丙戊酸钠对抗鱼藤酮诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞损伤的线粒体机制

研究丙戊酸钠（sodiumvalproate,VPA）对抗鱼藤酮（Rotenone）诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞损伤的作用及线粒体机制。以l,10μmol／LVPA预处理SH－SY5Y细胞3h,再加入400nmol／LRotenone作用24h。MTT法检测与相差显微镜观察相结合,分析VPA对抗Rotenone损伤的作用;JC－1染色法与Mito－Tracker染色法分析线粒体膜电位及线粒体数量的变化;Clark氧电极法检测细胞呼吸功能;DCFH-DA探针法检测细胞中Ros的含量;并在离体线粒体上观察VPA对Ca^2＋诱导的线粒体肿胀的影响。结果发现,1,10p．mol／LVPA预处理SH．SY5Y细胞3h可对抗400nmol／LRotenoneI起的细胞损伤,并且可以提高损伤细胞中线粒体的膜电位,增加线粒体的数量,此外,还可以增强损伤细胞的呼吸功能,降低细胞中ROS的含量,但VPA并不能直接作用于离体的线粒体发挥神经保护作用。由此,VPA具有良好的神经保护作用,其机制与增强线粒体功能和数量、从而改善细胞功能有关,这为其应用于帕金森病的预防与治疗提供了实验依据。     

镉对长江华溪蟹心肌细胞超微结构的影响

应用透射电镜方法,研究了镉在24h内对长江华溪触心肌细胞超微结构的影响。结果表明：注射镉后0.5h,心肌细胞超微结构即出现变化,且随着时间的延长,变化渐趋明显,主要表现在细胞核和线粒体。细胞核核膜肿胀、弥散、最后解体。线粒体嵴部分解体、直至全部解体;线粒体内室部分肿胀、明显肿胀、直至高度肿胀。此外,溶酶体的数量和类型随镉处理时间的延长而增多,肌原纤维出现断裂。     

大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型线粒体自噬变化的研究

目的:观察大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型不同时间点线粒体及线粒体自噬的变化。方法:成年雄性SD大鼠40只,随机分为假手术对照组(sham组):开胸不进行冠状动脉左前降支(Left anterior descending coronary artery,LAD)血流阻断;缺血再灌注组2h组(I/R 2 h组)、24 h组(I/R 24 h组)及48 h组(I/R 48 h组),以上3组均阻断LAD 30 min,分别于再灌注后2 h、24 h、48 h观察心肌ATP含量,线粒体膜电位水平变化,透射电镜下观察线粒体及线粒体自噬超微结构变化,western blot法测定线粒体自噬蛋白PINK1、Parkin、p62、LC3B及线粒体膜蛋白Tom20表达水平。结果:与对照组相比,线粒体膜电位水平及心肌组织ATP含量于再灌注2 h开始下降,24 h下降最显著,48 h有所改善,线粒体超微结构损伤再灌注24 h最为明显,48 h有所改善。PINK1、Parkin、p62蛋白表达于损伤后2 h增强,于再灌注后24 h升高最显著,持续至48 h,LC3BⅡ表达于损伤后24 h增强,同样持续至48 h。透射电镜下可见线粒体自噬体于再灌注后24 h明显增多,并持续至48 h。结论:大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤后,线粒体功能与形态损伤以损伤后24 h最为显著,至损伤后48 h后好转;线粒体自噬水平升高以损伤后24 h最为显著,且维持至损伤后48 h,提示两者之间可能存在关联。     

内毒素引起的乳鼠心肌细胞血红素加氧酶—1基因的表达

为了探讨在内毒素作用下的乳鼠心肌细胞（neonatal rat cardiomyocytes,NRCMs）血红素加氧酶－1（heme oxygenase-1,HO-1）基因的表达及其在细胞损伤中的作用,分别用10、30及50μg/ml的脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide,LPS）,10μg/ml LPS 10μmol/ml锌原卟啉Ⅸ（Zn-protoporphyrin-Ⅸ,ZnPPⅨ）和单纯10μmol/ml ZnPPⅨ与培养的NRCMs共同孵育6h,以及10μg/ml LPS与NRCMs共同孵育9h和18h。分别观察细胞HO－1 mRNA表达、MDA含量、LDH释放量与台盼蓝摄取率的变化。结果显示,同样与细胞孵育6h,LPS10μg/ml时HO－1 mRNA表达比对照组增加81.2％,30μg/ml时表达量增加126.3％,50μg/ml时表达量增加92.8％;LPS为10μg/ml时,孵育9h后HO－1 mRNA的表达量比对照组增加93.6％,孵育18h后一增加105.8％。LPS30、50μg/ml,10μg/ml LPS＋10μmol/ml ZnPPⅨ与细胞孵育6h及LPS 10μg/ml孵育18h后,细胞MDA含量、LDH释放量与台盼蓝摄取率明显增加（P＜0.01）;单纯10μg/ml LPS与单纯10μmol/ml ZnPPⅨ孵育6h后,上述指标均无明显升高。结果表明,LPS可诱导NRCMs HO－1 mRNA的表达,且在较低LPS剂量范围内具有时间依赖性和浓度依赖性;NRCMs HO-1 mRNA的表达可减低LPS引起的细胞损伤,这可能是细胞产生的一种自身保护性反应。     

