三叶斑潜蝇发育起点温度和有效积温的研究

不同恒温条件下测定了三叶斑潜蝇Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess)各虫态的发育历期,并用直线回归法计算出各虫态的发育起点温度和有效积温.结果表明,三叶斑潜蝇的历期、发育速率与温度间相关性明显,其卵、幼虫、蛹及全世代发育起点温度分别为9.20℃、10.80℃、6.43℃、8.40℃,有效积温分别为68...     

玉米螟赤眼蜂发育起点温度和有效积温的研究

<正> 玉米螟赤眼蜂 Trichogramma ostriniaePang et Chen是本地玉米螟卵期的优势蜂,常年在玉米田对玉米螟卵的寄生率高达70～80％,是影响玉米螟发生的主要因素。为充分利用玉米螟赤眼蜂的控制作用,1990年我们在室内变温条件下对玉米螟赤眼蜂的发育起点温度和有效积温进行了研究。     

国槐尺蠖发育起点温度与有效积温

在恒温20,23,25,27,30℃下,对沈阳市国槐尺蠖Semiothisa cinerearia Bremeret Grey各虫态的发育历期,发育起点温度和有效积温进行了研究。结果表明,随着温度的升高,发育历期逐渐缩短;国槐尺蠖卵,幼虫,蛹,成虫期和世代发育起点温度C分别为(4.20±0.95),(5.80±0.95),(8.28±0.30),(16.92±0.50)和(9.06±0.21)℃。相应的有效积温K分别为(71.3±2.3),(300.5±14.3),(354.2±8.3),(52.4±2.59)和(752.76±10.5)日.度。根据发育起点温度和有效积温,预测出国槐尺蠖在沈阳的年发生代数为3.4～3.6代,其结果符合实际发生情况。     

金银花尺蠖发育起点温度和有效积温的研究

利用光照培养箱,在16、19、22、25、28、31和34℃7个恒温条件下饲养金银花尺蠖Heterolocha jinyinhuaphaga Chu,对其各虫态的发育历期、发育起点温度和有效积温进行了研究。结果表明,该虫在16～34℃的温度范围内均能正常生长发育,但各虫态的发育历期随温度变化而变化,在31℃以下的温度时,发育历期随温度的升高而缩短,超过31℃时,发育速度反而减慢,发育历期则逐渐延长;卵、幼虫、蛹、产卵前期和整个世代的发育起点温度分别为9.42、11.44、5.42、13.98和9.74℃,有效积温分别为122.64、303.15、195.95、39.15和673.03日.度;根据有效积温法则预测该虫在滁州市1年的理论发生代数为3.07代,这与实际发生情况基本相符合。     

刺槐叶瘿蚊发育起点温度和有效积温

在实验室条件下对刺槐叶瘿蚊Obolodiplosis robiniae(Haldemann)发育历期、发育起点温度和有效积温进行研究。结果表明,随着温度的升高,发育历期缩短;刺槐叶瘿蚊的卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫和全世代的发育起点温度分别为4.51,6.15,4.79和14.17℃,有效积温分别为62.20,281.42,124.45和55.48日.度;整个世代的发育起点温度为8.01℃,有效积温为506.93日.度;刺槐叶瘿蚊在秦皇岛年发生代数的预测值为5.12~5.76代。     

椰心叶甲啮小蜂发育起点温度和有效积温研究

椰心叶甲啮小蜂Tetrastichus brontispae Ferriere在实验室内,相对湿度75±5%,光周期L:D=12:12,温度16℃,20℃,24℃,28℃条件下,世代平均历期分别为53.7天,28.0天,21.2天,16.2天.其卯、幼虫、蛹及整个世代的发育起始点温度分别为13.15±0.49℃,10.25±0.44℃,12.41±0.57℃,10.50±0.89℃;有效积温分别为15.35±0.76日度,107.21±3.76日度,113.60±6.22日度,281.50±7.05日度.椰心叶甲啮小蜂生长发育历期随温度的升高而缩短,与温度的关系符合指数函数:y=226.19667e-0.096991x.     

