徐淮地区新元古代叠层石组合

徐淮地区新元古代海相碳酸盐岩地层分布广泛,其中由微生物生命活动形成的叠层石十分发育,构成了各种形态及规模的礁体,文内拟就该区地层序列中叠层石组合及其演变过程,讨论其环境的变迁及区域地层对比,根据徐淮地区叠层石组合的层位分布特点,可划分为3个亚组合,自上而下分别为：亚组合I,星散分布于贾园组,赵圩组及九里桥组,以Baicalia,Jurusania,Inzeria,Crassphloem,Grmnosolen及Stratifera为特征,形成小型点礁和生物丘,亚组合Ⅱ。广泛分布于倪园组,九顶山组,张渠组,魏集组,史家组,望山组及四顶山组,包括Conophyton,Jacutophyton,Acaciella,Baicalia,Jurusania,Linella,Tungussia,Anabaria,Minjaria,Katavia,Gymnosolen,Colonnella及Stratifera等多种类型,建造起巨大而复杂的堡礁,堤礁,斑礁,环礁及生物丘／层,亚组合Ⅲ,仅见于金山寨组,以Boxonia,Xiehiella及Anabaria为主,构成中型的点礁及生物丘,这套叠层石组合面貌,造礁规模及多样化程度说明,它们显然形成于新元古代大冰期之前的叠层石繁盛期,其层位大致可与我国华北及东北青白口系上部,俄罗斯上里菲系及澳大利亚苦泉组的叠层石组合对比。     

论锥叠层石群(Conophyton)的形态发生——对苏北新元古代九顶山组一个似锥叠层石的剖析

根据对苏北新元古代九顶山组似锥叠层石标本的剖析,初步揭示构成似Conophyton叠层石的微生物席可以分为两类.这两类席被作者称为\"开端微生物席(first microbial mat)”和\"继承微生物席(succedent microbial mat)”.它们在整个叠层石发生和发育过程中起作不同作用.Conophyton叠层石的形态发生可能与开端微生物席的造型有着密切联系,这类微生物席在叠层石形成过程中起作生长\"芽”或模具作用.继承微生物席仅仅起作叠层石的增高或增大的作用,它的发育经常受环境制约.     

新元古代奇异叠层石和凝块石中可疑的动物活动证据

在湖北保康马桥地区,新元古代神农架群石家冲组产出一套奇异的叠层石,凝块石和叠层石－凝块石联合体。其中叠层石具类似于食草和钻孔动物破坏的疤痕,通过对上述构造形态和特征分析,这些构造可能与后生动物的活动有关,但也不排除它们是非生物成因的可能。这些后生动物似乎已显示高度发育的行为。当前的资料表明,在凝块石构造与食草和钻孔动物生态效应之间似乎存在着一种紧密的联系,在生物进化史上,寒武纪生命大爆发似乎仅是一     

淮南地区新元古代九里桥组叠层石成礁过程及其影响因素

淮南地区新元古代九里桥组中段灰岩中发育有形态多变的叠层石礁体,具有与显生宙生物礁相似的相分异特征,基底、礁核、盖层、礁前、礁后、礁翼等不同微相可以明确区分,定殖期、拓殖期、泛殖期和衰亡期等不同造礁阶段的叠层石柱体变化特征明显。该组叠层石礁体自下而上分别为分散分布的小型丘状礁体、连绵分布的大型丘状礁体和分散分布的小型丘状礁体或透镜状礁体,该变化趋势指示了九里桥组沉积时期海平面先升高后降低的变化趋势,结合该组沉积期沉积环境变化特征可将该组叠层石礁体划分为风暴环境型礁体、海进环境型礁体和海退环境型礁体三种类型。对九里桥组沉积学、古生物学等研究表明,该组沉积时期造叠层石生物与其它生物之间存在较强的生存竞争关系,但更能适应风暴沉积环境,叠层石在该组沉积晚期的消失很可能与以海平面变化为特征的沉积构造环境变化有关。     

论我国新元古代微体浮游植物化石及其生物地层意义

由于我国南,北方新元古代构造复杂,地层不整合,古生物的不同和同位素年龄数据的差别,两地区新元古代地层的对比长期未能解决。近年来,对我国南、北方过渡地区,如安徽淮南,东秦岭北坡等一些新元古代地层典型剖面的详细研究,新的和更加充实的古生物证据,同位素年龄,碳稳定同位素等资料表明,研究地区的中,晚元古代地层与扬子地台震旦系或燕山地区青白口系都不能对比。基于已发表的微体植物化石资料,概要总结我国新元古代生     

贵州瓮安新元古代陡山沱组磷酸盐化管柱状微体化石新材料

在用醋酸浸泡处理采自贵州瓮安新元古代陡山沱组磷酸质岩石样品时,获得大量微体动物骨骼化石。文中重点报道部分管柱状微体化石,即：Sinoquadraticus poratus gen.et sp.nov和Sinoquadraticus wenganensis gen. et sp.nov.。并对Sinocyclocylicus的部分特征进行补充。     

