北京市三级中医医院运行效率的Malmquist指数研究

目的 分析北京市13家三级中医医院总体运行效率及中医服务提供运行效率现状,探索其影响因素。方法 采用描述性统计分析方法描述各项指标基本情况,采用数据包络分析Malmquist指数模型分析运行效率及变化趋势。结果 2012—2014年,三级中医医院总体及中医服务技术均呈现进步或不变状态,各医院效率变动差异显著。结论 中医医院中医服务效率低于总体运行效率;多数医院技术提高缓慢,技术进步为全要素生产率上升有利因素;效率降低为全要素生产率降低的主要原因。     

补偿机制改革对公立医院产出效率的影响 ——基于县级中医医院的实证研究

目的 对补偿机制改革前后江苏省县级中医医院产出效率进行评价,并考察导致效率变化的相关因素。方法 随机前沿分析方法分析县级中医医院产出效率,Tobit回归方法分析不同影响因素对产出效率的影响。结果 江苏省县级中医院产出效率较低,补偿机制改革导致县级中医院效率出现进一步下降;费用模型、支出模型和收入模型的回归分析表明不同因素对县级中医院产出效率的影响。结论 优化县级中医院补偿策略,调整收支结构,加大中医医疗服务补偿力度。     

医疗需求波动下医疗资源配置合理冗余的必要性研究

目的 针对卫生系统中存在的医疗资源利用波动情况,提出医疗资源配置中合理冗余概念,为进一步完善医疗资源测算方法提供参考建议。方法 以上海市为例,根据2014年上海市门诊病人和住院病人数据,分析上海市医疗机构1年内医疗服务需求分布的波动情况,明确医疗需求波动对医疗资源配置冗余的必要性。结果 2014年上海市单日收治门诊病人最大值为994 191人次,全年单日门诊病人最小值为53 700人次,全年平均每日收治门诊病人为562 442人次,超过均值的天数有229天,占全年所有天数的62%;全年单日住院病人最大值为96 493人次,单日住院病人最小值为58 929人次。结论 由于医疗服务需求是波动分布的,单一的按照医疗卫生需要平均水平配置医疗卫生资源的方式,并不能满足医疗服务需求高峰期,会造成高峰期内医疗资源紧缺、居民看病难的问题。建议在必须在医疗资源配置规划中考虑医疗需求波动因素,根据医疗需求波动的大小确定合理冗余。考虑合理冗余卫生资源存在的必要性和合理性,为进一步完善资源配置方法提供参考意见。

     

基于Malmquist指数的北京二级中医医院运行效率研究

目的 分析北京市13家二级中医医院总体运行效率及中医服务提供运行效率现状,探索其影响因素并为医院决策提供建议。方法 采用描述性统计分析方法描述各项指标的基本情况,采用数据包络分析Malmquist指数模型分析运行效率及变化趋势。结果 2012—2013年10家医院总体全要素生产率上升,6家医院中医服务全要素生产率上升;2013—2014年8家医院总体全要素生产率上升,4家医院中医服务全要素生产率上升。结论 近3年二级中医医院中医服务效率略低于总体运行效率,二级中医医院中医服务技术进步缓慢,效率降低为全要素生产率降低的主要原因。

     

湖南省地市级三级综合医院运行效率及变动研究

目的 分析湖南省13家地市级三级综合医院的运行效率及变动状况,为医院提高效率和生产率提供决策依据。方法 收集湖南省13家地市级三级综合医院2013—2014年的投入产出指标,选取适宜指标构建DEA效率评价模型,利用BC²模型和超效率模型计算样本医院各年度运行效率及排序,再利用Malmquist指数分析跨期效率变动情况。结果 2013年4家样本医院技术效率有效,9家无效,4家处于规模报酬固定阶段,1家处于规模报酬递增阶段,8家处于规模报酬递减阶段;2014年5家样本医院技术效率有效,8家无效,6家处于规模报酬固定阶段,7家处于规模报酬递减阶段。2013—2014年12家样本医院生产率有所改善,仅1家有所下降。结论 样本医院规模效率普遍高于技术效率,不同医院的纯技术效率存在较大差异,由外延式规模发展转为内涵式精益发展是地市级公立医院的必然选择。     

三甲中医医院院长职业化管理培训现状与需求调查

目的 探讨当前我国中医医院院长对医院职业化管理培训工作的理解与需求。方法 对来自全国各地参训的60位三级甲等中医医院院长进行问卷调查,收回有效问卷52份,采用SPSS17.0统计分析。结果 职业化管理培训工作在三级甲等中医医院得到较为广泛的重视;工作太忙、授课理论空洞乏味和教师授课水平参差不齐是影响培训效果的三位主因。从培训需求角度而言,经营管理、战略管理、财务管理、人力资源管理是重要的培训模块;管理方法与技巧、工作预见能力、有效的沟通方法是培训主攻方向;案例分析、课堂讲授仍然是培训需求的主要方式。结论 引入“拓展思路,学员本位、问题导向”培训理念,帮助学员深入解析管理环境、管理者个人以及环境与个体之间的关系,构建起职业化管理培训的长效机制,促进中医医院院长职业化管理培训工作的纵深发展。     

天津市三级医院医务人员手卫生现状调查

目的 调查天津市三级医院医务人员手卫生知识掌握情况,分析其影响因素。方法 采用问卷调查法,对目标人群开展调查研究。结果 医务人员手卫生知识水平较高,整体情况良好;不同性别、职称的医务人员手卫生知识得分差别有统计学意义（P<0.05）;手卫生设施是影响医务人员手卫生执行的主要因素。结论 手卫生水平的提高是一项长期任务,有关部门和医院管理者应加强管理,加大宣传教育,采取多种措施提高医务人员手卫生水平。     

基于价值链理论的医院标准非经济效益评估体系构建

目的 构建基于价值链理论的标准非经济效益评估指标体系。方法 采用Delphi专家咨询法。结果 通过两轮Delphi专家咨询,筛选出基于价值链理论的标准非经济效益评估指标,初步构建评估体系。指标涉及医疗效力、医疗缺陷、医疗安全、运营效率、时间效率和信息效率六大价值驱动因素。结论 两轮专家咨询后,基于价值链理论的标准非经济效益评估指标体系初步形成。     

重庆市县级及以上医院投入产出效率分析

目的 分析重庆市县级及以上医院投入产出效率,为科学制定卫生资源配置规划提供可靠依据。 方法 收集1 027所县级及以上医院投入产出数据,采用描述性分析、数据包络分析进行评价。结果 总体有效医院为13所（占10.2%）,纯技术有效医院为19所（占15%）,规模有效医院为13所（占10.2%）,非规模有效医院中,113所为规模收益递减（占99.1%）。各经济圈中,渝西经济走廊医院平均总体有效率最高（0.655）,库区次之（0.609）,都市经济圈最低（0.577）。各级别医院中,三级医院平均总体有效率最高（0.774）,一级医院次之（0.660）,二级医院最低（0.556）。结论 重庆市县级及以上医院投入产出效率不高,应合理控制医院规模,提高管理水平和医疗服务质量,形成中小型医院特色,建立健全医保制度,全方位提高医院效率。     

公立医院卫生资源配置和服务利用效率的分析及思考

?????? 目的 了解我国公立医院的卫生资源配置与利用效率情况。方法 运用数据包络分析法(DEA)对6家公立医院2010的投入与产出情况进行分析。结果 2家二级公立医院的效率评价排名优于4家三级医院。结论 加大对基层医疗单位的卫生资源投入力度,加强对三级公立医院卫生资源的整合重组,以提高公立医院的卫生资源配置与利用效率。     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.