苹果绵蚜蚜小蜂发育历期、发育起点温度和有效积温的研究

本文以苹果绵蚜为繁殖寄主,研究了苹果绵蚜蚜小蜂在不同温度下的发育历期、发育起点温度和有效积温。结果显示:苹果绵蚜蚜小蜂的发育历期随温度的升高而缩短,最适发育温度为21℃-27℃。山东地区越冬代苹果绵蚜蚜小蜂打破滞育的发育起点温度为雌蜂8.58℃,雄蜂8.22℃;有效积温为雌蜂148.72日度,雄蜂154.68日度。非越冬代苹果绵蚜蚜小蜂在卵-羽化阶段发育起点温度为雌蜂5.62℃,雄蜂5.55℃;有效积温为雌蜂284.40日度,雄蜂为295.61日度。并推测了2008年济南地区苹果绵蚜蚜小蜂发生代数和越冬代羽化时间,与实测情况基本相符。     

榆黄毛萤叶甲的发育起点温度与有效积温的测定

【目的】有效防控榆黄毛萤叶甲Pyrrhalta maculicollis(Mots.)在吐鲁番地区的危害。【方法】本研究在室内设置22、25、28、31和34℃5个温度梯度,分别测定榆黄毛萤叶甲各虫态的发育历期,并以有效积温法则和"最小二乘法"计算出榆黄毛萤叶甲各虫态的发育起点温度和有效积温。【结果】卵、幼虫、蛹、产卵前期及全世代的发育起点温度分别为13.83、12.64、12.48、14.63和14.01℃,有效积温分别为83.99、186.32、121.50、185.42和550.54日·度。榆黄毛萤叶甲发育速率与温度的关系分别采用线性日度模型式和Logistic曲线模型式进行拟合,建立各虫态发育速率与温度关系模型。由Lagrange中值定理求出各虫态的发育最适温度、适宜温区,其全世代的分别为:Tmid为28.23℃、Tmin为14.36℃、Tmax为42.11℃。【结论】明确了榆黄毛萤叶甲各虫态的发育起点温度及有效积温,计算出了各虫态的理论发育最适温度及适宜温区,为准确预报榆黄毛萤叶甲发生期及有效防治提供理论依据。     

家蝇发育起点温度和有效积温

在5种温度下,对家蝇的发育起点温度和有效积温进行了研究。结果表明,家蝇在不同发育阶段发育起点温度和有效积温不同,且不同发育阶段对两者的要求也不一致。世代的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为13.6℃和196.4日.度,控制发育进度的理论为T=196.4/N+(13.6±0.5)。     

豆蚜发育起点温度和有效积温的研究

本文研究了豆蚜孤雌胎生蚜在实验室条件下的发育起点温度和有效积温。结果表明,长沙地区豆蚜孤雌胎生蚜全世代发育起点温度和有效积温分别为2.6±0.81℃和175.3±15.7日度。相对湿度在50％以下对豆蚜发育有抑制作用,而在50～90％之间对发育无多大影响。自然光周期对豆蚜发育几乎无影响(冬季可能的滞育型个体除外)。豆蚜在湖南每年发生的理论代数为29～32±4.3代。     

利用柞蚕卵繁殖的松毛虫赤眼蜂的适宜冷贮虫期和温度

我国普遍利用柞蚕Antheraea pernyi卵大量繁殖和释放赤眼蜂防治多种农林害虫。对赤眼蜂进行冷贮有助于其商品化生产、运输和释放应用。为了全面评价冷贮对柞蚕卵繁殖赤眼蜂的影响,作者采用柞蚕卵为寄主,以贮存温度（4℃、7℃、10℃和13℃）、贮存虫期（卵、幼虫、预蛹和蛹期）和贮存时间（2周、4周、6周和8周）为参试因子,研究了冷贮对松毛虫赤眼蜂Trichogramma dendrolimi羽化出蜂率、单卵出蜂数、单卵雌蜂比的影响。结果表明,3个因素均可单独或互作显著影响羽化出蜂率和单卵出蜂数,尤以贮存虫期的影响更为明显;但3个因素对单卵出蜂性比影响不大。综合各冷贮虫期对低温的反应,松毛虫赤眼蜂对10℃反应最敏感,各虫期羽化出蜂率和单卵出蜂数明显降低,不适宜长期冷贮;对7℃反应相对较不敏感,最适宜长期贮存。在适宜长期冷贮温度（4℃和7℃）条件下,适宜贮存虫期有所不同,4℃下为幼虫期和蛹期,7℃下为卵期和蛹期,在这些虫期和贮存温度条件组合下羽化出峰率和单卵出蜂数相对于其他虫期受冷贮的不利影响较小。从对羽化出蜂率的影响来看,于卵期7℃下冷贮为最适宜;从对单卵出蜂数的影响来看,于蛹期在4℃和7℃冷贮为适宜。     

The reproductive capability of Ooencyrtus kuvanae reared on eggs of the factitious host Antheraea pernyi

Ooencyrtus kuvanae is a key egg parasitoid of Lymantria dispar (L.), an important defoliating pest in China and North America. We have developed mass rearing techniques for O. kuvanae and in this study compared the reproductive capacity of O. kuvanae when it was previously reared on the natural host, L. dispar or the factitious host, Antheraea pernyi Guerin‐Meneville. There was no significant difference in the oviposition period or total number of eggs laid between L. dispar‐reared and A. pernyi‐reared females. However, the mean number of offspring successfully emerging from those eggs was significantly larger from the A. pernyi‐reared females compared with L. dispar‐reared females. From this, we can conclude that, with respect to reproductive capability, eggs of A. pernyi are suitable factitious hosts for mass rearing of O. kuvanae.     

