浙江省县级公立医院改革试点医院收支状况分析

目的 分析浙江省县级公立医院综合改革的施行对县级公立医院收支状况的影响。 方法 收集浙江省2011年12月启动改革的5个县（市）22家医院2011-2013年上半年的收入和支出数据,对定量资料采用描述性统计分析。结果 县级公立医院综合改革实施后,医院收入结构变化明显,一方面政府财政[1]补助额度逐年提高,财政补助占医院总收入的比例上升;另一方面,药品收入占医疗收入的比例逐年下降,药品收支结余对医院的补偿能力逐步减弱。结论 浙江省县级公立医院在改革实施后,依托合理的医疗服务调价手段和政府财政的有力支持,县级公立医院改革平稳推进。
     

政府补偿与监管机制改革对公立医疗卫生机构收支状况的影响分析

目的 分析政府补偿与监管机制改革前后闵行区公立医疗卫生机构的收支及结构变化,并与上海市同期平均水平进行比较,探索研究政府补偿与监管机制改革对公立医疗卫生机构收支状况的影响。方法 进行问卷调查和二手数据分析。结果 改革后,闵行区公立医疗卫生机构的医疗与药品收入比例趋于合理,医疗费用得到控制,但政府财政补助水平仍有待提高。结论 政府应确保公立医院财政投入水平,落实取消药品加成后的相应补偿。     

基本药物制度实施与乡镇卫生院补偿机制转变

目的 了解乡镇卫生院各项收支及药品补偿状况,探讨基本药物制度实施后,取消药品加成对乡镇卫生院的影响。方法 收集华东三省49家乡镇卫生院财务及药品收支数据,对定量资料进行统计分析。结果 乡镇卫生院主要的补偿渠道依然是药品收入,乡镇卫生院收入增长主要归因于增加药品收入。在财政补助收入大幅增加的情况下,乡镇卫生院对药品收入的依赖程度有所降低。结论 基本药物制度的实施对乡镇卫生院的平稳运行有影响,可采取加强财政补助、建立综合补偿机制、遏制药品价格虚高等措施保证乡镇卫生院在改革中的平稳运行。     

江西省县级综合医院基础设施和收支现状分析

目的 了解江西省县级综合医院的基础设施和收支现状,为今后卫生行政部门合理配置卫生资源提供科学依据。方法 采用普查方法对2007年江西省11个地级市的90家县级综合医院进行调查。结果 江西省县级综合医院的基础设施总体情况尚可,但重点设备的配置率较低;财政补助比重小,收支不平衡。结论 对尚未达到标准的基础设施进行合理配置,加大对县级综合医院的财政投入。     

实施医事服务费对某三级医院经济运行的影响研究

?????? 目的 了解北京市试点的医事服务费对某医院的经济运行情况的影响程度及影响因素。方法 以某医院2011年的卫生服务量为基础,按照北京市试点的医事服务费标准,测算某医院2011年医事服务费收入。结果 门诊收入增加,而住院的收入减少,总收入也减少了。结论 医院自身应进一步强化成本管理,控制药品费用;政府要加强财政补助,努力提高公立医院公益性;卫生部门还应加强对医院其他费用的监管,全面控制医疗费用。     

湖北省公立医院成本补偿机制研究

目的 了解湖北省对公立医院的财政投入,医院收入比例及收支平衡情况。方法 根据财政投入及医院收支的相关数据,利用定性与定量分析,对比的分析方法,研究2007—2009年湖北省公立医院财政补偿情况及其收支的变化情况。结果 政府财政补助有所提高,年均增幅达到28.83%,但在医院收入中所占比例仅占7%左右,低于全国平均水平。公立医院医疗收入最高,占医院收入比例的50%左右。其次为药品收入,将近占到总收入的40%。医院收支基本保持平衡,但是大多负债率较高。结论 应该调整政府财政补偿力度与着重点,改变现有公立医院的收入结构,以保证公立医院健康稳定的发展。     

安徽省县级公立医院实施药品零加成现状调查

目的 调查分析安徽省县级公立医院取消药品加成后对患者就医的影响。方法 采用自行设计问卷,以无记名方式对安徽省9家样本医院财务数据和386名患者进行调查,并运用SPSS16.0统计软件对调查结果进行分析。结果 改革后,样本医院药品收入占总收入比值呈现下降趋势,患者药品费用占次均住院费用比例持续降低。结论 县级公立医院药品零加成政策贯彻实施到位,显著减轻了群众的就医负担,但医院同时存在检查费用增长等问题,还需政府实施多种措施多管齐下,保障改革成果。     

江苏省公立中医类医院医药价格综合改革效果评估

目的 对江苏省中医类医院实行的全面医药价格综合改革的政策进行效果评估,为政府医药价格改革的成效提供实证支持以及为继续深化改革提供建议。方法 借鉴韦唐公共政策评估模式中的效果模式,根据医药价格综合改革目标,对比分析政策实施前后的效果。结果 改革后财政补助收入、医保收入、服务收入不断增长,药品收入比重下降了3.3%,部分医药控费指标已达政策标准,但资产负债率有所增长。结论 改革取得了一定的初步成效,收入补偿基本合理但仍不到位,收入结构明显优化,医药费用控制情况有所改善但并未达到理想状态。     

药品“零差率”下基层医疗机构补偿机制转变实证分析

?????? 目的 为完善我国基层医疗卫生机构补偿机制提供参考。方法 在全国选取山东、湖北、四川三省，采用问卷收集了60家基层医疗卫生机构财务数据，用SPSS完成统计学分析。结果 2011年我国基层医疗卫生机构总收入平均为457.1万元，历史同期增长12.38%。药品收入为133.54万元，相比2010年下降12.70%，药占比由38.28%降为28.80%；政府投入为170.00万元，增长50.44%，占总收入比例由26.88%上升为36.32%；医疗业务收入增加不明显，但检查收入显著增加。政府投入增长显著，且在各地区水平均衡。结论 政府投入增加稳定了机构总收入，保障机构正常运营；要关注医疗机构检查收入的不合理增长；应提高政府投入的有效性，构建科学绩效考核制度，加强定量研究分析。     

辽宁省县级公立医院改革对医院收入和服务影响分析

目的 分析辽宁省县级公立医院改革对医院收入和服务的影响。方法 选取2013年第二批县级试点医院,采用描述性分析、t检验、秩和检验,对比医院改革前后收入和服务的变化。结果 试点医院收入结构有所改善,医师人均收入略有增加,服务量和服务效率提升,门诊和住院费用有所降低;药占比仍有下降空间。结论 改革后试点医院整体上经济运行平稳,收入结构进一步优化,但服务效率和费用负担需不断改善。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.