血管新生及丝蛋白材料血管化过程

基于医用生物材料开发及组织工程中血管化问题的重要性,本文就与生物材料血管化紧密相关的血管发生和血管新生有关研究做一综述,分析了芽式和套迭式血管新生的模式及机制,特别是对丝蛋白材料的血管化过程进行了分析与探讨.通过深入探讨血管新生的模式和机制,进而阐明丝蛋白材料中毛细血管生长与生物材料微结构之间的关系,有助于设计出适合于细胞黏附、组织生长、血管化顺利进行的生物材料,促进生物材料的临床应用及组织工程血管化研究的深化.     

合成生物学在生物材料科学中的应用及展望

生物材料的发展最早以生物惰性的工业材料为主,而后过渡到具有生物活性的材料,再发展为具备与生物体有可控生物反应的材料。未来,随着老龄化时代的来临以及精准医学的需求,生物材料的发展必然朝着动态可调控、高效多功能及仿生交互的方向发展。合成生物学以基因回路设计为核心,采用标准化元件在人造生物器件中实现可控的复杂功能,极大地推动了生命科学的发展。简要回顾了生物材料的发展,重点介绍了合成生物学在组织工程支架、可控药物输送体系、生物杂化材料及工程活体材料方面的应用,并讨论了未来合成生物学将如何更深远地影响生物材料的发展以及合成生物学在生物材料应用方面需要克服的一些挑战。     

组织工程生物支架材料

组织工程支架材料表面的微观和亚微观结构对细胞的黏附与生长有很重要的影响,纳米结构材料的应用为该结构展现了较广阔的前景。另外,组织工程支架材料的表面修饰及孔径调控对生物材料的改进有很重要的作用。介绍了生物材料的基本要求和分类,纳米结构材料在组织工程中的应用及生物材料表面修饰,以及以泡沫支架为例介绍材料孔径调控。     

组织工程中细胞与生物材料相互作用研究进展

种子细胞、生物材料和生长因子是组织工程三要素。生物材料模拟体内细胞外基质,为细胞提供良好的生长附着环境,维持细胞的活力和功能。材料表面的理化性质和表面改性分子直接影响细胞的粘附、增殖、迁移和分化等细胞行为,进而影响细胞功能和组织再生效果。材料表面修饰分子是细胞表面粘附和生长的直接接触位置,因此细胞与生物材料表面修饰分子的相互作用是组织工程的关键。文中重点介绍表面修饰分子对细胞表型及功能的影响,为组织工程关键问题的研究提供参考。     

生物支架材料——组织工程连载之二

具有三维结构的支架材料是组织工程的核心内容之一。现有组织工程支架可分为天然生物材料、合成有机材料和无机材料三类。支架材料近年来研究十分活跃,不仅在组织工程的最早产品人工皮肤领域进行了更为完善的研究和开发,同时在诸如人工骨、软骨、神经、血管、皮肤、肝、脾、肾、膀胱等方面进行了大量研究和探索。与普通组织工程支架需要预先制备并在体外成型不同,近年来在骨和软骨组织工程实践中兴起的可注射支架具有许多优势,是未来组织工程支架发展的重要方向之一。     

丝纤维支架材料的制备技术及其应用研究进展

丝纤维特别是丝素蛋白和蜘蛛丝蛋白作为具有良好生物相容性的高分了生物材料在组织工程和生物医学领域里有着广泛的应用。本文阐述了近年来在组织工程研究中所涉及的利用丝纤维进行支架材料制备、细胞培养和体内植入检测手段等方面的研究概况。     

重要生命器官组织工程研究进展

<正>重要生命器官的丧失或功能障碍是人类健康面临的主要危害之一。传统的治疗方法通常很难有效地达到治疗目的,而器官移植不但费用昂贵且供体资源少,无法作为常规治疗手段。重要生命器官组织工程的发展为治疗该类疾病提供了新的有效途径。近年来,随着生物材料和干细胞等相关技术的迅速发展,重要生命器官组织工程研究也相继取得一系列突破,并在其相关产品的产业化方面已也获得了一定的进展。文章综述了国内外重要生命器官组织工程研究最新进展及相关的产业化情况,可望为重要生命器官组织工程的研究和产业化发展提供一定的参考。     

生物硬组织材料羟基磷灰石--从天然到人工合成

回顾哺乳动物体硬组织材料无机组成羟基磷灰石的结构部分,综述了以羟基磷灰石为中心的种种生物材料．以及通过组织工程活化的羟基磷灰石与高分子复合材料代表硬组织修复材料的发展方向。     

自愈合水凝胶在组织工程中的研究进展

作为新型生物医用智能材料,自愈合水凝胶在解决柔性生物材料损伤修复问题及实现生物材料智能化和高效化中具有重要意义.本文综述了目前新型自愈合水凝胶的最新设计思路、性能以及在神经修复、骨缺损修复、心脏组织修复、肝脏止血等组织工程中的应用.这些研究进展为设计制备智能多功能水凝胶材料提供了创新思路,为增加柔性自愈合材料的多样性提供了新途径,为智能水凝胶材料在组织工程中的发展及生物医学中的应用奠定了良好的基础.     

