科尔沁沙地主要植物细根和叶片碳、氮、磷化学计量特征

弄清半干旱区植物叶片和细根的碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)元素的化学计量特征及其关联性对于认识植物C、N、P元素之间的交互作用及平衡制约关系、植物的养分利用策略,以及对全球变化的响应具有重要的意义。该研究对科尔沁沙地60种主要植物叶片和细根的C含量、N含量、P含量、C:N、C:P、N:P的差异性及其相关性进行了研究。结果表明:1)科尔沁沙地60种主要植物叶片平均C含量、N含量、P含量和C:N:P分别为424.20 mg·g~(-1)、25.60 mg·g~(-1)、2.10 mg·g~(-1)和202:12:1。细根平均C含量、N含量、P含量和C:N:P分别为434.03 mg·g~(-1)、13.54 mg·g~(-1)、1.13 mg·g~(-1)和384:12:1。细根N、P含量近似等于叶片平均N、P含量的1/2;叶片与细根的N:P并无显著差异,具有明显的保守性,反映了植物地上和地下养分吸收与分配比例的一致性;2)不同生活型植物间叶片和细根的C、N、P含量及其化学计量比存在显著差异,杂类草植物具有较高的叶片N、P含量,禾草类植物具有较高的叶片C:N和C:P,一年生杂类草和禾草类植物叶片的N:P较低。与非豆科植物相比,豆科植物具有较高的C、N含量和较低的C:N,表明不同生活型植物对养分的适应策略不同;3)相关分析表明,叶片和细根的N、P含量间显著正相关,细根C含量与N含量之间以及C含量与P含量之间显著负相关,表明植物体内这3种元素之间存在相互作用;4)科尔沁沙地植物叶片和细根间的C、N、P含量及化学计量比均有显著的正相关关系,说明植物光合产物和养分在地上和地下部分之间分配具有平行的比例关系,但不同生活型植物叶片和细根之间元素含量的相关性存在一定差异,这可能与不同生活型植物的养分利用效率有关。     

大兴安岭典型森林沼泽植物叶片和细根碳氮磷化学计量特征

探究大兴安岭典型森林沼泽不同植物叶片和细根生态化学计量特征,能够为进一步认识高纬度气候敏感生态系统养分利用策略和物质循环过程提供依据。对大兴安岭地区兴安落叶松-苔草、兴安落叶松-笃斯越桔-藓类和兴安落叶松-杜香-泥炭藓3种典型森林沼泽19种优势和亚优势维管植物叶片和细根碳氮磷计量特征(C∶N∶P)进行比较,分析不同森林沼泽类型、植物生长型和菌根类型叶片和细根C∶N∶P差异,通过标准化主轴回归分析叶片与细根C∶N∶P的关系。结果表明: 叶片C∶N∶P在种间水平具有最大的变异(42.5%～84.6%),且叶片和细根种间变异大小均为N∶P>C∶N>C∶P。土壤养分和水分含量较高的兴安落叶松-苔草沼泽叶片与细根C∶N和C∶P值较低,且3种森林沼泽植物叶片和细根N∶P均小于10,受N限制。草本植物叶片C∶P和细根C∶N、C∶P显著低于木本植物。外生菌根和杜鹃花类菌根植物叶片和细根C∶N和C∶P高于丛枝菌根和无菌根植物,且杜鹃花类菌根植物叶片和细根C∶P显著高于外生菌根植物。不同森林沼泽、生长型、菌根类型植物叶片和细根C∶N和C∶P差异明显,而N∶P相对稳定。森林沼泽植物叶片与细根C∶N、C∶P和N∶P呈线性正相关,植物地上与地下部分在生态化学计量特征上存在协同。     

