安徽发现腹侧颈部白化的几内亚长翼蝠

2006年10月24日，在安徽省六安市金寨县响洪甸水库附近的矿洞中捕捉到1只腹侧颈部白化的雌性几内亚长翼蝠（Miniopterus magnater：Chiroptera，Vespertilionidae），该只白化个体的体重、头体长、前臂长、胫骨长、后足长、尾长、耳长和耳宽分别为14.4 g、50.1 mm、48.2 mm、20.7 mm、9.3 mm、51.2 mm、10.7 mm和8.8 mm，均在正常个体数据范围之内。     

广西发现版纳鱼螈白化幼体一例

2007年5月,在广西北流市六麻镇捕到一例雄性版纳鱼螈(Ichthyophis bannanicus)白化幼体。该个体完全白化。体重9.1 g,全长195 mm,尾长3.85 mm,体宽10.36 mm,吻长3.09 mm,尾鳍高5.71 mm,吻端至第一环沟9.47 mm,吻端至第二环沟13.41 mm,鼻间距2.42 mm,眼间距5.17 mm。与正常个体对比发现:该白化幼体的尾长、体宽、尾鳍高大于正常范围,吻端至第二环沟小于正常范围,其余数据均在正常范围内。     

毛腿鼠耳蝠、亚洲长翼蝠和栗鼠耳蝠斑驳白化现象

斑驳白化是一种先天性颜色失调表型,在翼手目中较为罕见。2016年5月至8月期间,分别在3个省份共发现3种存在斑驳白化现象蝙蝠。在河南省内乡县七里坪乡北湾村,发现1只怀孕雌性斑驳白化毛腿鼠耳蝠(Myotis fimbriatus),斑驳区域包括背部左侧区域及腹部左侧边缘一带。在陕西省柞水县下梁镇,发现1只怀孕雌性斑驳白化亚洲长翼蝠(Miniopterus fuliginosus),斑驳部位包括背部下端、腹部底端股骨边缘、左右股骨、尾骨及小部分尾膜区域。在云南省晋宁县双河乡法古甸村,发现2只斑驳白化雄性栗鼠耳蝠(Myotis badius),斑驳区域分别为背部左下侧和背颈部一侧,区域面积较小。其中,毛腿鼠耳蝠和栗鼠耳蝠的斑驳白化现象为国内首次报道。此外,通过测量蝙蝠体重、前臂长等体型参数,并与同种正常个体进行比较,发现斑驳白化亚洲长翼蝠体重偏大,1只斑驳白化栗鼠耳蝠前臂长偏大,其余斑驳白化蝙蝠体型数据均在正常范围内,表明斑驳白化现象对蝙蝠的正常生存与繁殖未造成严重影响。这为将来斑驳白化蝙蝠的生理生态研究提供科学依据。     

北京小龙门林场发现一例白化银喉长尾山雀

1998年6月13日,我们在北京小龙门林场进行鸟类环志时网捕到一例白化银喉长尾山雀(Ae githalos caudatus vinaceus).该网捕地位于林场南沟沟谷(海拔为1400m)的落叶阔叶林带,主要树种为胡桃楸(Juglans mandshurica)、辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis )和柳(Salix spp.)等.同时网捕到4只银喉长尾山雀,其中1只为白化个体.此白化个体的鸣叫、飞行等行为与其它3只个体无异.根据我们的观察,这4只鸟应为同一家族群的个体.     

白化猕猴(Macaca mulatta)的染色体研究 CHROMOSOME STUDY OF AN ALBINAL RHESUS MONKEY(MACACA MULATTA)

我所于1980年从云南省永胜县获得一只雄性白化猕猴,取名“南南”,现年约5岁,经检疫和体格检查表明,该动物发育正常,健康状况良好(见图1)。根据遗传学的研究显示,白化动物与白化人一样,其白化性状的遗传多受常染色体隐性基因的控制,因此白化个体极为罕见。鉴于这只白化猕猴在国内大陆系首次发现,十分珍贵,故作者认为深入进行白化猕猴的细胞遗传学的研究是非常必要的。     

