Albirhodobacter marinus gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Rhodobacteraceae isolated from sea shore water of Visakhapatnam, India

A novel marine, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain N9^T, was isolated from a water sample of the sea shore at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh (India). Strain N9^T was found to be positive for oxidase and catalase activities. The fatty acids were found to be dominated by C_16:0, C_18:1 ω7c and summed in feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c). Strain N9^T was determined to contain Q-10 as the major respiratory quinone and phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two aminophospholipids, two phospholipids and four unidentified lipids as polar lipids. The DNA G+C content of the strain N9^T was found to be 63 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Rhodobacter johrii, Pseudorhodobacter ferrugineus, Rhodobacter azotoformans, Rhodobacter ovatus and Pseudorhodobacter aquimaris were the nearest phylogenetic neighbours, with pair-wise sequence similarities of 95.43, 95.36, 94.24, 95.31, 95.60 and 94.74 %, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain N9^T formed a distinct branch within the family Rhodobacteraceae and clustered with the clade comprising species of the genus Pseudorhodobacter, together with species of the genera Roseicitreum, Roseinatronobacter, Roseibaca and Rhodobaca. Species of the genus Pseudorhodobacter are phylogenetically close with a 16S rRNA gene sequence dissimilarity of 5.9–7.3 % (92.7–94.1 % similarity). Based on the above-mentioned phenotypic characteristics and on phylogenetic inference, strain N9^T is proposed as a representative of a new genus and a novel species of the family Rhodobacteraceae as Albirhodobacter marinus gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Albirhodobacter marinus is N9 (= MTCC 11277^T = JCM 17680^T).     

Marine star-shaped-aggregate-forming bacteria: Agrobacterium atlanticum sp. nov.; Agrobacterium meteori sp. nov.; Agrobacterium ferrugineum sp. nov., nom. rev.; Agrobacterium gelatinovorum sp. nov., nom. rev.; and Agrobacterium stellulatum sp. nov., nom. rev.

Two new species of aerobic, gram-negative, peritrichously flagellated or nonmotile marine bacteria usually forming star-shaped aggregates were isolated from northeastern Atlantic Ocean bottom sediments. These organisms resembled eight star-shaped-aggregate-forming bacterial species from the Baltic Sea originally ascribed to the genus Agrobacterium but not included on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names because of their questionable relationships to true agrobacteria. These two sets of star-shaped-aggregate-forming bacteria were compared by means of phenotypic data, DNA base compositions, DNA-DNA relatedness, and one-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of low-molecular-weight RNAs (5S rRNA and tRNA). According to the results of genotyping, the northeastern Atlantic Ocean isolates and three of the Baltic Sea species formed a group of closely related bacteria that could not be excluded from the genus Agrobacterium with certainty. Until more genotypic data are available, these five marine species are regarded as a distinct subdivision of the genus Agrobacterium consisting of Agrobacterium atlanticum sp. nov. (type strain, 1480T = DSM 5823T), A. meteori sp. nov. (type strain, 1513T = DSM 5824T), A. ferrugineum sp. nov. nom. rev. emend. (type strain, ATCC 25652T), A. gelatinovorum sp. nov. nom. rev. emend. (type strain, ATCC 25655T), and A. stellulatum sp. nov. nom. rev. emend. (type strain, ATCC 15215T). "A. aggregatum" proved to be a later subjective synonym of A. stellulatum, which had priority. The remaining four Baltic Sea species, "A. agile," "A. kieliense," "A. luteum," and "A. sanguineum," could not be placed in the new subdivision of Agrobacterium.     

Vibrio neonatus sp. nov. and Vibrio ezurae sp. nov. isolated from the gut of Japanese abalones

Five alginolytic, facultative anaerobic, non-motile bacteria were isolated from the gut of Japanese abalones (Haliotis discus discus, H. diversicolor diversicolor and H. diversicolor aquatilis). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and gap gene sequences indicated that these strains are closely related to V. halioticoli. DNA-DNA hybridizations, FAFLP fingerprintings, and phylogenies of gap and 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the five strains represent two species different from all currently described vibrios. The names Vibrio neonatus sp. nov. (IAM 15060T = LMG 19973T = HDD3-1T; mol% G+C of DNA is 42.1-43.9), and Vibrio ezurae sp. nov. (IAM 15061T = LMG 19970T = HDS1-1T; mol% G+C of DNA is 43.6-44.8) are proposed to encompass these new taxa. The two new species can be differentiated from V. halioticoli on the basis of several features, including beta-galactosidase activity, assimilation of glycerol, D-mannose and D-gluconate.     