变温条件下禾谷缢管蚜发育起点温度和有效积温研究

在室内自然变温条件下测定了禾谷缢管蚜的生长发育速率。对试验结果采用2种计算方法,结果表明,直接最优化法稍优于直线回归法,由前者得出的发育起点温度为：无翅蚜全若蚜期5．50℃、有翅蚜全若蚜期5.36℃和全世代5．26℃;有效积温分别为105．69、132．28和125．40日度。根据发育起点温度和有效积温,预测了199年平凉、甘谷和兰州的理论发生代数;用有效积温公式预测了各发育阶段的历期;各发育阶段的最适温度由多项式回归法求得。     

温度对麦蛾卵繁育的玉米螟赤眼蜂发育和生殖的影响

玉米螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma ostriniae Pang et Chen是玉米螟的重要卵寄生性天敌,控制适宜的温度有利于室内大规模繁育。本试验以麦蛾卵为寄主,研究了不同温度(18℃、20℃、23℃、25℃、28℃、30℃、33℃、36℃)对玉米螟赤眼蜂的寿命、生殖力、子代羽化率和发育历期的影响。结果表明,20℃-25℃条件下雌蜂寿命最长,达7.9-9.0 d。在18℃-30℃亲代生殖力和子代羽化率无显著差异,亲代产卵量为40.9-61.7粒;羽化率为74.31%-84.22%。玉米螟赤眼蜂从卵到羽化的发育历期随温度的升高而显著缩短,由18℃时的22.6 d缩短至33℃的7.0 d。36℃时,雌蜂的寿命仅为0.56 d,且不能进行正常的生殖活动。因此,室内用麦蛾卵大规模繁育玉米螟赤眼蜂,适宜的温度为28℃-30℃;仅保存蜂种时,可选用温度18℃-20℃。     

Cold storage of Trichogramma ostriniae reared on Sitotroga cerealella eggs

Efficient storage of the biological controlagent Trichogramma ostriniae couldimprove current parasitoid production methodsby making the system more flexible andefficient. Initial studies compared emergencerates of T. ostriniae reared onSitotroga cerealella eggs held at 6 °C, 9 °C, 12 °C,15 °C, and 24 °C for up to 8 weeks after parasitism.At 15 °C, emergence occurred in <2 weeks.Emeregence was >80% for parasitized eggsstored at 9 °C and 12 °C for 4 and 6 weeksrespectively. Storage at 6 °C caused asignificant decline in emergence after 2 weeks. Subsequent trials focused on fitness of storedT. ostriniae. Percentage of emergedfemales parasitizing eggs, female longevity,and fecundity were quantified after storage.The percentage of females successfullyparasitizing O. nubilalis eggs wasgreatest for the 9 °C four-week treatment(100%). Compared to 24 °C controls, storage at12 °C for 6 weeks or at 9 °C for 8 weeks reduced thepercentage of females parasitizing. Longevityof females held in cold storage was generallyless than that of controls. Rates of parasitismby stored Trichogramma was generallysimilar to controls after 2 to 4 weeks' storageat 9 °C and 12 °C but declined with storage longerthan 4 weeks. Emergence of progeny of cold-storedfemales was lower than controls for alltreatments. The percentage of female progenyfrom cold stored females was comparable tocontrols up to 4 weeks of storage.     

美洲斑潜蝇发育起点温度及有效积温研究

设置6个温度12个湿度对美洲斑潜蝇卵、幼虫、蛹的发育速率进行了测定,结果表明：温度是影响孩虫发育的最重要因素;分别运用直线回归法和优选法计算发育起点温度和有效积温,结果是优选法的精确度较高;用优选法所得卵、幼虫、蛹和全世代的发育起点温度分别为9．2、6．4、10．8、11．0℃,有效积温分别为4O．2、78．0、129．0、218．9日度。     

