中国海南岛灵芝科的分类研究I.

报道了海南岛境内的灵芝科真菌４种,其中１新种即尖峰岭灵芝ＧａｎｏｄｅｒｍａｊｉａｎｆｅｎｇｌｉｎｇｅｎｓｅＸ．Ｌ．Ｗｕｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。岛内新纪录有３种即薄盖灵芝Ｇａｎｏｄｅｒｍａｃａｐｅｎｓｅ（Ｌｏｙｄ）Ｔｅｎｇ：大青山灵芝Ｇ．ｄａｉｑｉｎｇｓｈａｎｅｓｎｓｅＺｈａｏ;褐树舌Ｇ．ｂｒｏｗｎｉｉ（Ｍｕｒｒ）Ｇｉｌｂｎ本文研究的全部标本保藏于贵州科学院真菌标本室。     

山西雏蝗属二新种记述(直翅目:网翅蝗科)

记述山西省吕梁地区雏蝗属Ｃｈｏｒｔｈｉｐｐｕｓ Ｆｉｅｂｅｒ,１８５２二新种,即似鹤立雏蝗Ｃｈｏｒｔｈｉｐｐｕｓ ｆｕｓｃｉｐｅｎｎｏｉｄｅｓ Ｍａ,Ｚｈｅｎｇ ｅｔ Ｇｕｏ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和关帝山雏蝗Ｃｈｏｒｔｈｉｐｐｕｓ ｇｕａｎｄｉｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｍａ,Ｚｈｅｎｇ ｅｔ Ｇｕｏ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本保存于山西大学生命科学系动物标本室。     

重组人MCAF／GM－CSF融合蛋白表达及其生物学活性研究

利用ＰＣＲ技术和ＤＮＡ体外重组方法,把作为导向效应细胞到靶部位的单核细胞趋化激活因子（ＭＣＡＦ）和粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）进行基因融合,置于ｐＢＶ２２０载体的λＰＲＰＬ串联启动子下游,构建了ＳＤ序列与ＡＴＧ之间含有不同核苷酸组成的重组质粒ｐＭＧ０１、ｐＭＧ０２和ｐＭＧ０３。ｐＭＧ０１、ｐＭＧ０２和ｐＭＧ０３的翻译起始区都不存在稳定的二级结构,但ＤＨ５α（ｐＭＧ０２、ＤＨ５α（ｐＭＧ０３）的表达水平远远高于ＤＨ５α（ｐＭＧ０１）,ＤＨ５α（ＰＭＧ０１）几乎没有表达。表达产物经Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ检测表明,它能分别与ＭＣＡＦ和ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ抗体发生特异反应。生物学活性测定表明,表达产物具有明显的单核细胞趋化活性和维持ｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ依赖的ＴＦ１细胞生长的特性,说明ＭＣＡＦ和ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ的生物学功能是相容的．     

四川宣汉渡口二叠纪“孤峰组”牙形石序列及其全球对比意义

渡口“孤峰组”的牙形石带，自下而上包括Ｍｅｓｏｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａｓｅｒｒａｔａ带Ｍ．ａｓｅｒｒａｔａ带，Ｍ．ｐｏｓｔｓｅｒｒａｔａ带，Ｍ．ａｌｔｕｄａｅｎｓｉｓ带，Ｍ．ｐｒｅｘｕａｎｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ带和Ｍ．ｘｕａｎｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ带。其中前４带可与美国Ｔｅｘａｓ州Ｇｕａｄａｌｕｐｉａｎ统的牙形石带逐个对比。这说明该统Ａｌｔｕｄａ组顶部含Ｍ．ａｌｔｕｄａｅｎｓｉｓ动物群的层位低于吴家坪阶之底：Ｇｕａｄａｌｕｐｉａｎ统和吴家坪阶之间尚存在一个待厘定和命名的新阶。描述了２新种：Ｍ．ｐｒｅｘｕａｎｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和Ｍ．ｘｕａｎｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。     

甘肃灵台上新世晚期红粘土中的哺乳动物化石

发现于甘肃灵台任家沟上第三系红粘土中的哺乳动物化石包括５目７科９种,Ｎｙｃｔｅｒｅｕｔｅｓ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｃｈａｒｄｉｎｏｍｙｓ　ｓｐ,Ｇｏｍｐｈｏｔｈｅｅｒｉｉｄａｅ,　Ｒｈｉｎｏｃｅｒｏｔｉｄａｅ,Ｈｉｐｐａｒｉｏｎ ｈｏｕｆｅｎｅｎｓｅ　Ｐａｒａｃａｍｅｌｕｓ　ｓｐ．,　Ｇａｚｅｌｌａ　ｂｌａｃｋｉ,　　Ｇａｚｅｌｌａ　ｓｐ．及Ａｎｔｉｌｏｓｐｉｒａ　ｌｉｃｅｎｔｉ．化石野外的产出层位距第四系黄土底界约２２ｍ,古地磁测定为３．４～３．５Ｍａ,即晚上新世早期（ＭＮ１６下部）。     