新疆45种荒漠植物粗根碳、氮、磷计量特征及其与环境的关系

通过测定新疆44个样地45种荒漠植物的粗根碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)元素含量,探索荒漠植物化学计量特征与环境因子的关系。结果表明:荒漠植物粗根C、N和P含量为440±73、9.86±3.84和0.82±0.48 mg·g-1,C∶N、C∶P和N∶P为51±21、707±388和15±10。不同生活型植物的粗根C含量存在显著差异,其中乔木最高、灌木次之、草本最低,而粗根P含量表现为相反的趋势;此外,灌木的粗根N含量显著高于乔木和草本。C与P、N与P呈异速生长关系,其幂指数分别为-0.460、0.699。C、N、P化学计量特征与经纬度、年平均温度、年平均降水量存在非线性关系。荒漠植物粗根C、N、P计量特征主要受气候因子的影响,生活型差异和土壤养分影响次之,反映了荒漠植物生长主要受水分限制。     

亚热带59个常绿与落叶树种不同根序细根养分及化学计量特征

不同根序的植物细根具有形态、结构和生理上的差异,基于根序的细根生理生态研究是当前生态学领域研究的重要组成部分。对不同生活型树种不同根序细根的研究可以为森林生态系统的地下细根养分策略提供理论依据。研究结果发现：（1）除了落叶树种P含量和N：P之外,两个生活型树种细根C、N和P含量与化学计量比在不同根序间均具有显著差异（P<0.05）;两者细根C含量、C：N和C：P随根序增加而升高,而N和P含量随根序增加而降低。（2）常绿与落叶树种C、N、P养分含量中C的变异系数最低,且两个生活型树种细根N、P含量的变异系数基本都随根序增加而变大。（3）常绿树种细根的N、P含量均显著低于落叶树种,但C：N和C：P都显著高于落叶树种,C含量和N：P无显著差异。（4）常绿与落叶树种细根养分（碳、氮和磷）异速关系在各个根序之间都存在共同斜率;常绿树种细根N和P含量存在等速生长关系,但落叶树种细根存在P含量增速大于N含量的异速生长关系（指数：α>1）。结论：随根序增加,常绿与落叶树种的细根具有相似的养分变化策略,N、P养分含量在低阶细根中的变异性更小。落叶树种细根生长受到缺P的影响大于常绿树种。落叶树种细根比常绿树种更高的N、P含量和更低C：N和C：P以及常绿与落叶树种细根N、P养分的异速生长关系差异说明落叶树种细根更倾向于采取快速的资源获取策略。     

柴达木盆地荒漠植物功能性状及其对环境因子的响应

植物功能性状是植物适应环境的外在表达，反映了植物在不同环境中的生存策略，探究干旱区荒漠植物功能性状及其与环境之间的关系，有助于理解植物适应极端干旱环境的生态对策，为保护荒漠地区生态系统提供理论依据。以柴达木盆地为研究区，选取8个植物功能性状指标，包含4种植物生活型，10种荒漠植物，探究荒漠植物功能性状的基本特征及其对环境因子的响应。研究表明：柴达木盆地植物叶片碳含量(LCC)、叶片氮含量(LNC)、叶片磷含量(LPC)、叶片C∶N、叶片N∶P、叶片稳定碳同位素(Leafδ¹³C)、叶片干物质含量(LDMC)和植株高度(Height)的变化范围分别为272.07—466.00mg/g、12.40—44.50mg/g、0.51—2.07mg/g、8.62—29.74、11.37—39.29、-27.38‰—-14.80‰、100—480mg/g、3.00—264.22cm。不同生活型间LNC、LPC、叶片N∶P和LDMC差异不显著，LCC、叶片C∶N、叶片δ¹³C和植株高度存在显著差异。LNC、LPC和叶片N∶P与全球、中国和青藏高原相比不存在显...     

Allocation strategies of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus following a gradient of wildfire severities

植物碳、氮、磷在不同火烧强度下的分配策略 森林野火是影响北方针叶林演替过程中养分分配规律的重要因素。然而,植物叶片和细根之间 的碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)分配策略在不同强度森林野火后的研究尚不充分。本研究旨在探讨不同野火强度下叶片和细根间C、N、P的分配策略。运用化学计量学理论和异速生长方程,选取中国东北大兴安岭地区的4个不同火烧强度(未火烧、低、中、高)恢复10年后的火烧迹地为研究样地,比较不同火烧强 度下各物种叶片和细根的C、N、P含量。研究结果表明,与未受到火烧的样地相比,轻度火烧迹地的植物叶片和细根C浓度增加,重度火烧迹地植物叶片N浓度最高,但是细根N浓度最低。N:P比值的平均值大于16的结果表示植物养分利用策略在高火烧强度下趋于P限制。更重要的是,随着火烧严重程度的增加,细根与叶片间的C、N、P分配规律出现由异速生长向等速生长的转变,即随着火烧强度的增加,元素分配表现为对叶片的分配多于细根。这些结果表明,植物叶片和细根之间的元素分配策略在受到不同强度的野火干扰以后发生了失衡。本研究加深了我们对火后森林生态系统演替过程中植物与土壤养分动态的认识。     

