鳄蜥捕食蜥蜴和蛇的现象

鳄蜥(Shinisaurus crocodilurus)主要捕食部分昆虫、蜘蛛、蚯蚓、小型蛙类和小鱼等,但尚未见报道鳄蜥捕食其他相对较大的动物。本文报道了鳄蜥捕食变色树蜥(Calotesversicolor)和翠青蛇(Cyclophiopsmajor)的现象,以全事件记录法观察分析了鳄蜥猎捕这两种爬行动物的行为过程。这次新发现说明鳄蜥食谱较广,具有捕食蜥蜴等个体偏大动物的能力。因此,我们建议在饲养繁育中投喂更多类型的食物以避免营养不良。     

湖北省发现灰腹绿蛇

2010年和2017年,在湖北省宜昌市兴山县采集到3条蛇类标本(2♀,1♂),经鉴定为灰腹绿蛇(Rhadinophis frenatus),为湖北省蛇类分布新记录种。标本均保存在湖北神农架森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站动物标本室。     

赤峰锦蛇的生态观察

赤峰锦蛇的生态观察周玉峰（沈阳师范学院生物系,１１００３４）ＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＯｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｏｆＥｌａｐｈｅａｎｏｍａｌａ．￥ＺｈｏｕＹｕｆｅｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇｙ,ＳｈｅｎｙａｎｇＴｅａｃｈｅｒ＇ｓＣｏｌｌｅｇｅ１１...     

四川省蛇类一新纪录——绿锦蛇

2001年7月23日,四川省冕宁中学学生喇龙强在凉山州的金阳县对坪乡对坪小学附近采得一条蛇类标本,编号为2001-4。     

四川省蛇类一新纪录——绿锦蛇

2001年7月23日,四川省冕宁中学学生喇龙强在凉山州的金阳县对坪乡对坪小学附近采得一条蛇类标本,编号为2001-4。     

中国团花锦蛇的研究

本文就我们多年的研究,并结合有关文献,对团花锦蛇的形态、生态习性等进行了综合报道。团花锦蛇成体褐色,背中央及两侧有三行数多的镶细黑边、深褐色椭圆形斑,中央一行大,约有两侧的２倍或２倍以上;食鼠、鸟、亦食卵和蛇;卵生;繁殖期７－９月。     

莽山烙铁头蛇生殖的初步观察

１９９４年６月－１９９５年２月对新属新种莽山烙铁头蛇Ｅｒｍｉａｍａｇｎｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ的生殖生态进行了观察。记录到该种蛇生殖前后的生态习性、产卵时间和数量、孵出仔蛇的时间等资料。     

棕黑锦蛇卵的孵化观察

从１９７５－１９９０年，观察了棕黑锦蛇卵在室内的孵化。共获东北三省（黑龙江、吉林、辽宁）棕黑锦蛇５１条，其中雌蛇２６条。收集卵８３枚，在室温下孵化，孵化期为４５－６２天。仔蛇第一次蜕皮后即可饮水捕食。投饲乳鼠（每只重２．５－３．５克）咬住猎物不松口，并缠绕挤压，然后寻其头部吞食，如食物丰富，仔蛇易成活。     

我国几种蛇的种下分类

本文研究了海南闪鳞蛇、紫沙蛇、山烙铁头蛇与竹叶青蛇各地居群的鳞被特征,采用经典的亚种划分标准,描述了海南闪鳞蛇大陆亚种、紫沙蛇台湾亚种、山烙铁头蛇贡山亚种及竹叶青蛇海南亚种第４个新亚种。     

救护鳄蜥食物有害重金属和农药残留的检测北大核心CSCD

鳄蜥(Shinisaurus crocodilurus)为国家I级保护野生动物。近年来,我国广西大桂山鳄蜥国家级自然保护区北娄繁育基地救护的鳄蜥一直存在疾病困扰,但原因不明。为了探讨这些疾病的发生是否与其食物中的重金属及农药污染相关,本研究采用电感耦合等离子体质谱和色谱质谱分析技术来检测其主要食物中的重金属和农药残留含量。结果显示,与其食物(蚯蚓)相比,鳄蜥体内的重金属含量更低,同时,农药残留含量在鳄蜥及其食物中均未检测出,说明重金属和农药通过食物的生物放大作用而在鳄蜥体内累积的可能性较小。因此,重金属与农药这两类环境污染物对鳄蜥疾病发生的影响较小。本研究为鳄蜥的人工救护繁育工作提供一定的参考,有利于鳄蜥的保护工作。     