新型丝胶组织工程生物材料的创新研发及其在创伤修复中的应用

再生医学与创伤修复需要合适的组织工程修复材料。蚕丝是我国特有的生物资源之一,蚕丝的主要组分丝胶,因其生物医学价值未知而常被作为缫丝行业的废料丢弃。近期的研究发现,丝胶具有优良的细胞亲和性和低免疫原性,在神经、心肌、软骨、骨骼肌、皮肤的修复及肿瘤治疗中效果良好,是性能优越的再生修复材料。该文简述了丝胶的组成结构和提取方法,以及丝胶生物材料在组织工程及创伤修复中的各种应用,并探讨了丝胶组织工程产品未来的研发重点和发展方向。     

Polymers to direct cell fate by controlling the microenvironment

Enhanced understanding of the signals within the microenvironment that regulate cell fate has led to the development of increasingly sophisticated polymeric biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. This advancement is exemplified by biomaterials with precisely controlled scaffold architecture that regulate the spatio-temporal release of growth factors and morphogens, and respond dynamically to microenvironmental cues. Further understanding of the biology, qualitatively and quantitatively, of cells within their microenvironments and at the tissue-material interface will expand the design space of future biomaterials.     

Biocompatibility of alumina-based biomaterials–A review

In today's medicine world, alumina-based biomaterials owing to their excellent biomechanical, and biocompatibility properties play a key role in biomedical engineering. However, the literature still suffers from not having a valid database regarding the protein adsorption and subsequently cell responses to these surfaces. Proteins by adsorption on biomaterials surfaces start interpreting the construction and also arranging the biomaterials surfaces into a biological language. Hence, the main concentration of this review is on the protein adsorption and subsequently cell responses to alumina’s surface, which has a wide range biomedical applications, especially in dentistry and orthopedic applications. In the presented review article, the general principles of foreign body response mechanisms, and also the role of adsorbed proteins as key players in starting interactions between cells and alumina-based biomaterials will be discussed in detail. In addition, the essential physicochemical, and mechanical properties of alumina surfaces which significantly impact on proteins and cells responses as well as the recent studies that have focused on the biocompatibility of alumina will be given. An in depth understanding of how the immune system interacts with the surface of alumina could prove the pivotal importance of the biocompatibility of alumina on its success in tissue engineering after implantation in body.     

组织器官脱细胞支架的制备及研究进展北大核心CSCD

脱细胞基质(decellularized extracellular matrix, dECM)旨在去除引起免疫排斥的细胞,保留原组织结构和成分。由于其具有与原组织器官相似的结构和成分,在组织工程和生物医学的应用上受到广泛关注,已成为一种很有前景的生物医学材料。通过适当的脱细胞方法,dECM很容易能够从组织器官中获得。文中总结了脱细胞的方法及最新研究进展,同时对脱细胞后支架灭菌、交联和保存的方式进行综述,概括了不同组织器官获得的脱细胞支架的最新应用及进展。最后对脱细胞支架目前面临的问题和挑战进行分析,并展望了未来的发展趋势。     

Engineering biomaterials to integrate and heal: the biocompatibility paradigm shifts

This article focuses on one of the major failure routes of implanted medical devices, the foreign body reaction (FBR)--that is, the phagocytic attack and encapsulation by the body of the so-called "biocompatible" biomaterials comprising the devices. We then review strategies currently under development that might lead to biomaterial constructs that will harmoniously heal and integrate into the body. We discuss in detail emerging strategies to inhibit the FBR by engineering biomaterials that elicit more biologically pertinent responses.     

Mini-review: Proactive biomaterials and bone tissue engineering

Recent advances in cell isolation and culture procedures, combined with growing understanding and use of molecular biology and biochemistry techniques, have resulted in the establishment of a new field of biological/biomedical research: cellular and tissue engineering. In the biomaterials field, cell and tissue bioengineers are investigating the development of proactive biomaterials (for example, bioceramics, chemically modified implant metals, and biodegradable tissue scaffolds) which utilize cellular- or molecular-level methods of manipulating cell/tissue behavior in order to encourage clinically desirable biological events at the tissue-implant interface. In vitro investigations utilizing osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and appropriate precursor cells, combined with long-term (i.e., years) tissue engineering studies in vivo are needed to enhance current understanding of the many mechanisms involved in bone formation and regulation. Such understanding will allow the development of proactive biomaterials for use in bone, which can elicit specific, timely, and clinically desirable responses from surrounding cells and tissues. (c) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Design and development of tissue engineered lung

Before we can realize our long term goal of engineering lung tissue worthy of clinical applications, advances in the identification and utilization of cell sources, development of standardized procedures for differentiation of cells, production of matrix tailored to meet the needs of the lung and design of methods or techniques of applying the engineered tissues into the injured lung environment will need to occur. Design of better biomaterials with the capacity to guide stem cell behavior and facilitate lung lineage choice as well as seamlessly integrate with living lung tissue will be achieved through advances in the development of decellularized matrices and new understandings related to the influence of extracellular matrix on cell behavior and function. We have strong hopes that recent developments in the engineering of conducting airway from decellularized trachea will lead to similar breakthroughs in the engineering of distal lung components in the future.     