Endozoicomonas elysicola gen. nov., sp. nov., a gamma-proteobacterium isolated from the sea slug Elysia ornata

A Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-formed bacterium, strain MKT110(T), was isolated from a mollusk, the sea slug Elysia ornata collected in seawater off the coast of Izu-Miyake Island, Japan at a depth of 15m. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis indicated that the isolate MKT110(T) constituted a novel lineage in gamma-proteobacteria related to the genera Zooshikella, Oceanospirillum, Microbulbifer, Marinobacter, Saccharospirillum and Pseudomonas. The strain MKT110(T) was closely related to the clones from marine sponge Halichondria okadai (AB054136, AB054161) and the coral Pocillopora damicornis (AY700600, AY700601). The phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that MKT110(T) and four clones formed a sub-lineage related to the genus Zooshikella, with a bootstrap value of 100%. MKT110(T) required salt for its growth and was mesophilic. The bacterium contained 16:1omega7c, 16:0 and 14:0 as major cellular fatty acids, and 3-OH 14:0, 3-OH 10:0 and 3-OH 12:0 as major hydroxy fatty acids. The DNA base composition of the isolate was 50.4 mol% G+C. The major quinone was Q-9. The bacterium is distinguished from currently recognized bacterial genera based on phylogenetic and phenotypic features and should be classified in a novel genus for which the name Endozoicomonas elysicola gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. (type strain MKT110(T)=IAM 15107(T)=KCTC 12372(T); GenBank accession no. AB196667).     

Paraliobacillus ryukyuensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new Gram-positive,slightly halophilic,extremely halotolerant,facultative anaerobe isolated from a decomposing marine alga

A slightly halophilic, extremely halotolerant, alkaliphilic, and facultatively anaerobic rod bacterium was isolated from a decomposing marine alga collected in Okinawa, Japan. The isolate, designated O15-7(T), was Gram-positive, endospore-forming, catalase-positive, menaquinone-7-possessing bacterium that is motile by peritrichous flagella. The isolate was an inhabitant of marine environments; the optimum NaCl concentration for growth was 0.75-3.0% (w/v) with a range of 0-22.0%, and the optimum pH was 7.0-8.5 with a range of 5.5-9.5. Catalase was produced in aerobic cultivation but not in anaerobic cultivation. Carbohydrate, sugar alcohol or a related carbon compound was required for growth. In aerobic cultivation, the isolate produced pyruvate, acetate and CO(2) from glucose, and in anaerobic cultivation, it produced lactate, formate, acetate and ethanol with a molar ratio of approximately 2 : 1 : 1 for the last three products. No gas was produced anaerobically. Lactate yield per consumed glucose was markedly affected by the pH of the fermentation medium: 51% at pH 6.5 and 8% at pH 9.0. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. Phylogenetically, the isolate occupied an independent lineage within the group composed of the halophilic/halotolerant/alkaliphilic and/or alkalitolerant species in Bacillus rRNA group 1 with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 95.2% to the genus Gracilibacillus. For this isolate, Paraliobacillus ryukyuensis gen. nov., sp. nov. was proposed. The type strain, O15-7(T) (G+C535.6 mol%), has been deposited in the DSMZ, IAM, NBRC, and NRIC (DSM 15140(T)=IAM 15001(T)=NBRC 10001(T)=NRIC 0520(T)).     

Acinetobacter marinus sp. nov. and Acinetobacter seohaensis sp. nov., isolated from sea water of the Yellow Sea in Korea

Two Gram-negative, nonmotile, coccobacilli, SW-3T and SW-100T, were isolated from sea water of the Yellow Sea in Korea. Strains SW-3T and SW-100T contained ubiquinone-9 (Q-9) as the predominant respiratory lipoquinone and C18:1 omega9c and C16:0 as the major fatty acids. The DNA G+C contents of strains SW-3T and SW-100T were 44.1 mol% and 41.9 mol%, respectively. A neighbor-joining tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the two isolates fell within the evolutionary radiation enclosed by the genus Acinetobacter. Strains SW-3T and SW-100T exhibited a 16S rRNA gene similarity value of 95.7% and a mean DNA-DNA relatedness level of 9.2%. Strain SW-3T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity levels of 93.5-96.9% to the validly described Acinetobacter species and fifteen Acinetobacter genomic species. Strain SW-100T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity levels of less than 97.0% to the other Acinetobacter species except Acinetobacter towneri DSM 14962T (98.0% similarity). Strains SW-3T and SW-100T exhibited mean levels of DNA-DNA relatedness of 7.3-16.7% to the type strains of some phylogenetically related Acinetobacter species. On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genetic data, strains SW-3T and SW-100T were classified in the genus Acinetobacter as two distinct novel species, for which the names Acinetobacter marinus sp. nov. (type strain SW-3T=KCTC 12259T=DSM 16312T) and Acinetobacter seohaensis sp. nov. (type strain SW-100T=KCTC 12260T=DSM 16313T) are proposed, respectively.     

