瑞香狼毒茎叶化学成分研究

新鲜瑞香狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme)茎叶经正已烷提取,脱腊后进行GC-MS-DS联用分析,鉴定出20个化合物。主要成分为正十八烷;正十九烷;2,6,10,14 — 四甲基十六烷;十六烷酸;十六烷酸甲酯;十六烷酸乙酯;9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸甲酯;9,12-+八碳二烯酸;9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸和十八烷酸。     

魔芋中脑苷脂类化合物的分离与结构鉴定

首次从魔芋中分离出由特殊羟基脂肪酰基构成的脑苷脂类化合物.通过光谱和化学方法鉴定为1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(2S,3R,4E,8Z)-2-(2'R-羟基脂肪酰基)-正十八碳-4,8-二烯鞘胺醇.其中羟基脂肪酰基主要由2-羟基-正十六酰基,2-羟基-正十八酰基,2-羟基-正二十酰基,2-羟基-正二十二酰基,2-羟基-正二十四酰基组成.     

云南栽培的西蒙得木种子蜡的化学成分

西蒙得木(Simmondsia chinensis)为重要油脂植物。我所引种栽培的西蒙得木种子蜡(液体蜡)经化学处理后,用GC及GC/MS分析,化学成分与原产地一致。我们采用“远端基团修饰法”确定了未见前人报道的脂肪酸的双键位置。分析结果,西蒙得木液体蜡的脂肪酸部分,其主要成分(％):十六碳烯-7-酸0.07—0.10,十八碳烯-9-酸3.73—5.92,二十碳烯-11-酸37.59—38.83,二十二碳烯-13-酸7.09—9.27,二十四碳烯-15-酸0.62—1.11。脂肪醇部分主要成分(％):十八碳烯醇0.21—0.24,二十碳烯醇16.15—22.07,二十二碳烯醇19.93—23.09,二十四碳烯醇2.96—4.96。     

攀援孔药花化学成分研究

从攀援孔药花全草95%乙醇提取物中首次分离得到19个化合物,通过波谱数据或与已知物对照,它们分别鉴定为:(2S,3S,4R)-2-[(2R)-2-羟基-二十一酰胺基]-二十一烷-1,3,4-三醇(1)、(2S,3S,4R)-2-二十四酰胺基-十八烷-1,3,4-三醇(2)、胡萝卜甙(3)、β-谷甾醇(4)、(20S,22E,24R)-5α,8α-表二氧-麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(5)、6β-羟基-豆甾-4-烯-3-酮(6)、十六烷酸-1-甘油酯(7)、桦木酸(8)、大黄素(9)、二十二烷酸-1-甘油酯(10)、对羟基苯甲醛(11)、十七烷酸-1-甘油酯(12)、金色酰胺醇乙酸酯(13)、十九烷酸-1-甘油酯(14)、棕榈酸(15)(、E)-p-香豆酸(16)、(22E,24S)-24-甲基-5α-胆甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(17)、2-去氧-β-蜕皮激素(18)和auranamide(19)。     

蝴蝶果根、果仁挥发油化学成分的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从大戟科蝴蝶果的根和果仁中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发油化学成分进行分析,并应用面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量。从根中鉴定出23种化合物,占总油量的100%,其主要成分为十六烷酸(18.74%)、(Z,Z)9,12-十八碳二烯酸(12.81%)、1,2-苯二羧酸双(2-甲基丙基)酯(10.59%)、二丁基邻苯二甲酸酯(7.42%)及二十四烷(6.72%)。从果仁中鉴定出17种化合物,占总油量的100%,主要成分为(E-)-9-十八碳烯酸(23.15%)、正十六烷酸(21.20%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸(19.26%)及3-甲基十七烷(6.80%)。     

滑桃树茎皮的化学成分

从大戟科植物滑桃树的茎皮中分离得到七个化合物,通过波谱分析或与已知化合物进行薄层层析对比,分别鉴定为β-谷甾醇(1)、胡萝卜甙(2)、蒲公英赛酮(3)、苔色酸乙酯(4)、苔色酸乙酯和甲酯混合物(4和5)、麦角甾-5α,8α-二环氧-22E,24R-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(6)和(2S,3S,4R,12E,2’R)-2-(2’-羟基-二十二碳酰胺基)二十碳-1,3,4-三羟基-12-烯(7)。其中化合物4、5、6和7为首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