龟嗜皮菌的快速鉴定及其在鳄蜥 皮肤病原检测中的应用

龟嗜皮菌(Austwickia chelonae)感染爬行类、鸟类、哺乳类等,造成野生动物和家养动物患皮肤病甚至死亡,近年来这种病原体在Ⅰ级保护动物鳄蜥(Shinisaurus crocodilurus)的救护种群中暴发。传统的病原检测方法费时耗力。本文基于龟嗜皮菌全基因组序列开发了特异性高、方便快捷的龟嗜皮菌检测方法,并应用于鳄蜥的皮肤病风险预测。本研究开发的3对检测龟嗜皮菌的特异引物中,AC3引物的使用效果最好。     

Crocodile predation on a proboscis monkey in Borneo

An adult male proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) on the edge of the Sekonyer Kanan River was seized by a crocodile 6 km downstream from the Orangutan Research and Conservation Project base camp where a crocodile had taken a crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis) two years earlier. This incident helps establish false gavials (Tomistoma schlegeli) as important predators on refuging primate populations in southern Borneo and indicates that predation may have influenced the evolution of some behaviors with an antipredator function in bothNasalis andMacaca fascicularis.     

广东罗坑自然保护区鳄蜥生境选择的季节性差异

2006年3-10月,在广东省罗坑鳄蜥自然保护区利用直接观察法对鳄蜥春、夏、秋3季的生境选择进行研究。春、夏、秋3季各测定了31、71、31个有鳄蜥样方以及50、90、51个对照样方的14种生态因子。利用生态因子对比分析和逐步判别分析确定各季节生境选择的主要影响因素。结果表明,春季影响鳄蜥生境选择的主要影响因素是溪沟底质中沙的含量和植被盖度,正确判别率为97.5%;夏季影响鳄蜥生境选择的主要影响因素是溪沟底质中沙的含量、植被盖度、溪流宽度和枯枝百分比,正确判别率为94.4%;秋季影响鳄蜥生境选择的主要影响因素是溪沟底质中沙的含量、植被盖度和可利用食物量,正确判别率为97.6%。在区分春、夏、秋3季鳄蜥生境选择方面有一系列生态因子发挥作用,依照贡献值的大小依次为可利用食物量、干扰距离、枯枝百分比、溪水流速、溪沟坡度和溪宽等6个因子,由这6个变量构成的方程对春、夏、秋3季鳄蜥生境的正确区分率达到76.7%。判别函数的分析表明,春、夏、秋3季鳄蜥的生境选择具有较高的差异性,以判别函数建立的判别分类图表明,春、夏季以及夏、秋季鳄蜥的生境选择重叠较多,而秋季与春季的重叠较少。     

饶氏藻显微结构及泡状饶氏藻超微结构研究

饶氏藻是我国绿藻门中的特有类群,藻体盘状．表面不平整。文中对中国各地的饶氏藻及泡状饶氏藻进行了广泛采集调查和显微结构观察,并比较了不同地区标本各层细胞的直径。还观察到许多地区的藻体表层细胞的特殊结构——突起,补充了该类群的显微结构特征。同时对河南修武云台山的泡状饶氏藻进行了电镜观察,与北京房山产的泡状饶氏藻比较,二者的超微结构特征十分相似。值得注意的是,这个种的线粒体超微结构很特殊,具有纵向排列的“嵴”。     

Lizards and termites revisited

Abstract We evaluate the hypothesis, originally proposed for arid Australia, that abundant and diverse termite assemblages can promote lizard radiation, based on a reappraisal of published data and on new data from the Cerrado biome in central Brazil. We found a positive correlation between termite and lizard richness in Cerrado. However, termite abundance and richness cannot actively drive lizard speciation, but can be important in maintaining lizard richness. Cerrado shares with arid Australia a rich and abundant termite fauna, but local Cerrado lizard assemblages are relatively impoverished. We suggest that differences in lizard richness between Cerrado and arid Australia may be explained by a combination of variations in area and latitude controlling speciation rates and present‐day ecological factors moderating extinction rates.     