Phylogenetic analysis of Alysiella and related genera of Neisseriaceae: proposal of Alysiella crassa comb. nov., Conchiformibium steedae gen. nov., comb. nov., Conchiformibium kuhniae sp. nov. and Bergeriella denitrificans gen. nov., comb. nov

A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences reveals that Alysiella filiformis belongs to the family Neisseriaceae. The genus Simonsiella is phylogenetically separated by the genera Kingella and Neisseria. The species Simonsiella crassa and A. filiformis show a close phylogenetic relationship, with the 16S rDNA sequence similarity and the DNA-DNA hybridization representing 98.7% and 35%, respectively. Therefore, S. crassa should be transferred from the genus Simonsiella to the genus Alysiella as Alysiella crassa comb. nov. Simonsiella steedae and Simonsiella sp. of cat origin show strong genetic affinities and are distantly related with the type species of Simonsiella, S. mulleri. Thus, a new genus, Conchiformibium is proposed; Conchiformibium steedae comb. nov. and Conchiformibium kuhniae sp. nov. are accommodated in this new genus. On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic distinction from the genus Neisseria, N. denitrificans should be reclassified, for which a new genus and new combination Bergeriella denitrificans are proposed.     

Nocardioides halotolerans sp. nov., isolated from soil on Bigeum Island, Korea

A strictly aerobic, Gram-positive, motile, coccoid-shaped, halotolerant actinobacterium (10% NaCl, w/v), designated MSL-23^T, was isolated from a soil sample on Bigeum Island, Korea. Results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the isolate belonged to the genus Nocardioides, with the highest sequence similarity (95.63%) being to Nocardioides kribbensis KCTC 19038^T. The major menaquinone was MK-8(H₄), and the predominant cellular fatty acids were i-C_16:0, ai-C_17:0, C_18:1 ω9c and 10-methyl-C_16:0. The DNA G+C content was 69.7 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MSL 23^T and its chemotaxonomic properties showed it to be unique in the genus Nocardioides. Phenotypic characteristics distinguished strain MSL-23^T from other Nocardioides species. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data strain MSL-23^T represents a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides halotolerans sp. nov. is proposed, with MSL-23^T (=KCTC 19274^T=DSM 19273^T) as the type strain.     

Methylobacterium soli sp. nov. a methanol-utilizing bacterium isolated from the forest soil

A Gram-negative, pink-pigmented, non-spore-forming rod shaped, methanol-utilizing bacterium, strain YIM 48816(T), was isolated from forest soil collected from Sichuan province, China. Strain YIM 48816(T) can grow at 4-37 °C, pH 5.0-7.0 and 0% NaCl (w/v). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, it belonged to the genus Methylobacterium, and formed a phyletic line. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were 96.2% to Methylobacterium mesophilicum DSM 1708(T) and 96.0% to Methylobacterium brachiatum DSM 19569(T), and the phylogenetic similarities to all other Methylobacterium species with validly published names were less than 96.0%. The major menaquinones detected were Q-10 (97.14%) and Q-9 (2.86%). The major fatty acids were C18:1 ω7c (80.84%). The DNA G + C content was 66.2 mol%. It is apparent from the genotypic and phenotypic data that strain YIM 48816(T) belongs to a novel species of the genus Methylobacterium, for which the name Methylobacterium soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 48816(T) (CCTCC AA 208027(T) = KCTC 22810(T)).     