封面说明

1979年,在云南省永胜县捕获一只雄性白猴——白化猕猴,现在昆明动物研究所定居。经鉴定,这只白猴是属于白化个体。遗传研究表明,动物白化性状的遗传是受常染色体隐性基因的控制,即以异合型状态潜伏几个世代,直到在有性生殖过程中遇到相同的隐性基因突变,结合成隐性纯合子,才会显示出来的白化性状,因此白化个体较罕见。它与一般猕猴外形的不同是:全身被毛白色,皮肤粉红;指(趾)角质透明:眼睛虹膜浅蓝灰色,瞳孔红亮,由于眼底缺     

广西发现局部白化中蹄蝠幼仔一例

2008年6月,在广西桂林市郊冷水塘村发现一例白化雌性中蹄蝠(Hipposideros larvatus)幼仔,属局部白化现象,白化区域包括背部中线靠右侧的小区域以及尾膜边缘和右足.该中蹄蝠幼仔前臂长49.1mm,体重10.8 g.     

稚绿海龟Chelonia mydas白化个体及畸形卵的观察

2001年, 广东惠东港口海龟国家级自然保护区管理局在 1000 多枚绿海龟的卵孵化过程中, 发现一例白化稚绿海龟 (见封3图版, 1)。现报道如下。白化稚绿海龟通体白色; 背甲、腹甲和四肢发育正常, 其量度见表 1。背甲卵圆形, 中央隆起,椎盾5枚, 肋盾8枚, 颈盾2枚, 左侧缘盾12枚,表1　白化稚绿海龟 (编重量体长背甲长背甲宽腹甲长腹甲宽15 2 53 38 40 9 35 3 25 01 23 36 　　人类白化病患者眼睛呈肉红色[1]。白化龟、白化鳖眼睛曾出现红色和黑色两种现象。该稚绿海龟白化个体因无眼睛, 故不知其…     

白化猕猴(Macaca mulatta)的研究

1979年在云南省永胜县捕获一只雄性白化猕猴(Macaca mulatta)。遗传学研究表明:人类的白化性状是受常染色体上隐性基因的控制,即以异合型状态潜伏几个世代,直到在有性生殖过程中,在同一个体里有两个对白化性状负责的基因同时存在时,才会显示白化性状,因此白化个体较少。在猴类中,白化现象的遗传基础,是否也是一个常染色体上的隐性基因对之负责,过去未见报导,我们开始进行了一点交配试验,它与三只正常雌性猕猴交配所产生的子代(2♂;1♀)都不是白化的,我们准备继续观察这些后代彼此交配及回交后所得出的结果,用来确定在猴类中白化现象的遗传方式。     

四川短尾鼩体色异常一例

<正>2014年10月25日,作者在四川省成都市龙泉驿区龙安村四川师范大学成龙校区旁(104°12'31.46″E,30°33'38.56″N)通过铗日法捕获到1只体色异常的四川短尾鼩Anourosorex squamipes个体。将其带回实验室进行测量、解剖,并放于-20℃保存。现存于四川师范大学生命科学学院生态学研究室。形态特征描述:该个体雌性,体质量52.4 g,体长122 mm,尾长11 mm,后足长18 mm。颅全长27.66 mm,颅基底长26.14 mm,颅高8.67 mm,基长25.05 mm,基底长23.47 mm,鼻骨长12.58 mm,鼻骨宽7.33 mm,后头宽10.98 mm,颧宽     

广东省二种兽类新纪录一鼩猬(Neotetracus sinensis)和短尾鼩(Anourosorex squamipes)

2009年9月,在广东省南岭国家级自然保护区石坑崆(24°55’7″N,112°59’4″E;海拔1831～1895m)进行动物考察时采集到一批兽类标本。经鉴定,其中鼩猬(Neotetracus sinensis)和短尾鼩     

