THE INTRINSIC MECHANISM OF CHROMATIN DECONDENSATION AND ITS ACTIVATION IN HUMAN SPERMATOZOA*

In vitro decondensation of human sperm chromatin induced by the activation of an intrinsic mechanism was studied by light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Morphological evidence was provided to support the concept that this mechanism is essential for the chromatin decondensation occurring in vivo. Prostatic zinc is hypothesized to preserve this potential decondensation ability from oxidative destruction, by reversibly binding to free thiol-groups. The unique occurrence of disulphide-stabilized structures in eutherian spermatozoa may serve to protect the spermatozoon from structural degradation by its own proteolytic activity during the relatively slow passage through the eutherian egg investments.     

人体病理组织中细菌L型的电镜观察

对9例细菌L型感染的人体病理组织进行透射电镜观察。结果显示:(1)L型可分布于组织间质或进入吞噬细胞、上皮细胞和癌细胞等细胞胞质;(2)L型具有多形态、大小不等、胞壁缺陷、电子密度低等特点,细胞胞质内的细菌L型尚有A、B两种形态区别;(3)L型在组织中形成了不完全箍缩分裂;(4)宿主细胞超微结构仅出现轻微改变。本结果与文献报道基本一致,提出了透射电镜下病理组织中细菌L型的形态特征及分布;并对L型感染与慢性炎症的关系等问题进行了讨论。     

THE INCORPORATION AND FATE OF H3-TYROSINE IN THE HAIR CORTEX OF RATS OBSERVED BY RADIOAUTOGRAPHY

The incorporation of H³-tyrosine into the protein of the cells in the cortex of rat hair has been investigated by radioautography. In growing hairs, radioactivity is found in the matrix, the upper bulb, and the whole of the keratogenous zone up to the fully keratinized part of the shaft, 10 and 30 minutes after an injection of labelled tyrosine. This is unequivocal evidence of protein synthesis at these sites. There is a very precise relationship between the end of protein synthesis and the hardening of the cortical cells at the top of the keratogenous zone. The way in which the silver grains of the radioautographs are clustered indicates that at 30 minutes after the injection the isotope is distributed more evenly in the matrix and upper bulb than in the top of the keratogenous zone. Possibly this reflects a difference, at these sites, in the cell components engaged in protein synthesis, or in the proteins being synthesized. The fully keratinized and hardened part of the hair was not radioactive at 10 and 30 minutes after the injection of H³-tyrosine. The rate at which the radioactivity moves into this region shows that the hair of rats grows 0.9 mm/24 hours. Comparison of the degree of radioactivity along the growing hair in the 30-minute, 12-hour, and 36-hour materials shows conclusively that protein accumulates in the cortical cells during their keratinization. An injection of a labelled amino acid does not behave as an ideal pulse dose; consequently, the grain density over the hair cortex at 36 hours is 100 per cent larger than would be expected if an ideal pulse dose situation existed.     

THYMIDINE-3H ELECTRON MICROSCOPE RADIOAUTOGRAPHY OF OSTEOGENIC CELLS IN THE FETAL RAT

The proximal tibial epiphyses of 18–21-day-old fetal rats have been studied by thymidine-³H radioautography. The results reveal that the label is incorporated into two types of osteogenic cells: (a) a spindle cell type (A cells) with characteristics generally associated with matrix production, including an extensive development of the endoplasmic reticulum and the presence of large intracellular accumulations of a dense, finely granular material, morphologically identifiable as glycogen; and (b) a rounded cell type (B cells) with morphological features similar in degree and kind to those of the developing neutrophilic leukocyte, including an abundance of free ribosomes and mitochondria and a complex Golgi apparatus associated with dense specific granules, morphologically identifiable with primary lysosomes. These results, along with the occurrence of recognizable, labeled, immature, perivascular forms of both of these A and B type cells, lead to the conclusion that the specialization of osteogenic cells into osteoclasts and osteocytes may involve separate pathways of cytodifferentiation.     

人上臂加压时的脉波分析

将与动脉脉波测定装置相连的袖带,缠绕于上臂,借助袖带充气给袖带部位的动脉加压。当袖带内压从收缩压水平缓缓下降时,可以记录到一系列逐渐变化着的动脉脉波,与以前在动物动脉外直接描记到的脉波群相似。用“脉波分析法”可以获得袖带部位的收缩压和舒张压值。与柯氏音法比较,在105次体力负荷前后的12名健康人测定中,收缩压与舒张压的相关系数分别为0.98和0.97。分析“0 波”,尚可获得容积变化的信息,并能测得同时发生的压力变化值。进而可将此两值代入动脉顺应指数(I_C)式。20名正常人87次测定的I_C值,远高于20名高血压患者 78次测定的结果(P<0.001)。I_C值的降低与眼底动脉硬化的程度有关。此方法具有简易、无创伤的优点。     

鲇鱼的静止代谢率及其与体重,温度和性别的关系

采用连续流水式呼吸仪测定了１２７尾鲇鱼（体重２２．６－４５２．４ｇ）的静止代谢率。在１０,１５,２０,２５和３０℃水温下,鲇鱼平均特定体重代谢率分别为２２．９９,５８．５５,７９．２０,１０９．２９和１２３．８９ｍｇＯ２／ｋｇ／ｈ。体重（Ｗ）与静止代谢率（Ｍｓ）回归关系（Ｍｓ＝ａＷ＾ｂ）的体重指数ｂ随温度上升而下降,温度（Ｔ）与特定体重代谢率（Ｍ＇）回归关系（Ｍ＇＝ＡＴ＾Ｂ）的温度指数Ｂ随体重增加     

用胞核切口转译法对人β型血珠蛋白基因的染色质结构研究

采用核切口转译改良法,对K 562细胞及HES细胞核中的人β型血红蛋白基因的染色质结构进行了分析。以~(32)P-三磷酸脱氧核苷酸作为底物,用E.coli DNA聚合酶对经。DNaseⅠ轻度消化的细胞核进行切口转译标记。然后从核中抽提出总DNA并以其为探针对经Sou-thern转移的β型血珠蛋白及其它一些基因的酶解片段进行杂交。结果表明,在K 562细胞核中,所有β型血珠蛋白基因(ε,γ,δ及β)以及18 S核糖体RNA基因均被选择性标记上了,而不表达基因:α-乳糖蛋白及c-sis基因则否。然而在HES细胞核中仅有18 S核糖体RNA基因被标记上。此表明活跃基因的染色质结构松弛,对DNase Ⅰ酶的消化较为敏感。