不同生境中鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)碳氮磷化学计量特征及其营养利用策略

该研究通过野外采样和实验室测定的方法,研究了三种生境中鬼针草叶和根碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)化学计量特征及其与土壤养分的相关性。结果表明:(1)鬼针草的生境具有不同的资源水平。三种生境的土壤全氮(TN)和速效氮贫乏,有机碳(C)和全磷(TP)较充裕;生境Ⅰ土壤TN含量显著低于其它两个生境,生境II土壤TP含量显著低于其它两个生境,生境III土壤TN、TP含量均大于其它两个生境。(2)不同生境的鬼针草对磷(P)分配策略不同。低N生境的鬼针草叶片P含量根P含量,P较多地分配到植物体地上部分;N、P含量较高的生境中鬼针草根P含量叶P含量,P更多地分配到地下部分。(3)不同生境的鬼针草其地上部分和根的生长速率不同。低N生境的鬼针草叶片N/P和C/P值小,植物体具有较高的相对生长速率,具有地上生长竞争优势;低P生境的植物叶片N/P和C/P值大,植物体具有较慢的相对生长速率;高N、高P生境中根N/P和C/P值小,根具有较高的生长速率,保证了鬼针草的地下生长竞争优势。(4)鬼针草叶片N/P和根N/P之间呈现不显著的负相关关系,植物地上部分和地下部分为异速生长。不同生境的鬼针草具有不同的营养利用和分配策略,保证了植物强大的竞争力和入侵性。     

穿透雨减少和氮添加对毛竹叶片和细根化学计量学的影响

全球气候变化导致的干旱和人类活动引起的大气氮沉降升高,将会直接影响森林生态系统的结构与功能。叶片和细根作为植物最重要的资源获取功能器官,其化学计量学特征可指示其资源利用、生存适应策略。在当前气候变化背景下,了解植物的化学计量特征和适应特征将有助于预测未来森林生态系统功能的变化。通过为期1年的双因素交互实验,探讨了穿透雨减少和氮添加影响下,我国亚热带重要森林类型毛竹林的叶片及细根碳（C）、氮（N）、磷（P）元素化学计量比的响应特征,对于认识毛竹林生态系统对全球变化的适应和养分利用策略具有重要意义。研究表明：（1）穿透雨减少处理显著降低叶片N、P含量,显著增加细根N含量,对叶片C含量和细根C、P含量无显著影响;氮添加处理显著增加土壤N含量和叶片N含量,对叶片C、P含量及细根C、N、P含量无显著影响。（2）穿透雨减少、氮添加处理及两者交互作用对土壤C：N：P均无显著影响。（3）穿透雨减少处理显著增加叶片C：N、C：P和N：P;氮添加处理显著降低叶片C：N,对叶片C：P、N：P无显著影响;穿透雨减少、氮添加交互作用显著降低叶片C：N和C：P,对叶片N：P无显著影响。（4）穿透雨减少处理显著降低细根C：N,对细根C：P及N：P无显著影响;氮添加处理及穿透雨减少、氮添加交互作用对细根C：N：P无影响。综上短期处理的研究结果,穿透雨减少处理产生的水分胁迫对毛竹产生了关键限制作用,毛竹采取了降低叶片N和P含量、增加细根N含量,提高叶片的N和P利用效率、保持细根稳定的P利用效率的策略。氮添加未能缓解穿透雨减少对毛竹产生的干旱胁迫,毛竹通过改变地上部分叶片和地下部分细根之间的N素分配格局和N、P利用效率以应对水分胁迫。氮添加处理下叶片N含量显著增加,C：N显著降低,而细根C、N、P含量及化学计量比没有显著变化。由此可知毛竹地上部分叶片和地下部分细根对穿透雨减少、氮添加及两者交互作用表现出不同的响应策略。本研究可为全球变化背景下毛竹人工林可持续经营提供理论依据。     