两种穿山甲外形量衡度的测定及比较

There are 7 species of pangolin in the world. This paper deah with the measurement of some morphology indices in Manis petadactyla and Mania javanica. Measured variables included the body weight, the total body length, the length of head and body, the length of tail,the length of protruding rim of external ear, the length of hind feet, the length of middle claws of fore feet, the length of middle claws of hind feet, the number of rows of scales round mid-body, the number of single flank scales of edge tail. All variables measured were compared respectively between this 2 species. The results indicated that: ( 1 ) there were no signifieant differences in body weight and length of hind feet between this 2 species, but differences in the other variables were extremely significant. (21 The ratio of the length of middle claws of hind feet and fore feet in Mania pentadactyla was less than 1/2 ( n = 48 ), while Mania jaw, nica was more than 1/2 ( n = 15 ) ; the length of protruding rim of external ear in Mania pentadactyla was over 10 mm { n = 38 ), whereas Manis javanica was under 10 mm { n = 13 ) ; the number of single flank scales of edge tail in Mania pentadactyla was not beyond 21 (n = 65), and Mania javanica exeeeded 21 (n = 14) . So the ratio of the length of middle claws of hind feet and fore feet, the length of protruding rim of external ear, arid the ntunber of single flank scales of edge tail should be regard as distinctive features and taxonomic indices between this 2 species. (3) The relationships between body weight ( Y) and the total body length, the length of head and body, the length of tail {X) were positive correlation, and satisfied relation equation Y= aX^b.     

Auditory brainstem responses to airborne sounds in the aquatic frog Xenopus laevis: correlation with middle ear characteristics

In this study we recorded auditory brainstem responses to airborne sounds to determine the hearing sensitivity of Xenopus laevis frogs and correlated their hearing profiles with middle ear characteristics. In newly metamorphosed frogs (body mass 0.5–0.76 gm, snout-vent length 17–20 mm) best hearing sensitivities were measured in the 2.4–2.8 kHz range, whereas optimal hearing sensitivity of older adults (body mass 18–90 gm; snout-vent length 57–100 mm) ranged from 1.0 to 1.2 kHz. Middle ear volumes reconstructed from serial sections showed approximate volume of 0.002 cc and 0.04–0.07 cc in newly metamorphosed and older frogs, respectively. This inverse frequency–volume relationship is consistent with the properties of an acoustic resonator indicating that differences in best hearing sensitivity are at least in part correlated to variation in middle ear volumes for airborne sounds. These results are consistent with peak frequency vibrational velocity profiles of Xenopus tympanic disk that have been shown to be dependent on underlying middle ear volumes and corroborate the occurrence of peak amplitudes of otoacoustic emissions in the 1.0–1.2 kHz region in adult Xenopus frogs.     

Human ears grow throughout the entire lifetime according to complicated and sexually dimorphic patterns--conclusions from a cross-sectional analysis

In most of its anatomical constituents, e.g. in the Helix, etc., the external human ear is homologous to that of all Primates and Scandentia (tree shrews). Thus, its genetic basis is largely older than 60 Mio yrs. Based upon the observation of lifelong growth of the ear (e.g. Montacer-Kuhssary 1959), we aimed to elucidate the growth of the human ear in a more detailed way throughout life and in both sexes. On standardized photographical material collected randomly in Berlin (Germany), we measured N = 1448 ears from neonate children to volunteers of 92 yrs in age. 10 longitudinal measurements and 5 further anatomical parameters yielded a data set of roughly 19,000 data in total. Based upon our cross-section analysis, we quantified several sexual dimorphisms. Furthermore, we deduced ontogenetic developments and, partially, corrected their proportions for secular acceleration and body height shrinking with age. At the time of birth, in proportion to the body, the external ear was even bigger than the large head and continued growing rather linearly throughout life, reaching the highest average lengths in the volunteers aged over 85 yrs. The large yearly increases during childhood began to diminish at as early an age as 8 or 10 yrs. In all parameters where post adult growth was observed, female ears showed a lesser increase than those of men. The greatest ear length in females was 52 mm (SD +/- 4.3 mm) at birth, 61 mm (SD +/- 3.9 mm) at around 20 yrs of age and 72 mm (SD +/- 4.6 mm) in women older than 70 yrs. For the male subjects, these three values were: 52 mm (SD +/- 4.1 mm), 65 mm (SD +/- 4.0 mm) and 78 mm (SD +/- 4.8 mm), respectively. In spite of extreme premature growth of the auricle and its further lifelong growth, three anatomical features of the ear did practically not grow at all after birth: the width of the Concha auriculae and of the Incisura intertragica, as well as the diameter of the helical brim of the auricle. The problems arising concerning the functions and selective values of all these very unusual proportions and growths are discussed. The ontogenetic development of one or more pretragal skin folds could be used as a contribution to age estimations in forensic anthropology.     

