Immunochemical Difference of Wound-Induced 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Synthase from the Auxin-Induced Enzyme

Immunochemical cross-reactivity of wound- and auxin-induced1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase was examinedwith the antibody against wound-induced ACC synthase purifiedfrom mesocarp of winter squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch.). Theantibody recognized ACC synthase from wounded hypocotyls ofwinter squash and from wounded pericarp of tomato fruits, butnot the enzyme from IAA-treated hypocotyls of winter squash,tomato and mung bean. These results indicate that the primarystructure of the wound-induced enzyme is different from thatof the auxin-induced enzyme in the same species, and impliesthat there are two different genes for ACC synthase, one forwound induction and the other for auxin induction. (Received June 14, 1988; Accepted July 20, 1988)     

桃ACC合酶基因的分离及其差异表达

利用5'/3'RACE FCR技术,从桃（Prunus persica(L.)Batsch）果实中克隆了植物乙烯生物合成的关键酶-ACC合酶的全长cDNA pacs,对pacs基因进行全序列测定表明,该基因全长1848个碱基,编码区1449个碱基,5'端有177个碱基的非编码区序列,3'端有219个碱基的非编码区序列（不包括终止密码子TAA）。pacs基因编码区共编码483个氨基酸,蛋白质大小为54kd,等电点为6.43。pacs与番茄（S19677）、梅（AB031026)、番木瓜（U68216）、苹果（AB034993）等其他植物ACC合酶cDNA氨基酸序列同源性分别为65%、70%、90%,并存在与这些ACC合酶氨pacs12(af467782)在叶片和花中基因表达模式基本一致,伤处理和IAA均能诱导叶片pacs和pacs12基因的表达,但pacs在伤处理叶片的表达水平比pacs12高;pacs和pacs12基因在果实表达有所不同,pacs在绿熟和成熟果实中均有表达,而pacs12在绿熟果实中基本检测不同,在成熟果实中才有表达,两在果实中的表达水平比伤处理和IAA处理叶片和花中要低。     

桃ACC合酶基因的分离及其差异表达

利用5′/3′RACE PCR技术,从桃(Prunus persica (L.) Batsch)果实中克隆了植物乙烯生物合成的关键酶--ACC合酶的全长cDNA pacs,对pacs基因进行全序列测定表明,该基因全长1 848个碱基,编码区为1 449个碱基,5′端有177个碱基的非编码区序列,3′端有219个碱基的非编码区序列(不包括终止密码子TAA).pacs基因编码区共编码483个氨基酸,蛋白质大小为54 kD,等电点为6.43.pacs与番茄(S19677)、梅(AB031026)、番木瓜(U68216)、苹果(AB034993)等其他植物ACC合酶cDNA氨基酸序列同源性分别为65%、70%、75%、90%,并存在与这些ACC合酶氨基酸的活性位点保守序列SLSKDMGFPGFR.RT-PCR结合杂交分析表明,pacs和我们以前克隆的桃ACC合酶cDNA pacs12(AF467782)在叶片和花中基因表达模式基本一致,伤处理和IAA均能诱导叶片pacs 和pacs12基因的表达,但pacs在伤处理叶片的表达水平比pacs12高;pacs 和pacs12基因在果实表达有所不同,pacs在绿熟和成熟果实中均有表达,而pacs12在绿熟果实中基本检测不到,在成熟果实中才有表达,两者在果实中的表达水平比伤处理和IAA处理叶片和花中要低.     

Molecular Cloning and Sequence of a Complementary DNA Encoding 1-Aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylate Synthase Induced by Tissue Wounding

1-Aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylate (ACC) synthase [EC 4.4.1.14 [EC] ]is the key enzyme regulating ethylene biosynthesis in higherplants. A complementary DNA encoding wound-induced ACC synthasefrom mesocarp of winter squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch.) fruitswas cloned, and its complete nucleotide sequence determined.The cloned cDNA contained an open reading frame of 1479 basepairs encoding a sequence of 493 amino acids. Identificationof the cDNA was accomplished by expression of active enzymein Escherichia coli harboring the cDNA and by the presence ofa partial amino acid sequence identical to that found in thepurified enzyme. A putative pyridoxal phosphate binding siteof the enzyme is suggested. Northern blot analysis showed thatthe ACC synthase gene was activated by tissue wounding, andits expression was repressed by ethylene. Genomic Southern analysisindicates the presence of at least another sequence which weaklyhybridizes with the cDNA. (Received June 26, 1990; Accepted August 7, 1990)     

Differential Expression of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Synthase and Oxidase Gene Family in Micro-Tom Tomato Leaves and Roots Under Short Daily UV Radiation

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation - Few studies focussed on the effects of UV radiation on ethylene (ET) production, thus little is known about the changes in the expression of the ET biosynthetic...     