3种功能型林木幼苗叶片与细根碳氮磷化学计量特征及其异速关系

为了比较不同功能型林木叶片与细根碳氮磷化学计量特征及其异速关系的差异,本研究以刨花楠(常绿阔叶)、福建山樱花(落叶阔叶)和福建柏(常绿针叶)的幼苗为对象,对其叶片和细根的碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量及其计量比关系进行分析。结果表明: 3种树木幼苗的叶片与细根的C、N、P含量及其计量比存在显著差异,其中,叶片与细根的C含量及C/N、C/P均以刨花楠最高,N含量和N/P以福建山樱花最高,P含量以福建柏最高;3种幼苗叶片的C、N、P含量和C/P、N/P均高于细根。叶片的C、N、P含量及其计量比之间的异速关系与细根不同,且受功能型差异的影响;3种幼苗叶片的C/P与N/P之间存在着指数明显不同的异速关系,但其细根的N、P含量均为等速关系。3种幼苗叶片和细根的C、N、P含量及其计量比关系也存在差异;刨花楠叶片和细根的关系主要显示为叶片C含量与细根P含量的异速关系,福建山樱花则主要显示在叶片C、N含量及C/N、N/P与细根C/N、N/P间的异速或等速关系,而福建柏主要是叶片C含量与细根C、N、P含量间的异速关系,福建山樱花叶片与细根的养分分配更具协调性。3种幼苗叶片和细根对P的投资策略具有相似性。研究结果为实施林木苗期精准养分管理与高效培育技术等提供了科学依据。     

民勤荒漠区主要灌木叶片C、N、P化学计量特征的季节变化

为探究不同灌木叶片C、N、P化学计量特征季节变化规律,揭示荒漠植物对环境的适应策略,以民勤荒漠区4种主要灌木梭梭、沙拐枣、唐古特白刺、柠条锦鸡儿为研究对象,分析不同荒漠植物在生长季内叶片的C、N、P含量及其计量比变化特征。结果表明:(1)沙拐枣、柠条锦鸡儿叶片C含量显著高于唐古特白刺、梭梭(P<0.05),且唐古特白刺显著高于梭梭,沙拐枣与柠条锦鸡儿差异不显著;唐古特白刺叶片N含量显著高于其他3种植物叶片;唐古特白刺叶片P含量最高,并显著高于柠条锦鸡儿,但两者均与梭梭和沙拐枣差异不显著。(2)4种荒漠植物叶片C、N、P含量及其计量比各指标在生长季节内的变异系数表现为:P(28.34%)>C∶P(24.70%)>N∶P(19.07%)>N(17.49%)>C∶N(16.89%)>C(2.91%)。(3)C含量与N、P含量呈不显著正相关关系;除沙拐枣,其他叶片N含量与P含量呈显著正相关关系,4种荒漠植物叶片N∶P值的变化主要由P含量变化决定。(4)植物叶片C、N、C∶N、C∶P和N∶P含量的变异主要受植物种类影响,植物叶片P含量的变异主要受生长季节影响。研究发现,民勤荒漠4种灌木植物叶片C、N、P含量及C∶N、C∶P和N∶P在生长季内因物种而不同,它们在生长季内变异系数在植物种之间也存在差异。     

海南不同生活型植物叶片和根系C、N、P化学计量特征

为了解热带地区植物的营养元素利用策略,对海南3个生活型的9种植物的叶片和根系碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量及化学计量比进行分析,包括车前(Plantago asiatica)、蒭雷草(Thuarea involuta)、木耳菜(Psidium guajava)、桑(Morus alba)、臭黄荆(Premnaligustroides)、彩叶朱槿(Hibiscusrosa-sinensis)和厚叶榕(Ficusmicrocarpavar.crassifolia)、海岸桐(Guettarda speciosa)和番石榴(Psidium guajava)。结果表明,不同生活型间的元素含量和化学计量比没有显著差异;叶片C、N、P含量高于根系,叶片的C、N含量与根系的呈显著正相关,P含量与根系的呈显著负相关。C∶P与N∶P低于全国和全球尺度,说明该地区植物具有较高的生长速率。小于14的N∶P表明海南热带植物的生长主要受N限制。这揭示了海南热带植物不同生活型的营养元素利用策略相似,虽然受N限制,海南的植物仍具有较高的N、P固持能力和生长速率。     

Carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry in leaves and fine roots of dominant plants in Horqin Sandy Land

Aims The stoichiometric characteristics of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in plant organism is vital to understand plant adaptation to environment. In particular, the correlations of elemental stoichiometric characteristics between leaf and fine root could provide insights into the interaction and balance among the plant elements, nutrient use strategies and plant response to global change.Methods We measured C, N, P contents and C:N, C:P, N:P in leaves and fine roots of 60 dominant plants in Horqin sandy land. The 60 plant species were classified into five life forms and two categories such as perennial forb, annual forb, perennial grass, annual grass, shrub, legume, and non-legume. We statistically analyzed the differences and correlations of C, N and P stoichiometry either between fine root and leaf or among five life forms.Important findings The average C, N and P concentrations in leaves of 60 plant species in Horqin sandy land are 424.20 mg·g^-1, 25.60 mg·g^-1 and 2.10 mg·g^-1, respectively. In fine roots, the corresponding element concentrations are 434.03 mg·g^-1, 13.54 mg·g^-1, 1.13 mg·g^-1. N and P concentrations in leaf are approximately twice as high as averages in fine root. Furthermore, similar N:P between leaf and fine root indicates conservative characteristic of elemental stoichiometry in plant organism, suggesting that nutrients distribution is proportional between aboveground and underground of plants. There are significant difference of C, N, P, C:N, C:P and N:P in leaf and root among five life forms. N and P in forb and C:N and C:P in grass are averagely higher than those in other life forms. N:P in annual forb and grass, however, are lower than those in other life forms. C, N in legume are higher than those in non-legume, while C:N in legume is lower than in non-legume. These results imply that nutrient use strategies are significantly different among plant life forms. Correlations analysis showed that N and P in leaf or fine root positively correlated, but C and N, C and P in fine root negatively correlated, suggesting coupling relationship among C, N and P in leaf and fine root. Subsequently, we detected positively significant correlations in C, N, P and their ratios between leaf and fine root, suggesting proportional distribution of photosynthate and nutrient between aboveground and underground during plant growth. Generally, these results supplied fundamental data to understand mass turnover and nutrients cycling of leaves and roots in sand land.     

Stoichiometry in aboveground and fine roots of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Seriphidium korovinii</Emphasis> in desert grassland in response to artificial nitrogen addition

Nitrogen (N) input by atmospheric deposition and human activity enhances the availability of N in various ecosystems, which may further affect N and phosphorus (P) cycling and use by plants. However, the internal use of N, P, and N:P stoichiometry by plants in response to N supply, particularly for grass species in a desert steppe ecosystem, remains unclear. In this work, a field experiment was conducted at an infertile area in a desert steppe to investigate the effects of N fertilizer addition rates on the stoichiometry of N and P in a dominant grass species, Seriphidium korovinii. Results showed that for both aboveground and fine roots of S. korovinii, N inputs exponentially increased the N concentration and N:P ratios while P concentrations decreased. Meanwhile, the relationships between N and P concentrations for both aboveground and fine roots were significantly negative. Furthermore, while the N concentrations in the plants were relatively low, P concentrations were higher than the global means, resulting in a relatively low N:P ratio. These results suggest that the stoichiometric characteristics of N were different from that of P for this desert plant species. Results also show that the intraspecific variations in the main element traits (N, P, and N:P ratios) were consistent at the whole-plant level. Our results also suggest that N should be part of any short-term fertilization plan that is part of a management strategy designed to restore degraded desert grassland. These findings highlight that nutrient addition by atmospheric N deposition and human activity can have significant effects on the internal use of N and P by plants. Therefore, establishing a nutrient-conservation strategy for desert grasslands is important.     