13-甲基十四烷酸对大鼠脑皮层星形胶质细胞氧反常的影响

目的研究13-甲基十四烷酸(13-methyltetradecanoic Acid,13-MTD)对大鼠脑皮质星形胶质细胞氧反常的保护作用。方法传代培养新生SD乳鼠大脑皮质星形胶质原代细胞,以氧糖剥夺/再复氧糖(OGD/R)方法复制氧反常模型,OGD 10 h/R 24 h,于再复氧糖即刻分别给予13-MTD 20,40,80μg/m L(M20,M40,M80)干预,倒置显微镜动态观察星形胶质细胞形态,细胞免疫化学鉴定角质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP),MTT法检测线粒体活性,免疫组化法检测星形胶质细胞的水通道蛋白4(aquaporin 4,AQP4)蛋白表达。结果OGD 10 h/R 24 h损伤后,体外培养的SD乳鼠脑皮质星形胶质细胞出现明显损伤,线粒体活性显著下降(P0.01),星形胶质细胞膜AQP4蛋白表达量明显增加(P0.01);与模型组比较,13-MTD 20,40,80μg/m L可减少损伤,使线粒体活性上升、AQP4蛋白表达减少,以80μg/m L效果最好(P0.01)。结论 13-MTD可通过降低AQP4的表达,提高线粒体活性,减轻细胞水肿,进而保护氧反常诱导的星形胶质细胞损伤。     

颈髓损伤后线粒体系列酶活性变化与线粒体功能的关系

为了探讨颈髓损伤后颈髓线粒体系列酶活性变化与线粒体功能的关系,采用Ａｌｅｎ法造成猫颈髓损伤,观察颈髓损伤后线粒体Ｃａ２＋,Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶、Ｎａ＋,Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性及线粒体呼吸功能的变化。结果显示：颈髓损伤后２ｈ至７２ｈ,Ｃａ２＋,Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶、Ｎａ＋,Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性、ＳＯＤ活性明显降低,而线粒体呼吸控制率（ＲＣＲ）、磷氧比值（Ｐ／Ｏ）、氧化磷酸化效率（ＯＰＲ）也明显下降。表明颈髓损伤后Ｃａ２＋,Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶、Ｎａ＋,Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶、ＳＯＤ活性与线粒体功能密切相关,提示颈髓线粒体的病理生理改变在颈髓损伤后继发性损害过程中起重要作用。     

d-儿茶精对抗坏血酸和硫酸亚铁诱导鼠肝线粒体损伤的作用

研究证实：ｄ－儿茶精有较强的抗氧化活性,对于鼠肝线粒体膜脂质过氧化损伤具有良好的保护作用。实验采用抗坏血酸和硫酸亚铁为鼠肝线粒体损伤的诱导剂,探讨ｄ－儿茶精对其影响。结果表明;ｄ－儿茶精增加受损伤的线粒体膜脂质流动性,减少脂质过氧化物形成和线粒体膨胀。并降低线粒体经ＡＤＰ刺激后的氧耗量,从而维护了线粒体结构和功能的完整性     

大豆磷脂脂质体对再灌注心肌线粒体的影响

利用Ｌａｎｇｅｎｄｏｒｆｆ离体心脏灌流装置,研究在缺血－再灌注时补充大豆磷脂脂质体对心肌线粒体膜脂质特性和超微结构的影响。结果：在缺血－再灌注时补充大豆磷脂脂质体可提高线粒体膜磷脂含量,抑制胆固醇－磷脂摩尔比和膜脂质微粘度的增加,改善线粒体的超微结构。结果表明,补充大豆磷脂脂质体对再灌注心肌线粒体的脂质特性和超微结构的损伤性变化具有保护作用。     

猪腹部火器伤肠管穿透后心肌损伤的变化

目的:观察腹部火器伤肠管穿透后心肌损伤的变化.方法:健康长白仔猪42头随机分为对照组以及伤后1h、2h、4h、8h、12h和24h组.实验组建立腹部火器伤肠管穿透模型后,分别测定伤后1 h、2h、4h、8h、12h和24h组各组动物血清中LDH、CK、CK-MB水平,并与对照组比较,观察实验组各时间点心脏组织学变化?结果:伤后各组血清LDH、CK、CK-MB水平均高于对照组.伤后8h、12h、24h组光镜下出现逐渐加重的心肌细胞水肿、变性;电镜下4h、8h、12h、24h组出现逐渐的线粒体肿胀、溶解;对照组光、电镜下未见明显的损伤性变化.结论:腹部火器伤肠管穿透导致心肌形态和酶的损伤性变化,随着伤后时间的延长而加重.     

氧化应激心肌细胞prohibitin表达与分布变化及其生物学意义

目的：探讨prohibitin在氧化应激心肌细胞中的表达与分布变化的特点及其在心肌细胞损伤中的意义。方法：H2O2干预体外培养乳鼠心肌细胞,建立氧化应激心肌细胞损伤模型;采用生物化学法检测细胞培养液中LDH活性及MTT实验观察心肌细胞损伤程度;以Western印迹法检测氧化应激时prohibitin蛋白表达变化与分布变化;线粒体H^＋-ATPase合成活力实验检测线粒体氧化磷酸化功能;流式细胞术检测线粒体跨膜电位。结果：氧化应激组LDH活性显著高于对照组,而细胞存活率低于对照组34．51％～65．5％;线粒体H^＋-ATPase合成活力降低60％;氧化应激组线粒体跨膜电位显著低于对照组;心肌细胞prohibitin表达水平在H2O2,处理3h出现升高然后回落到正常水平,线粒体prohibitin表达水平高于对照组。结论：氧化应激心肌细胞prohibitin表达水平代偿性增加并有向线粒体移位的趋势,氧化应激导致心肌细胞线粒体功能障碍。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.