共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Toni Flores 《Dialectical Anthropology》1986,10(3-4):249-264
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Weena Gera 《Ethnic and racial studies》2016,39(5):858-877
The good governance argument for diversity in civil service is based on the notion that creating a bureaucracy that represents the diverse communities it serves strengthens government accountability and legitimacy. This paper argues that ethnic representation in national bureaucratic governance in the Philippines primarily constitutes a means for political reallocation of space, as it is embedded in the government's framework of asymmetric political autonomy. Mired in intersecting political and ethnic tensions (i.e. blurred ethnic distinctions/ethnic identity disputes and politico-ethnic conflicts), patrimonial forces could easily exploit the country's bureaucratic representation policies as spaces for patronage and as superficial tokens to mollify interethnic factions of their share of the national polity. Thus, instead of facilitating equitable voice in bureaucratic governance, such policy framework could only hold ordinary indigenous and minority ethnic communities captive in the elite-dominated interethnic struggle for representation. 相似文献
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D K Nicol 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1984,288(6426):1317-1319
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Aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) and B2 (AFB2) are biologically active secondary metabolites of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. These toxins are synthesized by the fungi from pathway precursors: sterigmatocystin (ST)----O-methylsterigmatocystin (OMST)----AFB1; dihydrosterigmatocystin (DHST)----dihydro-O-methylsterigmatocystin (DHOMST)----AFB2. The late stages of AFB1 synthesis are carried out by two enzyme activities, a methyltransferase (MT) (ST----OMST), and an oxidoreductase (OR) (OMST----AFB1). Properties of the purified MT have been identified in a previous investigation [Bhatnagar et al. (1988) Prep. Biochem. 18, 321]. In the current study, the OR was partially purified (150-fold of specific activity) from fungal cell-free extracts and characterized with extended investigation of the late stages of AFB1 and AFB2 synthesis. Whole cells of an isolate of A. flavus (SRRC 141), which produce only AFB2, were able to produce AFB1 in ST and OMST feeding studies; the results suggested that the enzymes involved in AFB2 biosynthesis also carry out AFB1 synthesis. Substrate competition experiments carried out with the OR showed that an increasing concentration of either OMST or DHOMST in the presence of a fixed, nonsaturating concentration of either DHOMST or OMST, respectively, resulted in a decline in production of one aflatoxin (B1 or B2) with a corresponding increase in the synthesis of the other toxin (B2 or B1). OMST was a preferred substrate (Km, 1.2 microM) for the oxidoreductase as compared to DHOMST (Km, 13.4 microM). Similar, substrate competition experiments showed that ST (Km, 2.0 microM) was a preferred substrate over DHST (Km, 22.5 microM) for a homogeneous MT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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This article explores the material practices through which lower-caste and poor villagers engage with bureaucracy in contemporary India. We take documents and paperwork – such as ration cards and community certificates – as a ‘lens’ through which to explore how paper materiality is infused with the politics of power, patronage, and identity. The article brings ethnography from rural Tamil Nadu, South India, in conversation with two bodies of literature: one on the materiality of bureaucracy and one on the nature of political mediation in contemporary India. We demonstrate how everyday engagements with paperwork as well as processes of applying, form filling, and securing recommendations are constitutive of social and political relationships and, ultimately, of citizenship itself. Political mediation around paperwork and bureaucracy generates a hierarchy of citizens rather than equal citizenship for all, yet ordinary villagers transpire as anything but passive. Drawing on patronage networks, engaging in affective performances, and navigating a politics of identity, they actively negotiate access to the state in an attempt to claim their rights as citizens. 相似文献
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TMEM106B variants are genetically associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP‐43 pathology (FTLD‐TDP), and are considered a major risk factor for this disease. As TMEM106B may be involved in other pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), uncovering its cellular functions has become a priority. In this issue of The EMBO Journal, Schwenk et al ( 2014 ) combine loss‐of‐function experiments, live imaging and proteomics to unveil the physiological roles played by TMEM106B and its binding partner MAP6 in lysosomal function and transport. 相似文献
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