Properties and Partial Purification of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Synthase

We studied the regulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase activity in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit tissue and attempted the purification of this enzyme. The increase of ACC synthase activity in wounded tomato pericarp was inhibited by cordycepin and cycloheximide. Density labeling studies showed a 0.75% increase in the buoyant density of ACC synthase isolated from tomato pericarp tissue that had been incubated on ²H₂O as compared to ACC synthase from H₂O-treated tissue. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that ACC synthase is synthesized de novo following wounding of tomato pericarp tissue. SDS-gel electrophoresis and fluorography showed that the pattern of incorporation of l-[³⁵S]methionine into protein changed with time after wounding of the tissue. Radioactive protein bands that were not detected 1 hour after wounding, became apparent 2 to 3 hours after wounding.     

Molecular Size of Wound-Induced 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Synthase from Cucurbita maxima Duch. and Change of Translatable mRNA of the Enzyme after Wounding

Wound-induced 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthasewas purified by an immunoaffinity column from wounded mesocarpof winter squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch. cv. Ebisu) fruit, anda specific antibody was raised in rabbit. Translatable mRNAcoding for ACC synthase was barely detectable in fresh tissuebut clearly increased after wounding. The apparent molecularsize of the purified enzyme as estimated by SDS-polyacrylamidegel electrophoresis (PAGE) was about 50 kDa. However, SDS-PAGEfluorograms of in vitro translation product of ACC synthasemRNA and the in vivo labeled enzyme as well as Western blotanalysis showed that the subunit size of the enzyme was 58 kDa.The enzyme was partially degraded or processed to a 50 kDa peptideboth in vivo and in vitro. (Received December 19, 1987; Accepted June 13, 1988)     

全雌系苦瓜ACC合成酶基因cDNA克隆及序列分析

以全雌系苦瓜‘X-Hei-d-d’花蕾为材料,根据已报道ACC合成酶(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase,ACS)保守氨基酸序列设计简并引物,采用RT-PCR技术及序列拼接,获得了全雌系苦瓜ACS基因cDNA序列,命名为Mc-ACS4(GenBank登录号:FJ459814)。该序列包含一个1 455 bp的完整开放阅读框,编码484个氨基酸,具有7个保守区;系统进化上与普通苦瓜ACS基因首先聚类,同源性达99%,二者仅有2个氨基酸差异,推测可能与全雌系苦瓜性别分化有关。     

Regulation of Auxin-induced Ethylene Biosynthesis. Repression of Inductive Formation of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Synthase by Ethylene

Changes in the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthaseactivity which regulates auxin-induced ethylene production werestudied in etiolated mung bean hypocotyl segments. Increasesboth in ethylene production and ACC synthase activity in tissuetreated with IAA and BA were severely inhibited by cycloheximide(CHI), 2-(4-methyl-2,6-dinitroanilino)-N-methylpropionamide,actinomycin D and -amanitin. Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG),a potent inhibitor of the ACC synthase reaction, increased theactivity of the enzyme in the tissue 3- to 4-fold. This stimulationalso was severely inhibited by the above inhibitors. Stimulationof the increase in the enzyme content by AVG was partially suppressedby an exogenous supply of ACC or ethylene. Suppression of theincrease in the enzyme took place with 0.3 µl/liter ethylene,and inhibition was increased to 10 µl/liter, which caused65% suppression. Air-flow incubation of the AVG-treated tissue,which greatly decreased the ethylene concentration surroundingthe tissue, further increased the amount of enzyme. Thus, oneeffect of AVG is to decrease the ethylene concentration insidethe tissue. The apparent half life of ACC synthase activity,measured by the administration of CHI, was estimated as about25 min. AVG lengthened the half life of the activity about 2-fold.Feedback repression by ethylene in the biosynthetic pathwayof auxin-induced ethylene is discussed in relation to the effectof AVG. (Received January 22, 1982; Accepted March 26, 1982)     

盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)中SsINPS基因的分子克隆及表达特性分析

肌醇 1 磷酸 (I 1 P)合成酶 (EC5 .5 .1 .4,INPS)是肌醇生物合成中的关键酶 ,催化葡萄糖 6 磷酸 (G 6 P)到I 1 P的反应。从该实验室已构建的NaCl40 0mmol/L处理的盐地碱蓬 (Suaedasal sa)cDNA文库中克隆了肌醇 1 磷酸合成酶的全长cDNA (S .salsamyo inositol 1 phosphatesynthase,SsINPS) ,基因注册号为AF43 3 879。SsINPS全长约 1 986bp ,含有开放式阅读框架 1 5 3 0bp ,3′和 5′的非翻译区分别为 1 3 9bp和 3 1 7bp ;推导的氨基酸序列全长 5 1 0个氨基酸残基 ,分子量约为 5 6 .7kD ,pI值为 5 .3 5。BLAST同源性分析表明 ,该cDNA与已报告的冰叶日中花 (Mesembryanthemumcrys tallinum)的INPS基因同源性最高 ,其中 ,核苷酸水平的同源性为 91 % ,氨基酸水平上的同源性为84%。以SsINPS全长cDNA为探针进行的South ern杂交结果表明 ,SsINPS基因在盐地碱蓬基因组中只有一个拷贝 ;Northern结果表明 ,在盐处理(40 0mmol/L的NaCl)下 ,SsINPS在叶中的表达量有显著的增加。从而说明SsINPS在盐胁迫下是上升调节的     

ACC脱氨酶的应用研究进展与评述

ACC脱氨酶是一种有效降低逆境乙烯含量的外源促生物质,该酶在干旱、盐胁迫及重金属污染等逆境条件下能显著提高农作物的抗逆性和增加产量,深入挖掘ACC脱氨酶的应用价值对农业可持续发展具有重要的意义.该文综述了ACC脱氨酶的作用机制及酶活性的影响因素,并重点论述了ACC脱氨酶在提高作物抗逆性及产量和转基因技术等方面应用研究进展.分析了关于拓展ACC脱氨酶取材和应用范围,量化含ACC脱氨酶的根际微生物定殖能力等问题,并展望了 ACC脱氨酶在植物修复领域的应用以及建立ACC脱氨酶转基因技术体系等方面的研究前景和意义.     

牡丹ACC合成酶ACS1基因的克隆与原核表达

从牡丹‘洛阳红’(Paeonia suffruticosa‘ Luo Yang Hong’)花瓣中提取总RNA,根据GenBank上牡丹ACC合成酶基因PsACS的序列设计引物,通过RT-PCR获得牡丹PsACS1基因序列,包含一个1 479 bp的开放阅读框,编码492个氨基酸.将PsACS1基因cDNA片段与pET28a(+)构建原核表达载体pET-ACS1,转化大肠杆菌E.coli BL21 (DE3).0.4 mmol/LIPTG诱导3h后,在预期的蛋白分子量55 kD处出现1条表达加强的蛋白条带.为进一步目的蛋白的纯化和鉴定提供试验基础.     

Cloning of a Complementary DNA that Encodes an Acidic Chitinase which is Induced by Ethylene and Expression of the Corresponding Gene

A complementary DNA encoding an ethylene-inducible acidic chitinaseof azuki bean (Vigna angularis) was isolated, and its completenucleotide sequence was determined. The nucleotide and deducedamino-acid sequence were very similar to those of an acidicchitinase from cucumber leaves that had been infected with tobacconecrosis virus. The mRNA for the acidic chitinase was not detectedin leaves of azuki bean that had not been treated with ethylene,but it appeared 3 h after initiation of treatment with ethyleneand its level gradually increased over a period of 19 h. ThemRNA also accumulated in response to salicylate or wounding.The expression of the gene in response to wounding was suppressedby 2,5-norbornadiene, but that in response to salicylate wasnot affected by this inhibitor. (Received May 19, 1992; Accepted November 2, 1992)     

Complementary DNA Cloning and Chromosomal Mapping of a Novel Phosphatidylinositol Kinase Gene

A cDNA for a putative new member for phosphatidylinositol kinasefamily was cloned from an adult human whole brain cDNA library.The predicted translation product was composed of 961 aminoacid residues and contained a sequence feature characteristicfor lipid/protein kinases. The messenger RNA was ubiquitouslyexpressed in various tissues, while relatively higher expressionwas observed in heart, skeletal muscle and testis. The chromosomallocation of the gene was determined by fluorescence in situhybridization and PCR-based analyses with both a human/rodentmonochromosomal hybrid cell panel and a radiation hybrid mappingpanel.     

一个新的茶树黄酮醇合酶基因的克隆和表达分析

Cs—COR113（GenBank登录号：FE942098）为一受冷诱导的茶树黄酮醇合酶基因的cDNA片段,采用RACE技术克隆了这一基因的全长cDNA,命名为CsFLS（GenBank登录号：FJ577509）。CsFLScDNA序列全长为1303bp,5＇-UTR和3’-UTR分别长91bp和175bp,包含一个编码336个氨基酸的完整开放阅读框。序列分析显示,CsFLS与烟草、矮牵牛、欧芹、拟南芥的黄酮醇合酶的同源性分别为74％、75％、75％和63％,含有2-酮戊二酸依赖性双加氧酶家族2个保守的基序,以及与黄酮醇合酶正确折叠有关的2个保守的甘氨酸残基。CsFLS的表达受低温诱导,但不受ABA诱导。