Halomonas alkalitolerans sp. nov., a novel moderately halophilic bacteriun isolated from soda meadow saline soil in Daqing, China

A moderately halophilic bacterial strain 15-13(T), which was isolated from soda meadow saline soil in Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province, China, was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The cells of strain 15-13 were found to be Gram-negative, rod-shaped, and motile. The required growth conditions for strain 15-13(T) were: 1-23% NaCl (optimum, 7%), 10-50°C (optimum, 35°C), and pH 7.0-11.0 (optimum, pH 9.5). The predominant cellular fatty acids were C(18:1) ω7c (60.48%) and C(16:0) (13.96%). The DNA G+C content was 67.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain 15-13(T) clustered within a branch comprising species of the genus Halomonas. The closest phylogenetic neighbor of strain 15-13(T) was Halomonas pantelleriensis DSM 9661(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolated strain and H pantelleriensis DSM 9661(T) was 33.8%. On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain 15-13(T) represents a novel species of the genus Halomonas, for which the name Halomonas alkalitolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain for this novel species is 15-13(T) (=CGMCC 1.9129(T) =NBRC 106539(T)).     

Characterization of Porphyrobacter sanguineus sp. nov., an aerobic bacteriochlorophyll-containing bacterium capable of degrading biphenyl and dibenzofuran

Three strains of " Agrobacterium sanguineum", an aerobic marine bacterial species described previously, were re-characterized from phylogenetic and taxonomic viewpoints. 16S rDNA sequence comparisons showed that the " A. sanguineum" strains belong to the alpha-4 subgroup of alpha-Proteobacteria, with members of the genera Erythromicrobium and Porphyrobacter as their closest relatives. DNA-DNA hybridization studies indicated that the " A. sanguineum" strains were distinguishable from any previously known species of these genera. Bacteriochlorophyll a, monosaccharide-type glycosphingolipids, 2-OH fatty acids of C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, and C16:1, and ubiquinone-10 were detected in the " A. sanguineum" strains. The G+C of the DNA was 63.8-64.0 mol%. Two of the " A. sanguineum" strains, IAM 12620 (=ATCC 25659) and ATCC 25661, were able to grow with biphenyl and dibenzofuran as sole carbon source in the presence of 0.05% yeast extract. The medium in these cultures turned yellowish-orange at the exponential phase of growth due to the release of soluble chromogenic metabolites. The remaining " A. sanguineum" strain, ATCC 25660, and all test strains of Erythromicrobium and Porphyrobacter neither grew nor produced yellow-orange pigment with biphenyl or dibenzofuran. In PCR experiments, bphA1 gene, coding for the large subunit protein of biphenyl dioxygenase, was detected in " A. sanguineum" IAM 12620 and ATCC 25661. Based on these results, we propose classifying " A. sanguineum" IAM 12620 and ATCC 25661 as a new species of the genus Porphyrobacter with the name Porphyrobacter sanguineus sp. nov.     

Dasania marina gen. nov., sp. nov., of the order Pseudomonadales, isolated from Arctic marine sediment

An obligately aerobic bacterium, strain KOPRI 20902T, was isolated from a marine sediment in Ny-Arlesund, Spitsbergen Islands, Norway. Cells were irregular rods and motile with polar monotrichous flagellum. The optimum growth temperature was 17-22 degrees . Cells grew best in pH 7.0-10.0 and 3-4% sea salts (corresponding to 2.3-3.1% NaCl). The novel strain required Ca2+ or Mg2+ in addition to NaCl for growth. Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene revealed that the Arctic isolate is distantly related with established species (<92.4% sequence similarity) and formed a monophyletic group with Cellvibrio, which formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage in the order Pseudomonadales. Predominant cellular fatty acids [C16:1 omega7c/15:0 iso 2OH (45.3%), C16:0 (18.4%), ECL 11.799 (11.2%), C10:0 3OH (10.4%)]; DNA G+C content (37.0 mol%); nitrate reduction to nitrogen; absence of aesculin hydrolysis, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and esterase; no assimilation of arabinose, galactose, glucose, lactose, maltose, and trehalose differentiated the strain from the genus Cellvibrio. Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, Dasania marina gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed in the order Pseudomonadales. Strain KOPRI 20902T (=KCTC 12566T=JCM 13441T) is the type strain of Dasania marina.     