阿里山潜蝇茧蜂Fopius arisanus的发育起点温度和有效积温

对橘小实蝇卵寄生蜂阿里山潜蝇茧蜂Fopius arisanus(Sonan)的发育起点温度和有效积温进行了研究。结果表明,阿里山潜蝇茧蜂的卵、幼虫、蛹、雌成虫、雄成虫和世代的发育起点温度分别为9.7、8.8、8.5、8.7、8.7和9.3℃;有效积温分别为25.2.200.2、133.6、344.4、242.8和440.2日度。在19-31℃之间,阿里山潜蝇茧蜂的发育历期随温度的升高而缩短。     

柞蚕卵繁殖赤眼蜂实验种群生命表的编制与分析

通过解剖柞蚕卵统计赤眼蜂幼期存活率与生殖力数据的方法,编制了松毛虫赤眼蜂在柞蚕卵上繁殖的实验种群生命表,松毛虫赤眼蜂在柞蚕卵上的单雌平均产卵量为86．15粒,赤眼蜂的卵、幼虫、蛹的各期存活率分别为1．00、0．9186、0．8895;羽化率为0．8668;种群趋势指数Ⅰ为54．48可见,大卵(柞蚕卵)繁蜂与小卵(如米蛾卵)繁蜂不同,大卵繁蜂时的幼期死亡率接近30％,是一个不可忽视的因素,文中还讨论了净生殖力R0、Ⅰ、内禀增长率rm3个重要生命表参数计算及其相互关系,认为R0和Ⅰ在生物学意义上相同,由Ⅰ值也可计算rm。     

Biological characteristics and thermal requirements of a Brazilian strain of the parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum reared on eggs of Pseudoplusia includens and Anticarsia gemmatalis

A new strain of the parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum, was collected in Rio Verde County, State of Goiás, Central Brazil, and designated as T. pretiosum RV. This strain was then found to be the most effective one among several different strains of T. pretiosum tested in a parasitoid selection assay. Therefore, its biological characteristics and thermal requirements were studied, aiming at allowing its multiplication under controlled environmental conditions in the laboratory. The parasitoid was reared on eggs of Pseudoplusia includens and Anticarsia gemmatalis at different constant temperatures within an 18–32 °C temperature range. The number of annual generations of the parasitoid was also estimated at those temperatures. Results have shown that T. pretiosum RV developmental time, from egg to adult, was influenced by all temperatures tested within the range, varying from 6.8 to 20.3 days and 6.0 to 17.0 days on eggs of P. includens and A. gemmatalis, respectively. The emergence of T. pretiosum RV from eggs of A. gemmatalis was higher than 94% at all temperatures tested. When this variable was evaluated on eggs of P. includens, however, the figures were higher than that within the 18–30 °C range (more than 98%), and were also statistically higher than the emergence observed at 32 °C (90.2%). The sex ratio of the parasitoids emerged from eggs of A. gemmatalis decreased from 0.55 to 0.29 at 18–32 °C, respectively. However, for those emerged from eggs of P. includens, the sex ratio was similar (0.73, 0.72 and 0.71) at 20, 28 and 32 °C, respectively. The lower temperature threshold (Tb) and thermal constant (K) were 10.65 °C and 151.25 degree-days when the parasitoid was reared on eggs of P. includens; and 11.64 °C and 127.60 degree-days when reared on eggs of A. gemmatalis. The number of generations per month increased from 1.45 to 4.23 and from 1.49 to 4.79 when the parasitoid was reared on eggs of P. includens and A. gemmatalis, respectively, following the increases in the temperature.     

不同温度下稻螟赤眼蜂在黏虫卵上的种群生命表

稻螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead是水稻二化螟Chilo suppressalis(Walker)的优势卵寄生蜂。本文构建了以黏虫卵为中间寄主,稻螟赤眼蜂在20℃、25℃、30℃、33℃四个温度条件下的生命表。研究结果表明利用黏虫卵繁育稻螟赤眼蜂时,不同温度下其生长发育和繁殖均存在显著差异,雌蜂平均寿命随温度的升高呈下降趋势,在20℃条件下,雌蜂平均寿命为1.44 d,显著长于其它温度,当温度为30~33℃时,雌蜂寿命最短,平均为0.59 d。在温度为20℃和25℃时,稻螟赤眼蜂的羽化率显著高于温度较高的30℃和33℃,平均为94.73%。在25℃条件下,黏虫卵繁育的稻螟赤眼蜂的净生殖力(R 0)最大,达到31.9176,单雌寄生卵数最多,为32.88个,表现出最强的繁殖能力,而在30℃条件下,瞬时增长率r m和周限增长率λ达到最大值。综合生命表参数、单雌寄生黏虫卵数、寿命、羽化率等指标,利用黏虫卵工厂化繁殖稻螟赤眼蜂的最佳温度为25℃。本研究为利用黏虫卵大量繁殖稻螟赤眼蜂提供了有价值的参考。