黔东北新元古代陡山沱期宏体藻类的固着器特征及其沉积环境意义

产于贵州江口新元古界陡山沱组上部黑色碳质泥岩和硅质泥岩中的宏体生物群,多数为发育固着器的固着底栖生物。宏体藻类固着器的形态和保存方式可提供生物群生活环境和埋藏环境的信息。黔东北陡山沱期宏体生物群生活于相对平静、较为清澈的水体之中,固着基底为富含水份的粥性基底。可能与洋流有关的水流事件将宏体藻类折断或“连根”拔起;水流事件之后,沉积物将宏体藻类的遗体掩埋于还原性较强的环境之中,新生的和水流事件未致死亡的宏体生物在新的沉积物表面上继续生长。     

淮南地区新元古代九里桥组的疑源类化石组合及其生物地层学意义

淮南地区新元古代九里桥组主要由砂质和泥质灰岩、叠层石灰岩以及白云质灰岩组成,含有著名的“淮南生物群”的重要分子。研究采用浸解法在该组碳酸盐岩中发现了大量的疑源类化石,它们以球形亚类为主,在组合面貌上继承了其下伏刘老碑组的疑源类组合特征。但化石个体较大,多细胞植物碎片含量明显增加,化石在不同层位的分布不均匀是九里桥组疑源类组合的显著特征。另外在该组中还发现了一些新的疑源类化石如：Bailikania diligena,?Lomentunella vagtinata Hermann。文中还对九里桥组的凝源类组合与宏体化石、叠层石礁体的发育之间的关系等进行了探讨。     

Polysaccharides of Calcareous Algae and Their Effect on the Calcification Process

The composition and structure of polysaccharides from several groups of calcareous algae (including calcareous cyanobacteria), which differ in the calcification mode (extracellular, cell wall, or intracellular), are reviewed. Two families of marine algae, Corallinaceae (Rhodophyta) and Coccolithophoraceae (Prymnesiophyta = Haptophyta), are considered in detail; they exhibit the cell wall and intracellular calcification modes, respectively, and synthesize unusual polysaccharides that seem to directly participate in the calcification process.     

湖北宜昌樟村坪陡山沱组微体化石新资料

湖北宜昌樟村坪磷矿陡山沱组化石组合主要包括球状蓝菌Archaeophycus venustus,丝状蓝菌Siphono-phycus,Oscillatoriopsis,Polytrichoides和Salome hubeiensis,以及多细胞藻类化石Wengania和可能的Sarcino-phycus。化石主要产于陡山沱组上部白云岩的硅磷质条带和结核中。樟村坪磷矿陡山沱组化石组合的发现进一步表明华南扬子地区陡山沱组燧石相具有和磷块岩相中类似的化石组合。     

Discovery of the mineral brucite (magnesium hydroxide) in the tropical calcifying alga Polystrata dura (Peyssonneliales,Rhodophyta)

Red algae of the family Peyssonneliaceae typically form thin crusts impregnated with aragonite. Here, we report the first discovery of brucite in a thick red algal crust (~1 cm) formed by the peyssonnelioid species Polystrata dura from Papua New Guinea. Cells of P. dura were found to be infilled by the magnesium‐rich mineral brucite [Mg(OH)₂]; minor amounts of magnesite and calcite were also detected. We propose that cell infill may be associated with the development of thick (> ~5 mm) calcified red algal crusts, integral components of tropical biotic reefs. If brucite infill within the P. dura crust enhances resistance to dissolution similarly to crustose coralline algae that infill with dolomite, then these crusts would be more resilient to future ocean acidification than crusts without infill.     

Effect of inhibitors on calcium carbonate deposition mediated by freshwater algae

Nine green algae, a diatom and three cyanobacteria were shown to precipitate CaCO₃ in batch culture, when grown in the light in a hard water medium containing 68 mg L⁻¹ soluble calcium. The composition of the medium was based on that found in a natural hardwater marina where precipitation of CaCO₃ within algal biofilms occurred. Deposition occurred as a direct result of photosynthesis which caused an increase in the pH of the medium. Once a critical pH had been reached, typically approximately pH 9.0, precipitation began evidenced by a fall in the concentration of soluble calcium in the medium. Certain characteristics of the precipitation process displayed by the diatom Navicula sp. were different to those of the other algae. All algae produced extracellular crystals of irregular morphology. Using a standardized protocol employing the green algae Chlorococcum sp. and Stigeoclonium variabile, the effects of various inhibitors of CaCO₃ nucleation or growth of crystals were studied. Fifteen compounds were screened and assessed for their performance in this context. Most materials effectively delayed deposition of CaCO₃, many decreased precipitation rates and all had a marked effect on crystal morphology. The most effective compound was HEDP (1-hydroxyethylene 1,1 diphosphonic acid), which inhibited precipitation completely at a concentration of 2.5 mg L⁻¹ The use of such compounds to reduce the precipitation of calcium salts within algal biofilms in natural hard waters is discussed.     

广东省鼎湖山钼矿区亚气生蓝藻的反射光谱特性

亚气生蓝藻（Ｃｙａｎｏｐｈｙｃｅａｅ）的反射光谱,在反射红外谱区（７７０—１０００ ｎｍ ）缺少绿色种子植物的高反射平台峰,反射率曲线平缓． 在矿体含钼量不同的矿化土壤上生长的亚气生蓝藻和矿区外缘正常土壤上生长的亚气生蓝藻,不但其细胞富集钼与矿化土壤的含钼量呈正相关关系,而且,亚气生蓝藻反射率与蓝藻细胞含钼量也呈正相关关系．在反射红外区矿化土壤上生长的钼矿蓝藻反射率明显地较矿区外缘正常土壤上生长的蓝藻高１３％ —２７％