蛇足石杉内生真菌Shiraia sp.Slf14化学成分及其抑菌活性研究

利用多种现代色谱方法从药用植物蛇足石杉内生真菌Shiraia sp.Slf14发酵提取物的石油醚、乙酸乙酯萃取部位中分离纯化获得9个化合物,借助ESI-MS、NMR等波谱技术鉴定其结构分别为齿孔醇(1)、9,12-十八二烯酸-2,3-二羟基丙酯(2)、十八烷酸-2,3-二羟基丙酯(3)、十六烷酸-2,3-二羟基丙酯(4)、竹红菌甲素(5)、竹红菌乙素(6)、痂囊腔菌素B(7)、痂囊腔菌素C(8)和亚油酸(9)。其中化合物1~4、7和9为首次从该属真菌中分离得到。并在对石油醚萃取部位的GC-MS分析中,首次在该属真菌中检测到1-甲基-2吡咯烷酮、十五烷酸乙酯、9-十六烯酸乙酯、十六烷酸乙酯、9,12-十八碳二烯酸乙酯、9-十八烯酸乙酯和十八烷酸乙酯7种化合物。抑菌实验结果表明化合物2~5对指示菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,具有较高的药用价值和开发前景。     

蝴蝶果花、叶挥发油的化学成分

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法从大戟科蝴蝶果花、叶中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发油化学成分进行分析,并应用面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量。从花中鉴定出10种化合物,占总油量的96.90%,其主要成分为十六烷酸(59.89%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸(13.82%)、(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-十八碳三烯-1-醇(6.58%)及双(2-乙基)邻苯二甲酸酯(5.59%)。从叶中鉴定出10种化合物,占总油量的45.26%,主要成分为邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(19.64%)、二丁基羟基甲苯(10.58%)、十六烷酸(3.70%)及苯甲酸(3.46%)。     

蝴蝶果茎挥发油的化学成分

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法从大戟科蝴蝶果茎中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发油化学成分进行分析。分离出36个峰,鉴定出35种化合物,占总油量的98.34%,并应用面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量。其主要成分为十六烷酸乙酯(13.19%)、正十六烷酸(11.11%)、十八碳烯酸乙酯(6.18%)、正十八烷(4.98%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸(4.90%)及十八碳二烯酸乙酯(4.21%)。     

华麻花头根中的神经酰胺成分

从菊科麻花头属植物华麻花头（Serratula chinensis S．Moore）根中分离得一组神经酰胺类化俞物,经光谱和化学方法分析,鉴定为（2S,3S,4R,8E）-8,9-二脱氢植物鞘氨醇（2R）-2-羟基脂肪酰胺,其脂肪酸链主要由十六,二十二,二十三,二十四和二十五烷酸组成,其中2-羟基十六碳酸组成的神经酰胺（2S,3S,4R,8E）-2-[（2R）-2-羟基棕榈酰胺]-8-十八碳烯-1,3,4-三醇为一新化合物。高锰酸钾氧化法被应用于判断单不饱和长链中双键的化置。     

9,10-环甲基十七烷酸干预下灵芝深层发酵合成三萜酸的动力学特征

利用Sigmoid模型对比研究了添加9,10-环甲基十七烷酸（9,10-CMA）前后灵芝深层发酵产三萜酸的动态变化特征。研究显示,灵芝对照组中三萜酸在4-9d大量合成,并于第9天达到最大值（268.62mg/L）;添加9,10-CMA组中三萜酸的合成量于第8天时达到最大值（343.52mg/L）。添加9,10-CMA后,灵芝菌丝体细胞对底物葡萄糖的利用速度加快,细胞比生长速率在3.2天达到最大值（Μ_max）,为0.94d ^-1,显著高于对照组的0.88d ^-1（在第3.4天获得）;葡萄糖比消耗速率在第1.7天达到最大值（Q_{S, max}）,为8.34d ^-1,显著高于对照组的6.80d ^-1（在第2.1天获得）。胞内三萜酸比合成速率显著提高,在第6.2天达到最大值（Q_{ITA, max}）13.76d ^-1,是对照组9.66d ^-1的1.42倍。两组中灵芝三萜酸的合成与细胞生长均呈现部分偶联关系,添加9,10-CMA后,没有改变细胞生长和三萜酸合成在发酵过程中的相互关系。     

ESR determinations of membrane permeability in a yeast sterol mutant

Yeast sterol mutants were subjected to ESR analysis in an attempt to elucidate how altered sterol composition correlates with membrane permeability. The technique requires spin labeling the intact yeast cells with a small, water-soluble nitroxide probe (2,2,5,5 tetramethyl-3-pyrrolin-1-oxyl-3-carboxylic acid, PCA), suspending cells in a NiCl₂ solution, and measuring the extent of Ni²⁺ entry through the membrane by its magnetic dipolar line broadening effect on the PCA signal. The wild type, A184D, was found to be impermeable to Ni²⁺ during all growth phases while the sterol mutant $\text{erg}\text{6}\text{2}$ was readily permeable to Ni²⁺. Other sources of line broadening such as increased rotational correlation time and cell nonviability are shown to be negligible. Internal Ni²⁺ concentrations for $\text{erg}\text{6}\text{2}$ and kinetics of Ni²⁺ entry were determined.     