Bacterial isolates from Palomena prasina (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) include potential microbial control agents

The green shield bug, Palomena prasina (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a pest of deciduous trees and shrubs throughout Turkey and is found in a large variety of habitats, including gardens. We investigated the facultative cultivable bacterial flora of 10 healthy and 5 dead green shield bugs, collected from the vicinity of Trabzon, Turkey, and tested them for insecticidal activity. Based on the conventional and molecular tests, 12 different bacteria were isolated and identified as Curtobacterium sp., Rhodococcus sp., Arthrobacter nicotinovorans, Arthrobacter oxydans, Agrococcus jejuensis, Pseudomonas poae, Raoultella terrigena, Serratia sp., Lysinibacillus sphaericus, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, Bacillus thuringiensis and Microbacterium oxydans. Mortalities due to the application of 0.5 mL of L. sphaericus, B. thuringiensis and R. terrigena at a density of OD₆₀₀ 1.89 were 60%, 70% and 60%, respectively, on adult P. prasina. This indicates that facultative cultivable bacterial flora isolated from P. prasina have potential for microbial control of this pest.     

Variability in the Assessment of Snake Predation Risk by Liolaemus Lizards

The ability to assess and respond to predation risk is a strong selective force. Detection of predators is carried out by one or more sensory modalities, but the use of chemoreception has significant advantages. This study examines the chemosensorial assessment of snake predation risk and corresponding behaviours in different species and populations of Liolaemus lizards naturally exposed to different levels of snake predation pressure. The species studied were sympatric (Liolaemus lemniscatus), parapatric (L. nigroviridis) and allopatric (L. fitzgeraldi) to the saurophagous snake, Philodryas chamissonis. Additionally, two populations of L. lemniscatus from areas differing in snake densities were compared. Chemo‐assessment of predation risk was determined by comparing the number of tongue‐flicks (TF) and the behavioural responses of lizards submitted to three treatments (with semiochemicals of snake, conspecifics, and without semiochemicals – control). The results suggest that Liolaemus lizards can chemo‐assess snake predation risk, but this was modulated by the predation pressure experienced by lizards in their natural habitats. When exposed to snake semiochemicals, the sympatric prey showed less chemical exploratory behaviour (i.e. lower number of TF), a higher frequency of antipredator behaviours that would reduce its detection by a predator, and did not show the behaviour triggered by conspecific semiochemicals. The parapatric prey showed similar number of TF across different treatments, suggesting an absence of recognition of snake semiochemicals; however, it did show antipredatory behaviours when confronted with snake semiochemicals. The allopatric prey showed similar behaviour in all treatments. Both populations of the sympatric species, L. lemniscatus, showed a similar ability to detect predation risk when confronted with snake semiochemicals (i.e. similar number of TF), but antipredatory behaviours were diminished, and marking behaviours were present in the population subject to lower predation pressure. Relaxed predation pressure from a predator that releases and detects semiochemicals had similar consequences at species and population levels.     

The Influence of Incubation Conditions and Sex on Growth and Dispersal in Hatchling Lizards

Dispersal is a critical process that has profound influence on ecological and evolutionary processes. Many proximate factors influence natal dispersal, but it is currently unclear whether the conditions experienced during incubation play an important role. We manipulated incubation temperature and used mark–recapture of released hatchlings to test this hypothesis. We tested this hypothesis on the prairie lizard (Sceloporus consobrinus) using two experimental islands in a local reservoir. Incubation conditions influenced some aspects of hatchling morphology, but had little influence on the probability of dispersal. As generally predicted for a polygynous species, males were more likely to disperse than females; however, the growth rate of dispersing vs. resident individuals varied depending on sex. Dispersive male lizards did not grow faster than resident males, whereas female dispersers grew significantly slower than resident females. Although our study was not specifically designed to test for differential costs of dispersal for males and females, this pattern is consistent with recent research demonstrating sex‐specific fitness costs of dispersal.