Effects of different nitrogen:phosphorus levels on the growth and ecological stoichiometry of Glycyrrhiza uralensis

Aims The increase in atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has accelerated N cycling of ecosystems, probably resulting in increases in phosphorus (P) demand of ecosystems. Studies on the effects of artificial N:P treatment on the growth and carbon (C), N, P ecological stoichiometry of desert steppe species could provide not only a new insight into the forecasting of how the interaction between soils and plants responses to long-term atmospheric N deposition increase, but also a scientific guidance for sustainable management of grassland in northern China under global climate change. Methods Based on a pot-cultured experiment conducted for Glycyrrhiza uralensis (an N-fixing species) during 2013 to 2014, we studied the effects of different N:P supply ratios (all pots were treated with the same amount of N but with different amounts of P) on aboveground biomass, root biomass, root/shoot ratio, and C:N:P ecological stoichiometry both in G. uralensis (leaves and roots) and in soils. Additionally, through the correlation analyses between biomass and C:N:P ecological stoichiometry in leaves, roots, and soils, we compared the differences among the C:N:P ecological stoichiometry of the three pools, and discussed the indication of C:N:P ecological stoichiometry in soils for the growth and nutrient uptake of G. uralensis. Important findings The results showed that, reducing N:P decreased C:P and N:P ratios both in G. uralensis (leaves and roots) and in soils but increased aboveground biomass and root biomass of G. uralensis, indicating that low to moderate P addition increased P availability of soils and P uptake of G. uralensis. However, excessive low N:P (high P addition) led to great decreases in soil C:P and N:P ratios, thus hindering N uptake and the growth of G. uralensis. C:N:P ratios in the two pools of G. uralensis (especially in leaves) had close correlations with soil C:N:P ratio, indicating that the change in soil C:N:P ratio would have a direct influence on plants. Our results suggest that, through regulating C:N:P ratio in leaves and soils, appropriate amounts of P addition could balance soil P supply and plant P demand and compensate the opposite influences of long-term atmospheric N deposition increase on the structure of desert steppe.     

Effects of different nitrogen:phosphorus levels on the growth and ecological stoichiometry of Glycyrrhiza uralensis北大核心CSCD

Aims The increase in atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has accelerated N cycling of ecosystems, probably resulting in increases in phosphorus (P) demand of ecosystems. Studies on the effects of artificial N:P treatment on the growth and carbon (C), N, P ecological stoichiometry of desert steppe species could provide not only a new insight into the forecasting of how the interaction between soils and plants responses to long-term atmospheric N deposition increase, but also a scientific guidance for sustainable management of grassland in northern China under global climate change. Methods Based on a pot-cultured experiment conducted for Glycyrrhiza uralensis (an N-fixing species) during 2013 to 2014, we studied the effects of different N:P supply ratios (all pots were treated with the same amount of N but with different amounts of P) on aboveground biomass, root biomass, root/shoot ratio, and C:N:P ecological stoichiometry both in G. uralensis (leaves and roots) and in soils. Additionally, through the correlation analyses between biomass and C:N:P ecological stoichiometry in leaves, roots, and soils, we compared the differences among the C:N:P ecological stoichiometry of the three pools, and discussed the indication of C:N:P ecological stoichiometry in soils for the growth and nutrient uptake of G. uralensis. Important findings The results showed that, reducing N:P decreased C:P and N:P ratios both in G. uralensis (leaves and roots) and in soils but increased aboveground biomass and root biomass of G. uralensis, indicating that low to moderate P addition increased P availability of soils and P uptake of G. uralensis. However, excessive low N:P (high P addition) led to great decreases in soil C:P and N:P ratios, thus hindering N uptake and the growth of G. uralensis. C:N:P ratios in the two pools of G. uralensis (especially in leaves) had close correlations with soil C:N:P ratio, indicating that the change in soil C:N:P ratio would have a direct influence on plants. Our results suggest that, through regulating C:N:P ratio in leaves and soils, appropriate amounts of P addition could balance soil P supply and plant P demand and compensate the opposite influences of long-term atmospheric N deposition increase on the structure of desert steppe.