Bifidobacterium reuteri sp. nov., Bifidobacterium callitrichos sp. nov., Bifidobacterium saguini sp. nov., Bifidobacterium stellenboschense sp. nov. and Bifidobacterium biavatii sp. nov. isolated from faeces of common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) and red-handed tamarin (Saguinus midas)

Five strains of bifidobacteria were isolated from faeces of a common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) and a red-handed tamarin (Saguinus midas). The five isolates clustered inside the phylogenetic group of the genus Bifidobacterium but did not show high sequence similarities between the isolates and to known species in the genus by phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Sequence analyses of dnaJ1 and hsp60 also indicated their independent phylogenetic positions to each other in the Bifidobacterium cluster. DNA G+C contents of the species ranged from 57.3 to 66.3 mol%, which is within the values recorded for Bifidobacterium species. All isolates showed fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase activity. Based on the data provided, the five isolates represent five novel species, for which the names Bifidobacterium reuteri sp. nov. (type strain: AFB22-1(T) = JCM 17295(T) = DSM 23975(T)), Bifidobacterium callitrichos sp. nov. (type strain: AFB22-5(T) = JCM 17296(T) = DSM 23973(T)), Bifidobacterium saguini sp. nov. (type strain: AFB23-1(T) = JCM 17297(T) = DSM 23967(T)), Bifidobacterium stellenboschense sp. nov. (type strain: AFB23-3(T) = JCM 17298(T) = DSM 23968(T)) and Bifidobacterium biavatii sp. nov. (type strain: AFB23-4(T) = JCM 17299(T) = DSM 23969(T)) are proposed.     

Isolation and characterization of Methanoculleus receptaculi sp. nov. from Shengli oil field, China

Three strictly anaerobic, thermophilic methanogens (ZC-2T, ZC-3 and ZC-6) were isolated from Shengli oil field, China. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the three strains were nearly identical, possessing > 99.8% sequence similarity. They also possessed high sequence similarity, 97.4%, to Methanoculleus palmolei strain INSLUZ(T) (97.4% and 97.5%, respectively), indicating that they represented a novel species within the genus Methanoculleus. Cells of strain ZC-2T were nonmotile cocci, 0.8-1.7 microm in diameter, and always occurred singly or in pairs. The three strains used H2/CO2 or sodium formate as substrates for methanogenesis but not sodium acetate, trimethylamine, monomethylamine, ethanol, dimethyl sulfide, isopropanol, isobutanol, butan-2-ol or H2/CO. Optimum growth of strain ZC-2T occurred in the presence of 0.2 M NaCl, pH 7.5-7.8 and temperature 50-55 degrees C with a specific growth rate of 0.084 h(-1). The mol% G+C content of the genomic DNA was 55.2 mol%. Based on these phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strains ZC-2T, ZC-3 and ZC-6 are proposed to represent a novel species in the genus Methanoculleus and named Methanoculleus receptaculi sp. nov. The type strain is ZC-2T (CGMCC 1.5087T=DSM 18860T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Paenibacillus ginsengisoli</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon province,South Korea

A Gram-positive, aerobic or facultative anaerobic, motile, spore-forming bacterial strain, designated Gsoil 1638T, was isolated from a soil sample of a ginseng field in Pocheon province (South Korea), and was characterized taxonomically by using a polyphasic approach. It grew well on nutrient agar medium, utilized a fairly narrow spectrum of carbon sources and tolerated 10% NaCl. The isolate was positive for catalase and oxidase tests but negative for the degradation of macromolecules such as casein, collagen, starch, chitin, CM-cellulose, xylan and DNA. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 50.7 mol%. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (44%) and C16:0 (25%). Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain Gsoil 1638T fell within the radiation of the cluster comprising Paenibacillus species and joined Paenibacillus anaericanus DSM 15890T with a bootstrap value of 100%. These two strains shared 99.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other. The phylogenetic distance from any other validly described species within the genus Paenibacillus was less than 96.2%. DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Gsoil 1638T and its closest phylogenetic neighbor, Paenibacillus anaericanus, was 62%. On the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain Gsoil 1638T (= KCTC 13931T = LMG 23406T = CCUG 52472T) was classified in the genus Paenibacillus as the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus ginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed.     

Nocardioides aromaticivorans sp. nov., a dibenzofuran-degrading bacterium isolated from dioxin-polluted environments

Seven strains of dibenzofuran (DF)-degrading bacteria isolated from dioxin-polluted environments were characterized. These isolates were able to grow with dibenzofuran as the sole carbon and energy source. During the growth with dibenzofuran, they produced a soluble yellow metabolite that exhibited a unique pH-dependent shift of absorption maxima. Dibenzo-p-dioxin and biphenyl were also degraded with pigment production. The isolates were strictly aerobic and chemoorganotrophic and had gram-positive, nonmotile, rod-shaped cells. Chemotaxonomic analyses showed that cells contained L,L-diaminopimeric acid in the peptidoglycan, branched-chain fatty acids as major fatty acids, and menaquinone MK-8(H4) as the sole respiratory quinone. The G + C content of the DNA of the isolates ranged from 72.0 to 72.4 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates were very similar to each other (> or = 99.8%). The phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolates formed a cluster with species of the genus Nocardioides with Nocardioides simplex and Nocardioides nitrophenolicus as their nearest neighbors. DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed that the isolates showed a hybridization level of less than 55% to any tested species of the genus Nocardioides. Based on these data, Nocardioides aromaticivorans sp. nov. is proposed for the new DF-degrading isolates. The type strain is strain H-1 (IAM 14992, JCM 11674, DSM 15131).     