血管平滑肌细胞增殖与Cdk抑制蛋白p27的表达

ｐ２７蛋白是细胞周期素依赖性激酶（Ｃｄｋ）抑制蛋白家族中的一种,主要对外部促进或抑制细胞增殖的信号起反应。本研究应用流式细胞仪（ＦＣＭ）双标记的方法观察血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡｎｇⅡ）、血管加压素（ＡＶＰ）和血小板源生长因子（ＰＤＧＦ）对血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣｓ）细胞周期百分比和ｐ２７蛋白表达量的影响。静止状态培养的ＶＳＭＣｓ加入ＡｎｇⅡ,ＡＶＰ,ＰＤＧＦＢＢ后,在不同时间收集细胞,用碘化丙啶（ＰＩ）标记细胞ＤＮＡ,以确定细胞所处的周期。用ｐ２７蛋白的单抗和标记了ＦＩＴＣ的二抗标记细胞,通过流式细胞仪测定被激发出的荧光量来确定细胞ｐ２７蛋白表达的相对量。结果显示,ＡｎｇⅡ刺激ＶＳＭＣｓ增生,其蛋白含量增加了４３６％（Ｐ＜００１）,但不抑制ｐ２７蛋白的表达;ＡＶＰ可轻度抑制ｐ２７的表达,有轻度促进ＶＳＭＣｓ增殖和增生的作用（Ｐ＜００５）;ＰＤＧＦ明显抑制ｐ２７的表达,引起细胞增殖。本研究结果提示,ｐ２７蛋白抑制ＶＳＭＣｓ通过Ｇ１期进入Ｓ期,是抑制ＶＳＭＣｓ增殖的重要调节因子。     

微透析测试刺激皮肤和肌肉神经引起的天门冬氨酸和谷氨酸在脊髓的释放

为分析ＮＭＤＡ和非ＮＭＤＡ受体在介导脊髓不同性质疼痛的机能分化,应用微透析技术,测量刺激皮肤和肌肉神经引起的天门冬氨酸（Ａｓｐ）和谷氨酸（Ｇｌｕ）在脊髓背角的释放。电刺激皮肤神经兴奋Ｃ纤维诱发的Ａｓｐ和Ｇｌｕ的释放分别是基础值的（３２３±５５）％（Ｐ＜００１）和（１６９±１６）％（Ｐ＜００５）;电刺激肌肉神经兴奋Ｃ纤维诱发的Ａｓｐ和Ｇｌｕ的释放分别是基础值的（１５０±１６）％（Ｐ＜００１）和（２１８±４２）％（Ｐ＜００５）。兴奋皮肤传入引起的Ａｓｐ释放明显高于Ｇｌｕ的释放（约３倍）;而兴奋肌肉传入引起的Ｇｌｕ释放明显高于Ａｓｐ的释放（约２倍）。从而提示,皮肤伤害性传入主要引起Ａｓｐ的释放增加,而肌肉的伤害性传入则主要引起Ｇｌｕ的释放增加,它们分别主要作用于ＮＭＤＡ和非ＮＭＤＡ受体而介导不同的痛传入信息。     

凝乳酶β-转角突变体的构建、表达和性质分析

为了阐明牛凝乳酶的第二个发夹结构中的Ⅵ型β转角的功能,利用基因突变技术,将该转角的氨基酸残基（Ｌｅｕ２０Ｇｌｙ２１Ｔｈｅ２２Ｐｒｏ２３Ｐｒｏ２４Ｇｌｎ２５）改为（Ｌｅｕ２０ＧｌｙＧｌｙＧｌｎ２５）、（Ｌｅｕ２０ＳｅｒＧｌｙＧｌｎ２５）或（Ｌｅｕ２０ＧｌｙＳｅｒＧｌｎ２５）,得到３个突变牛凝乳酶原表达质粒ｐＭＣＧＧ,ｐＭＣＳＧ和ｐＭＣＧＳ。除ｐＭＣＧＳ不能在大肠杆菌中表达外,ｐＭＣＧＧ和ｐＭＣＳＧ均能以包含体的形式进行表达,且表达水平与野生型相当。像野生型凝乳酶原一样,ｐＭＣＧＧ和ｐＭＣＳＧ的表达产物经过变性复性,均能自活化为假凝乳酶,而且复性后的酶原突变体在ＤＥＡＥＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＣＬ６Ｂ上的柱行为与野生型相类似,但突变体假凝乳酶的凝乳及水解酪蛋白活性均明显低于野生型。说明突变对酶原的折叠影响较小,但对酶的催化效率影响较大。     

携带p53基因的重组腺病毒的构建及对肿瘤细胞抑制的研究

１　材料与方法１１　质粒ｐＣＭＶｐ５３ＢＡＭ由美国约翰·霍普金斯肿瘤中心ＢｅｒｔＶｏｇｅｌｓｔｅｉｎ教授赠送［５］;ｐＲＳｅｔＡ购于Ｉｎｖｉｔｒｏｇｅｎ公司;ｐＣＡ１３和ｐＢＨＧ１１为ＭｉｃｒｏｂｉｘＢｉｏｓｙｓｔｅｍＩｎｃ．产品。ｐＢＨＧ１１包含腺病毒Ａｄ５基因组３６ｋｂ中的约３４ｋｂ序列,但Ａｄ５Ｅ１区１８８ｂｐ至１３３９ｂｐ缺失,代之以氨苄青霉素抗性基因和复制起始位点。ｐＢＨＧ１１缺少包装信号φ（２２ｂｐ至３４２ｂｐ）和Ａｄ５Ｅ３区（２７８６５ｂｐ至３０９９５ｂｐ序列）。ｐＣＡ１３…     

小煤炱科二个新种

报道了中国小煤炱科Ｍｅｌｉｏｌａｃｅａｅ２个新种,它们是南蛇藤双孢炱ＡｍａｚｏｎｉａｃｅｌａｓｔｒｉＹ．Ｘ．ＨｕｅｔＢ．Ｓｏｎｇｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,和乌桕生小煤炱ＭｅｌｉｏｌａｓｑｐｉｉｃｏｌａＹ．Ｘ．ＨｕｅｔＢ．Ｓｏｎｇｓｐ．ｎｏｖ模式杯本存在广东省微生物研究所（ＧＤＩＭ）。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.