NCS对离体萝卜子叶转绿期间叶绿素荧光参数及类囊体膜蛋白复合物的影响

用PAM 2000型便携式荧光测定系统测定了不同浓度N arc iclas ine(NCS)处理的离体萝卜子叶的荧光动力学参数:初始荧光(F0)、光化学淬灭(qP)、光系统Ⅱ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光合电子传递速率(ETR).结果表明,NCS对各种叶绿素荧光参数均显示出明显的抑制作用,而且NCS的抑制作用随其浓度的增加而逐渐增强;利用蓝绿温和胶电泳技术分析萝卜子叶类囊体膜蛋白复合物发现,转绿期间叶绿体中光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)和光系统捕光色素蛋白复合体的含量增加均被NCS抑制.表明从水仙鳞茎分泌物中分离提取的生物活性物质NCS能够明显抑制离体萝卜子叶的光下转绿,而且NCS对离体萝卜子叶光下转绿的抑制是多位点的.     

NCS对离体萝卜子叶微体中酶活性及细胞超微结构的影响

研究了天然生物活性物质narciclasine(NCS)对离体萝卜子叶光下生长发育期间叶绿素含量变化、异柠檬酸裂解酶及羟基丙酮酸还原酶活性的影响;并对萝卜子叶细胞的超微结构变化进行了观察。结果表明,NCS明显抑制光下培养的离体萝卜子叶叶绿素含量及鲜重增加,对异柠檬酸裂解酶及羟基丙酮酸还原酶活性也显示出明显的抑制作用。电镜观察显示,NCS对蛋白体及脂质体的降解、叶绿体的发育也表现出强烈的抑制效应。NCS的各种抑制作用均随其浓度的增加而增加,而且高浓度的NCS(10^-5mol／L)基本上完全阻止了离体萝卜子叶的光下生长及其转绿。     

IAA及KCN在黄瓜子叶离体叶绿体氧化还原作用过程中的相互作用

ＩＡＡ对于不同时期的叶绿体ＤＣＰＩＰ光还原均有促进效应。而对叶绿体的放氧效率的促进则随子叶叶岭的增长而下降至零。ＣＮ＾－（１０＾－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）存在时不同程度地抑制叶绿体的ＤＣＰＩＰ光还原和氧化放氧。而ＩＡＡ（１０＾－５,１０＾－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）则能消除ＣＮ＾－的抑制作用而仅表现ＬＡＡ原有的促进作用。同时,ＩＡＡ可以释放照光和不照光条件下ＫＣＮ对离体叶绿体分解外源Ｈ２Ｏ２的抑制。叶绿体光系统的光还原     

萝卜带柄子叶高频再生体系的建立

以11份萝卜（Raphanus sativus）基因型为材料进行子叶离体培养研究,筛选出具有较高再生率的基因型进行实验,考察基因型、外植体类型、激素配比和苗龄等因素对萝卜再生的影响。结果表明：萝卜离体再生的最佳外植体为全子叶-叶柄,最适苗龄为4天,最适培养基为MS＋6mg·L-16-BA＋0.05mg·L-1NAA,再生率高达86.95%,再生系数为1.80。该研究为进行萝卜遗传转化实验奠定了良好基础。     

6-苄氨基嘌呤促进黄化小麦叶片叶绿体的发育——Ⅰ.6-苄氨基嘌呤对叶绿素形成的影响

6-BA(6-苄氨基嘌呤)能促进整体黄化小麦叶片光下的叶绿素积累,它的作用包括两个方面:1)消除照光初期叶绿素积累的滞后期,2)促进叶绿素积累稳定期的增长速度。6-BA的作用只表现在叶绿素量上的增加,而在质上无影响。6-BA处理后的暗保温(2小时以上)对其发挥作用是必需的,若处理后立即照光,则无效应。6-BA的作用与其浓度和小麦苗龄有关,在0.01 ppm时已表现促进作用,至5ppm达最高。6-BA对三天苗龄的小麦叶片已有促进,对七天苗龄的叶片促进最大。6-BA能克服环己酰亚胺对叶绿素积累的抑制作用,与脱落酸之间亦存在拮抗作用。 在转绿过程中叶绿素降解是很弱的,6-BA对此无影响。进一步对叶绿素前体——ALA(δ-氨基乙酰丙酸)的分析表明6-BA对其在光下的形成有明显促进,说明6-BA可能是通过促进ALA的形成而影响叶绿素的合成过程。     

萝卜带柄子叶高频再生体系的建立

以11份萝卜(Raphanus sativus)基因型为材料进行子叶离体培养研究, 筛选出具有较高再生率的基因型进行实验, 考察基因型、外植体类型、激素配比和苗龄等因素对萝卜再生的影响。结果表明: 萝卜离体再生的最佳外植体为全子叶-叶柄, 最适苗龄为4天, 最适培养基为MS+6 mg·L^–16-BA+0.05 mg·L^–1NAA, 再生率高达86.95%, 再生系数为1.80。该研究为进行萝卜遗传转化实验奠定了良好基础。     

苦参碱对植物生长的刺激作用

应用植物激素生物试法测定了苦参碱（matrine)的某些植物生长调节活性,实验结果表明：苦参碱明显促进了离体黄瓜子叶鲜重和干重的增加;苦参碱降低了光下（5000lx,26℃）培养的离体黄瓜子叶的总叶绿素含量,但促进了离体黄瓜子叶的光合作用;苦参碱还显著促进了在暗中（25℃）培养的离体黄瓜子叶的生根作用和根的生长,这些现象说明苦参碱具有某些明显的植物生长刺激活性。     

苦参碱对植物生长的刺激作用

应用植物激素生物试法测定了苦参碱（matrine)的某些植物生长调节活性,实验结果表明：苦参碱明显促进了离体黄瓜子叶鲜重和干重的增加;苦参碱降低了光下（5000lx,26℃）培养的离体黄瓜子叶的总叶绿素含量,但促进了离体黄瓜子叶的光合作用;苦参碱还显著促进了在暗中（25℃）培养的离体黄瓜子叶的生根作用和根的生长,这些现象说明苦参碱具有某些明显的植物生长刺激活性。     

萝卜离体子叶衰老与膜脂过氧化的关系

萝卜离体子叶在光下或暗中衰老及激素调节衰老过程中,作为叶片衰老指标的叶绿素和蛋白质含量的降低,发生在MDA含量增高之前,更早于SOD活性的下降。表明由SOD活性降低所导致的膜脂过氧化的增强,并非衰老的原初反应,而是叶片衰老到一定程度的生理变化。因此,至少在萝卜离体子叶上,不能将其衰老的启动归因于受SOD控制的膜脂过氧化作用导致的膜累积性质变。     

外源Narciclasine对黄化植物中δ-氨基乙酰丙酸生物合成的抑制作用及其与6-BA和ABA作用的关系

从多花水仙鳞茎分泌物中提取的生物活性物质narciclasine(NCS)能够明显抑制叶绿素合成途径中叶绿素前体δ-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)的生物合成。NCS的这种抑制作用可为6-BA所逆转。NCS对ALA生物合成的作用与ABA的作用相类似,当以NCS与ABA同时处理时,其抑制效应具有一定的加成性。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.