笼养褐马鸡冬季的社群等级

本文用BBS方法（Batchelder-Bershad-Simpson Scaling Method)对笼养褐马鸡的社群等级进行了排序,发现其等级制度为近单线式。成鸟的等级明显高于亚成体,成年雄鸟的等级明显高于成年雌鸟,成年个体的等级与体重呈显著正相关,与面部红斑大小及耳簇羽长呈极显著正相关,全体14只鸟的体重与体长及耳簇羽长呈显著正相关,与面部红斑大小呈极显著正相关。体重可以认为是直接与个体的争斗实力相关的参数,而面部红斑大小,耳簇羽长则可能是个体争斗实力的外在信号,在体重相近的雌性个体中,面部红斑和耳簇羽对社群等级有很大的影响。褐马鸡的争斗炫耀可能是以面部为中心的。     

广东发现二种局部白化蝙蝠

动物的白化主要是由于动物的黑色素细胞缺乏或者黑色素生成发生障碍所导致的一种体色异常现象。白化现象有完全白化和局部白化两种,部分白化指皮肤、毛发等的局部白化;完全白化是指由于完全缺少黑色素,皮肤和毛发白色,眼睛红色,可     

贵州习水发现亚洲宽耳蝠

物种分布是物种的生物地理学基本特征,能反映生物多样性的重要信息。近年来,翼手目(Chiroptera)蝙蝠科(Vespertilionidae)宽耳蝠属(Barbastella)物种分布记录不断增加。根据形态学特征和地理分布,基本可区分宽耳蝠属的不同物种。2019年8月16日于贵州省习水县同民镇雷声村用网捕法采集到1只雄性宽耳蝠。该样本前臂长36.16mm;外耳廓近似方形,具有明显横嵴;双耳在额部相连;耳外缘无耳突;耳屏呈三角形,耳屏长(6.92 mm)约为耳长(13.81 mm)的一半。经鉴定,该物种为亚洲宽耳蝠(Barbastella leucomelas),是贵州省翼手目分布新记录种。     

云南蝠蛾属一新种及生物学特性研究

1985至1987年,作者于云南西北部人支雪山冬虫夏草主产地采到一批寄主昆虫,经研究,确认是该地产虫草的优势寄主之一,是蝠蛾属(Hepialus)一新种,并对其生活史及生态习性进行了观察,现描述和报道如下。模式标本保存于中国科学院昆明动物研究所。     

Tall men with medium body fat mass percentage display more developmental stability

A symmetrical body may signal the ability of an individual to cope with developmental perturbations and may thus be considered a ‘health certificate’. It is known that symmetrical men are considered more attractive by women and that their reproductive success is higher. This study examined the associations between measures of body structure and fluctuating asymmetry in young Turkish men. Weight, height, and bioelectrical impedance were measured in a sample of 250 men residing in Ankara (mean age = 18.4, SD = 0.6), and body mass index was calculated. Fluctuating asymmetry was measured using hand length, hand width, elbow width, wrist width, knee width, ankle width, foot length, foot width, ear length, and ear width. According to the obtained findings, there is a negative linear relationship between composite fluctuating asymmetry (CFA) and height, and a positive quadratic relationship between CFA and fat mass. These results might indicate that the tall Turkish men with medium body fat mass percentage display more developmental stability.     

妊娠黑麂（Muntiacus crinifrons）大体解剖分析

为黑麂的保护和人工繁殖提供生物学资料,对一只因盗猎致死的妊娠黑麂进行了解剖。其特点是：上腭有15排腭褶;上颌右侧犬齿脱落,前臼齿和臼齿的齿冠磨损较严重,齿式为0·1·3·3/3·1·3·3=34;瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃、皱胃容积分别为71.6%、9.4%、11.4%、7.6%;小肠7248 mm、大肠5269 mm,分别是体长的6.9倍和5.0倍;肝3叶,重598.5 g,无胆囊;左肺3叶,右肺4叶,重474.4 g;心脏重184 g,占身体总重量的0.8%;双角子宫,胚胎重98.5 g,长14.8 mm,胚体弯曲呈＂C＂形,眼泡明显,鼻窝、耳泡、鳃弓、肢芽出现。