α-Amino acid containing degradable polymers as functional biomaterials: rational design, synthetic pathway, and biomedical applications

Currently, biomedical engineering is rapidly expanding, especially in the areas of drug delivery, gene transfer, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. A prerequisite for further development is the design and synthesis of novel multifunctional biomaterials that are biocompatible and biologically active, are biodegradable with a controlled degradation rate, and have tunable mechanical properties. In the past decades, different types of α-amino acid-containing degradable polymers have been actively developed with the aim to obtain biomimicking functional biomaterials. The use of α-amino acids as building units for degradable polymers may offer several advantages: (i) imparting chemical functionality, such as hydroxyl, amine, carboxyl, and thiol groups, which not only results in improved hydrophilicity and possible interactions with proteins and genes, but also facilitates further modification with bioactive molecules (e.g., drugs or biological cues); (ii) possibly improving materials biological properties, including cell-materials interactions (e.g., cell adhesion, migration) and degradability; (iii) enhancing thermal and mechanical properties; and (iv) providing metabolizable building units/blocks. In this paper, recent developments in the field of α-amino acid-containing degradable polymers are reviewed. First, synthetic approaches to prepare α-amino acid-containing degradable polymers will be discussed. Subsequently, the biomedical applications of these polymers in areas such as drug delivery, gene delivery and tissue engineering will be reviewed. Finally, the future perspectives of α-amino acid-containing degradable polymers will be evaluated.     

Development of hydrogels for regenerative engineering

The aim of regenerative engineering is to restore complex tissues and biological systems through convergence in the fields of advanced biomaterials, stem cell science, and developmental biology. Hydrogels are one of the most attractive biomaterials for regenerative engineering, since they can be engineered into tissue mimetic 3D scaffolds to support cell growth due to their similarity to native extracellular matrix. Advanced nano‐ and micro‐technologies have dramatically increased the ability to control properties and functionalities of hydrogel materials by facilitating biomimetic fabrication of more sophisticated compositions and architectures, thus extending our understanding of cell‐matrix interactions at the nanoscale. With this perspective, this review discusses the most commonly used hydrogel materials and their fabrication strategies for regenerative engineering. We highlight the physical, chemical, and functional modulation of hydrogels to design and engineer biomimetic tissues based on recent achievements in nano‐ and micro‐technologies. In addition, current hydrogel‐based regenerative engineering strategies for treating multiple tissues, such as musculoskeletal, nervous and cardiac tissue, are also covered in this review. The interaction of multiple disciplines including materials science, cell biology, and chemistry, will further play an important role in the design of functional hydrogels for the regeneration of complex tissues.     

Injectable cardiac tissue engineering for the treatment of myocardial infarction

Heart disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Myocardial infarction leads to permanent loss of cardiac tissue and ultimately heart failure. However, current therapies could only stall the progression of the disease. Thus, new therapies are needed to regenerate damaged hearts to overcome poor prognosis of patients with heart failure. The shortage of heart donors is also a factor for innovating new therapies. Although the cardiac performance by cell-based therapy has improved, unsatisfactory cell retention and transplant survival still plague this technique. Because biomaterials can improve the cell retention, survival and differentiation, cardiac tissue engineering is now being explored as an approach to support cell-based therapies and enhance their efficacy for cardiac disease. In the last decade, cardiac tissue engineering has made considerable progress. Among different kinds of approaches in the cardiac tissue engineering, the approach of injectable cardiac tissue engineering is more minimally invasive than that of in vitro engineered tissue or epicardial patch implantation. It is therefore clinically appealing. In this review, we strive to describe the major progress in the flied of injectable cardiac tissue engineering, including seeding cell sources, biomaterials and novel findings in preclinical studies and clinical applications. The remaining problems will also be discussed.     

Biocompatibility of hydrogel-based scaffolds for tissue engineering applications

Recently, understanding of the extracellular matrix (ECM) has expanded rapidly due to the accessibility of cellular and molecular techniques and the growing potential and value for hydrogels in tissue engineering. The fabrication of hydrogel-based cellular scaffolds for the generation of bioengineered tissues has been based on knowledge of the composition and structure of ECM. Attempts at recreating ECM have used either naturally-derived ECM components or synthetic polymers with structural integrity derived from hydrogels. Due to their increasing use, their biocompatibility has been questioned since the use of these biomaterials needs to be effective and safe. It is not surprising then that the evaluation of biocompatibility of these types of biomaterials for regenerative and tissue engineering applications has been expanded from being primarily investigated in a laboratory setting to being applied in the multi-billion dollar medicinal industry. This review will aid in the improvement of design of non-invasive, smart hydrogels that can be utilized for tissue engineering and other biomedical applications. In this review, the biocompatibility of hydrogels and design criteria for fabricating effective scaffolds are examined. Examples of natural and synthetic hydrogels, their biocompatibility and use in tissue engineering are discussed. The merits and clinical complications of hydrogel scaffold use are also reviewed. The article concludes with a future outlook of the field of biocompatibility within the context of hydrogel-based scaffolds.