三峡库区二级阶地发现的东方剑齿象化石及其环境与考古学意义

本文记述的象化石产自三峡库区长江右岸二级阶地。该二级阶地沉积物可分为两个沉积单元:由下部含化石的砂砾层和上部具乌木的土状堆积组成。显然,这些沉积物反映不同的古环境。据铀系法测定,下部沉积的年代约为距今6.4万年前,而上部堆积层的14C测年值为距今约8 000年。依二级阶地上、下层间呈不整合接触和测年数据,下部沉积之后曾有较长时间的沉积间断。下部埋藏阶地的砂砾石层被钙质胶结的现象表明,该地区在二级阶地形成后有一段气候干燥而寒冷的时期。迄今三峡库区已发现了55处旧石器地点,大多数位于二级阶地中,但缺乏化石和测年的可靠证据。这次埋藏阶地象化石的发现为三峡地区二级阶地的旧石器遗址提供了可资对比的地层和时代依据,对古人类在该地区生存行为演变的阐释及旧石器分期提供了重要参照。     

百色旧石器遗址的若干地貌演化问题

百色盆地形成于第三纪初期, 并沉积湖相含煤建造。早第三纪末在喜马拉雅运动主幕作用下, 盆地上升, 早第三纪沉积出现错断和挤压, 并遭受剥蚀。上新世末至第四纪时期, 构造运动表现为间歇式抬升,盆地中形成七级阶地。第Ⅳ级阶地沉积中多处发现旧石器遗址,在相同层位还一起发现埋藏的玻璃陨石, 说明旧石器遗址的地质年龄大致在距今73万年左右。有时在第Ⅳ级阶地沉积的不同岩石地层单元中都发现有旧石器, 根据地层穿时性分析, 推测它们可能形成于同一时期。此外, 第Ⅳ级阶地形成后, 受构造运动影响, 该阶地被错断、抬升, 有时形成多级台地, 但通过野外调查可以确定它们属于同一阶地。     

论华北旧石器晚期遗址的分布、埋藏以及地质时代问题

我国华北地区旧石器晚期遗址及文化遗物通常埋藏于河流的第二级阶地中,地质时代为晚更新世中、晚期。峙峪等遗址的地层清晰、化石丰富、时代明确,没有再搬运的任何迹象。研究旧石器文化必须结合地层、地貌和古生物资料进行综合分析,有适当的年龄数据印证,才能得出断代上的合乎逻辑的结论。     

广西百色盆地高岭坡遗址的地层及年代

广西百色盆地旧石器工业因含有众多的手斧且年代早到803 kaBP而闻名于世。盆地内发育有7级河流阶地,其中第IV级阶地发现有手斧和玻璃陨石。自从1973年第一个石器地点被发现,越来越多的遗址或地点被调查发现和发掘。以前研究认为,百色盆地旧石器只出自网纹红土层,年代均为803 kaBP。2013年以前,通常只在土状堆积的上部发掘,从来没有人对第IV级阶地的沉积物从地表到底部砾石层进行系统发掘,因此关于第IV级阶地的整体地层堆积情况及含石器层位很模糊。2013-2014年,广西文物保护与考古研究所会同田东县博物馆对百色盆地最重要的旧石器遗址之一——田东高岭坡遗址进行了系统的考古发掘。此次发掘从遗址的地表往下一直发掘到砾石层,揭露出厚度超过7m的完整地层序列,发现1处小型石器制造场和1处用火遗迹。在不同地层中发现石制品800多件,包括砍砸器、手镐、刮削器等。涵盖旧石器和新石器两个时代。根据地层对比和石制品的特征及测年结果,我们把旧石器时代文化遗存可分为3期：第一期的年代早于或等于803 kaBP,第二期为15 kaBP,第三期约为10 kaBP。     

山西榆次大发旧石器地点

山西榆次大发旧石器地点,属搬运埋藏类型,文化遗物和哺乳动物化石产自潇河右岸第二级阶地中部,时代为晚更新世末期。该地点的文化遗物包括传统的打制石器和细石器。石器类型和制作技术显示出与雁北地区的峙峪遗址和晋南的下川遗址有密切关系。该地点在晋中盆地的发现对连接、对比山西南、北旧石器晚期文化具有重要意义。     

北京市郊新发现旧石器

1990年春天,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所、北京市文物研究所和密云县文管所联合组成考察队,在密云县进行史前考古调查,在该县上甸子乡黄土梁村与太师屯乡松树峪村附近发现了两处旧石器地点,获得石制品五十余件,其中包括石核、石片、砍砸器和刮削器等。这些文化遗物有的出自潮河第三级阶地的红色粘土中,有的出自安达木河第二级阶地的褐黄色粘土中。根据地貌、地层和石制品的性质来看,黄土梁村旧石器     

关于下川遗址和丁村遗址群7701地点的时代、性质问题——与安志敏先生讨论

山西下川遗址和丁村遗址群7701地点均发现旧石器时代晚期的典型细石器。前者也于下川富益河圪梁第二级阶地上部;后者位于汾河第二级阶地底部。地质时代为晚更新世晚期;7701地点比下川稍早。 本文根据地貌、地层和所含的文化遗物,结合碳-14测据,与安志敏先生在《中国晚期旧石器的碳-14断代和问题》中对下川、丁村提出的异议,进行了讨论,认为两遗址的时代与性质依然可信无疑。     

西峡旧石器考古调查简报

2005年6月中下旬在河南西峡县县城跑马岭一带以及丁河镇凤山和五里桥乡杨岗等地发现并确认8处旧石器地点,获得40余件石制品和少量动物碎骨。老鹳河在西峡县城一带发育四级阶地,石制品分布于老鹳河沿岸的第三级基座阶地内。石制品类型有石核、石片、断块和石器等,石器原料主要取自阶地下部的砂砾石层,锤击法剥片;石器由锤击法简单加工而成,类型以刮削器为主,此外还有球状器和薄刃斧等。石器面貌具有南北方过渡区的特点。依地貌和地层对比,初步判断其时代应为中更新世。     

怀来盆地2014年度旧石器考古调查简报

2014年7-8月在河北怀来盆地开展的旧石器考古调查工作新发现确认10处旧石器地点,获得20余件石制品及动物化石。石制品类型包括石核、石片、工具以及断块,总体来看包含了石片石器技术和细石叶技术两套技术组合。石制品原料以火山岩为主,应为就地取材;石核剥片与工具修理均主要采用锤击法。永定河两岸第二、三级阶地是文化遗物埋藏的主要地貌部位,依相关地貌、地层资料以及石制品的类型特征,初步推测新地点的时代主要为中、晚更新世。     

秦岭汉江流域新发现旧石器遗址的地层与释光年代

汉江流域旧石器时代文化遗存丰富,南方砾石石器工业和北方小石片石器工业类型的遗存并存,对研究中国南北旧石器文化交流和发展演化具有重要的意义。2016-2018年夏天,我们在汉江流域进行野外调查,新发现十个含更新世晚期旧石器遗存的地点,利用热转移光释光（TT-OSL）方法对各遗址的地层进行了测年。测年结果表明,这几处旧石器地点的古人类活动主要发生在距今20-5万年之间,涵盖了L₂、S₁和L₁三个阶段,与之前汉江流域第二级阶地发现的旧石器遗址年代基本一致。新发现的十个旧石器地点丰富了汉水流域旧石器遗存,为进一步研究该区域古人类旧石器遗址年代学和石器技术提供了新的材料。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.