Tateyamaria omphalii gen. nov., sp. nov., an alpha-Proteobacterium isolated from a top shell Omphalius pfeifferi pfeifferi

A Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, coccoid to short rod-shaped marine bacterium strain MKT107(T) was isolated from the molluscan top shell Omphalius pfeifferi pfeifferi collected on the coast of Japan. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain MKT107(T) constitutes a new lineage in alpha-Proteobacteria related to the genera Nereida, Roseobacter, Staleya, Oceanibulbus and Sulfitobacter. Strain MKT107(T) was found to require salt for its growth and to be mesophilic. It contained 18:1omega7c and 16:0 as major cellular fatty acids and 3-OH 10:0 and 3-OH 12:0 as hydroxy fatty acids. The DNA base composition of the isolate was 61.6 mol% G+C. The major quinone was Q-10. Sufficient differences existed to distinguish this strain from currently recognized bacterial genera. Therefore, the isolate is classified as representing a new genus and species, Tateyamaria omphalii gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain MKT107(T) =IAM 15108(T) =KCTC 12333(T); GenBank accession no. AB193438).     

Duganella phyllosphaerae sp. nov., isolated from the leaf surface of Trifolium repens and proposal to reclassify Duganella violaceinigra into a novel genus as Pseudoduganella violceinigra gen. nov., comb. nov

A bright yellow pigmented bacterium was isolated from the leaf surface of Trifolium repens in Germany. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this bacterium is most closely related to Duganella zoogloeoides IAM 12670(T), with a similarity of 99.3%, but revealed only a moderate similarity (96.8%) to the second Duganella species, Duganella violaceinigra YIM 31327(T). Strain T54(T) is clearly different from D. zoogloeoides IAM 12670(T) in that DNA-DNA hybridization revealed a similarity value of 46% (reciprocal 42%). Ubiquinone (Q-8) was the respiratory quinone and the predominant polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown phospholipids and one aminolipid. Strain T54(T) can be distinguished from D. zoogloeoides by the carbon substrate utilization tests of d-trehalose, cis-aconitate, trans-aconitate, glutarate and dl-3-hydroxybutyrate, and 4-hydroxybenzoate in addition to a different polar lipid profile. The name Duganella phyllosphaerae sp. nov. is proposed for this novel species, with the type strain T54(T) (=LMG 25994 = CCM 7824(T)) [corrected]. In addition, it is proposed to reclassify D. violaceinigra into a novel genus Pseudoduganella gen. nov. as the novel species Pseudoduganella violaceinigra comb. nov. because of the low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to the other Duganella species (<97%) and striking differences in chemotaxonomic (lipid profiles and fatty acid patterns) and other phenotypic features, including the colony pigmentation.     

Halomonas alkaliantarctica sp. nov., isolated from saline lake Cape Russell in Antarctica, an alkalophilic moderately halophilic, exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium

The taxomony of strain CRSS (DSM 15686(T)=ATCC BAA-848(T)) isolated from Cape Russell in Antarctica (Ross Sea, 74 52.35 S 163 53.03 E) was investigated in a polyphasic approach. The morphological, physiological and genetic characteristics were compared with that of related species of the genus Halomonas. The isolate grew optimally at pH 9.0, 10% NaCl at 30 degrees C. The cells were Gram-negative aerobic rods able to produce exopolysaccharide. They accumulated glycine-betaine, as a major osmolyte, with minor components ectoine and glutamate. The strain CRSS biosynthetised alpha-glucosidase. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol as major components. Ubiquinone with nine repetitive unities (Q9) was the only quinone found and the fatty acid composition was dominated by C18:1 (53%). The G+C content of DNA was 55.0mol% and its phylogenetic position was established by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as a member of the genus Halomonas. For physiological, chemotaxonomic and genetic features (DNA-DNA hybridisation) it is proposed to classify the isolate as a new species for which we propose the name Halomonas alkaliantarctica sp. nov.