繁殖期雌性蓝狐性激素检测与 性器官组织学观察

为了研究繁殖期雌性蓝狐(Alopexlagopus)类固醇激素含量、发情表现与性器官组织学结构之间的关系,于2019年选取繁殖期不同发情状况的雌性蓝狐,共18只,分为典型发情、非典型发情和不发情3组。通过无损伤取样法采集粪便与尿液并通过放射免疫法(RIA)测定孕酮(P)和雌二醇(E2)的含量;每组选取1只在发情并输精的当天取卵巢和子宫,进行组织学观察。结果显示,所测定典型发情、非典型发情、不发情蓝狐类固醇激素水平,雌二醇在尿液中的含量显著高于粪便,且在不同组间差异明显,尤其在典型发情组更高,达到(11 065.17±546.76)ng/L;孕酮含量尿液与粪样差异不大,孕酮含量在典型发情雌性蓝狐粪便与尿液含量差异不显著,但在不发情雌性蓝狐中差异显著,为(16.61±0.63)μg/L。粪尿测定孕酮和雌二醇激素含量与三组不同情况的发情表现相比相关性显著。粪、尿作为类固醇激素检测样本,虽然含量有差异,但变化趋势一致,都可使用。卵巢与子宫在典型发情雌性蓝狐中体积较大,卵巢可见各级卵泡和多个黄体,子宫黏膜上皮为柱状上皮,排列紧密,固有层内可见大量腺体;非典型发情雌性蓝狐卵巢、子宫发育状况与典型发情雌性蓝狐相类似;不发情雌性蓝狐卵巢、子宫呈静息状态,卵巢中卵泡多处于闭锁状态,无卵母细胞,也无黄体,固有层间质细胞及肌层肌细胞排列更为紧密。说明检测孕酮和雌二醇激素的含量,可以准确判定蓝狐发情的状态。     

芹菜素对雌性大鼠生殖轴的影响

目的：探讨芹菜素在10-9mol/L浓度时对雌性大鼠生殖功能的影响。方法：应用侧脑室注射方法观察芹菜素对雌性大鼠生殖轴激素含量的影响。在侧脑室注射后第3天取血浆,采用放免技术测定血浆中促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）、卵泡刺激素（FSH）、黄体生成素（LH）、雌二醇（E2）、孕酮（P）的含量。结果：在给药后第3天血浆中促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）、卵泡刺激素（FSH）、黄体生成素（LH）的含量增加而雌二醇（E2）、孕酮（P）的含量降低,差异有显著性。结论：芹菜素抑制雌二醇（E2）合成中芳香化酶的活性实现对雌二醇（E2）、孕酮（P）分泌的抑制。芹菜素通过影响雌激素受体而使下丘脑的促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）和腺垂体的卵泡刺激素（FSH）、黄体生成素（LH）分泌增加。     

大熊猫雌性个体发情期生殖内分沁变化的研究

本文首次报道了用黄体生成素的生物测定法测定大熊猫发情期黄体生成素的生物活性与雌二醇、孕酮的关系。雌性大熊猫在发情高潮后两天,尿中黄体生成素的生物活性与雌二醇同时出现峰值,并与雄性变配。随后尿中孕酮浓度迅速增长,其浓度远远大于发情前期的水平。生殖内分泌的变化证实:雌性大熊猫在发情期中有成熟的卵子排出。     

左旋十米甲基炔诺酮对大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞和垂体细胞激素合成及分泌的 …

研究了左旋十八甲基炔诺酮对大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞和垂体细胞激素合成及分泌的直接作用。结果显示左旋十米甲基炔诺酮单独作用于无血清培养的颗粒细胞时,抑制雌二醇的合成,但刺激孕酮的分泌;在与促卵泡素合并处理时,颗粒细胞雌二醇、孕酮的分泌量随着左旋十米甲基炔诺酮浓度的增加而增加。利用促性腺激素生物测定方法证明大鼠整体用左旋十八甲基炔诺酮处理后,垂体中促卵泡素和促黄体生成素活性明显下降;同时外周血清中促卵泡素的活     

左旋十八甲基炔诺酮对大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞和垂体细胞激素合成及分泌的影响

研究了左旋十八甲基炔诺酮对大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞和垂体细胞激素合成及分泌的直接作用。结果显示左旋十八甲基炔诺酮单独作用于无血清培养的颗粒细胞时,抑制雌二醇的合成,但刺激孕酮的分泌;在与促卵泡素合并处理时,颗粒细胞雌二醇、孕酮的分泌量随着左旋十八甲基炔诺酮浓度的增加而增加。利用促性腺激素生物测定方法证明大鼠整体用左旋十八甲基炔诺酮处理后,垂体中促卵泡素和促黄体生成素活性明显下降;同时外周血清中促卵泡素的活性亦下降。培养的垂体单纯用左旋十八甲基炔诺酮处理后,其培养液经生物测定呈现抑制颗粒细胞雌二醇和孕酮的分泌,促性腺激素释放激素可减弱左旋十八甲基炔诺酮的抑制作用。提示左旋十八甲基炔诺酮除通过垂体卵巢轴系起作用外,还能直接作用于卵巢。     