龙桑一号桑叶精油的挥发性组分(英文)

桑品种龙桑一号(Morus alba)栽培于中国东北黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市甘南林场桑产业科技示范园。2009年7月、8月和9月的桑品种龙桑一号干桑叶精油中的挥发性组分经水蒸馏提取后进行了气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析。结果表明桑叶精油的共有组分是植醇(醇类化合物)、六氢金合欢丙酮(酮类化合物)、二十七烷和二十五烷(烃类化合物)。棕榈酸为7月和8月采集桑品种龙桑一号干桑叶精油的共有第一主成分。顺式-β-金合欢烯、反式-β-金合欢烯、β-甜没药烯、反式-α-佛手柑油烯和α-姜黄烯是9月采集桑品种龙桑一号干桑叶精油的主要芳香组分。萜类化合物相对含量较高的9月份采集的干桑叶精油具有药用价值。     

Off-response property of an acid-activated cation channel complex PKD1L3-PKD2L1

Ligand-gated ion channels are important in sensory and synaptic transduction. The PKD1L3-PKD2L1 channel complex is a sour taste receptor candidate that is activated by acids. Here, we report that the proton-activated PKD1L3-PKD2L1 ion channels have the unique ability to be activated after the removal of an acid stimulus. We refer to this property as the off-response (previously described as a delayed response). Electrophysiological analyses show that acid-induced responses are observed only after the removal of an acid solution at less than pH 3.0. A small increase in pH is sufficient for PKD1L3-PKD2L1 channel activation, after exposure to an acid at pH 2.5. These results indicate that this channel is a new type of ion channel-designated as an 'off-channel'-which is activated during stimulus application but not gated open until the removal of the stimulus. The off-response property of PKD1L3-PKD2L1 channels might explain the physiological phenomena occurring during sour taste sensation.     

Determination of cyanolipids in seed oils of the sapindaceae by means of their NMR spectra

Analysis of the NMR spectra has been developed as a method for the measurement of the type and amount of cyanolipids in seed oils. The cyanolipids of 6 species of Sapindaceae are reported.     

Determination of membrane cholesterol partition coefficient using a lipid vesicle-cyclodextrin binary system: effect of phospholipid acyl chain unsaturation and headgroup composition

Lateral domain or raft formation in biological membranes is often discussed in terms of cholesterol-lipid interactions. Preferential interactions of cholesterol with lipids, varying in headgroup and acyl chain unsaturation, were studied by measuring the partition coefficient for cholesterol in unilamellar vesicles. A novel vesicle-cyclodextrin system was used, which precludes the possibility of cross-contamination between donor-acceptor vesicles or the need to modify one of the vesicle populations. Variation in phospholipid headgroup resulted in cholesterol partitioning in the order of sphingomyelin (SM) > phosphatidylserine > phosphatidylcholine (PC) > phosphatidylenthanolamine (PE), spanning a range of partition DeltaG of -1181 cal/mol to +683 cal/mol for SM and PE, respectively. Among the acyl chains examined, the order of cholesterol partitioning was 18:0(stearic acid),18:1n-9(oleic acid) PC > di18:1n-9PC > di18:1n-12(petroselenic acid) PC > di18:2n-6(linoleic acid) PC > 16:0(palmitic acid),22:6n-3(DHA) PC > di18:3n-3(alpha-linolenic acid) PC > di22:6n-3PC with a range in partition DeltaG of 913 cal/mol. Our results suggest that the large differences observed in cholesterol-lipid interactions contribute to the forces responsible for lateral domain formation in plasma membranes. These differences may also be responsible for the heterogeneous cholesterol distribution in cellular membranes, where cholesterol is highly enriched in plasma membranes and relatively depleted in intracellular membranes.     

Effect of dielectric constant on protonation equilibria of 2, 3-dihydroxybenzoic acid and malonic acid in 1, 2-propanediol-water mixtures

Abstract

The protonation constants of 2,3-diydroxybenzoic acid (2, 3-DHBA) and malonic acid (MA) at 303.0 ± 0.1 K and 0.16 mol L^-1 ionic strength in various concentrations (0–60% v/v) of 1,2-propanediol–water-mixtures were determined by pH-metric method. The protonation constants were calculated with MINIQUAD75 computer program. Selection of the best fit chemical models of the acid–base equilibria was based on statistical parameters. The log K values were found to increase with the increase in percentage of 1,2-propanediol and vary linearly with the reciprocal of the dielectric constant of the medium. This has been attributed to the dominance of electrostatic forces. Distributions of species and effect of influential parameters on the protonation constants are also presented.