小熊猫繁殖周期血清雌二醇和孕酮含量变化

为研究小熊猫繁殖周期血清雌二醇、孕酮含量变化规律,采用化学发光免疫分析法连续16 次测定了2只成体雌性小熊猫血清雌二醇和孕酮含量变化,历经发情间期、发情期和两次妊娠期;连续9次测定了7只小熊猫妊娠期的孕酮含量变化。结果:(1)发情间期,小熊猫血清雌二醇的水平一直维持在低水平(基础水平),进入发情前期,血清雌二醇水平明显升高,在发情期一直维持高水平,配种后迅速降至基础水平; (2)小熊猫血清孕酮含量在发情间期和发情期均维持在较低水平,直至发情期过后才出现升高,在妊娠期一直维持高水平,峰值出现在5 月;(3)发情的小熊猫不论妊娠与否,在妊娠期内血清孕酮含量均维持在高水平。研究表明:小熊猫血清雌二醇、孕酮含量变化能直接反映其繁殖规律,雌二醇对启动雌性小熊猫季节性繁殖起重要作用;在妊娠期内小熊猫血清孕酮含量升高不能作为判断小熊猫妊娠的标准;雌性小熊猫在妊娠期有假孕现象。     

正常月经周期妇女卵泡液中激素水平的变化

本文测定了24例正常月经妇女在不同时相、不同大小卵泡的卵泡液中雌二醇(E_2)、孕酮(P_0)、雄烯二酮(A)、睾酮(T)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)和催乳素(PRL)的含量,并分析其与外周血中相应激素浓度的关系。测定结果显示:小卵泡的卵泡液中E_2、Po,FSH,LH水平低于大卵泡中水平,而A和T水平则相反。排卵前大卵泡中E_2(9815nmol/L),P_0(3316nmol/L),FSH(1.34IU/L)和LH(3.9lIU/L)达最高值。A(280nmol/L)和T(137nmol/L)却较小卵泡中水平低(相应为692nmol/L和176nmol/L)。PRL水平在大小卵泡中无显著性差异。卵泡液中甾体激素水平高于外周血7—20.000倍,FSH、LH水平为外周血的10—80％,PRL水平为60％—3倍。     

注射LHRHa对泥鳅血清性类固醇激素变化研究

研究了注射促黄体激素类似物(LHRHa)后,泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)血清性类同醇激素的变化规律,并探讨在泥鳅繁殖季节时.孕酮(P)、睾酮(T)和雌二醇(E2)对性腺发育的作用及调节机制.实验共分两组,对照组和实验组;对照组只注射生理盐水;实验组注射LHRHa,雌鱼0.2 μg/g,雄鱼减半.注射前尾静脉采血,作为血液样本分析基础水平(Oh),注射药物后分别在7、24、48、72和96h尾静脉采血.测定雌鱼睾酮、雌二醇和孕酮,雄鱼孕酮和睾酬血清浓度.实验结果表明:注射LHRHa,雌鱼血清睾酮和雌二醇浓度显著高于对照组,雄鱼血清睾酮和孕酮显著高于对照组(P<0.05);24h浓度较高.雌鱼孕酬、睾酮和雌二醇分别为(0.710±0.082)ng/mL、(9.00±0.57)ng/mL和(696.4±26.2)pg/mL,雄鱼孕酮和睾酮分别为(0.527±0.121)ng/mL和(9.62±0.62)ng/mL.实验组雌鱼孕酮变化基本规律为,基础水平(0-7h)-逐渐升至最高(7-24h)-逐渐降至基础水平(24-48h)-维持基础水平(48-96h).实验组雌鱼睾酮和雌二醇与雄鱼孕酮和睾酮变化规律基本相似,其规律为,逐渐上升至最高(0-24h)-逐渐降至基础水平(24-72h)-维持基础水(72-96h).24h对照组雌鱼睾酮和雌二醇显著升高,浓度分别为:睾酮(2.20±0.18)ng/mL,雌二醇(269.1±36.6)pg/mL.对照组雄鱼血清孕酮和睾酮浓度实验期间均无显著变化.研究认为:LHRHa能够刺激泥鳅性类同醇激素分泌,特别是睾酮的分泌,显著提高雌鱼性腺指数(GSI).但刺激P的分泌调控能力有限,实验期间处于较低水平,诱导排卵效果差,泥鳅的性类固醇激素可能有特殊的调节机制.雌二醇和睾酮对性腺成熟有重要作用,孕酮对介导卵细胞最终成熟和排卵可能起重要作用,而雌二醇和睾酮无明显效果.     

人卵泡液中有卵泡促性腺激素释放肽

过去曾经多次报道,卵泡液和精液能促进脑垂体促性腺激素分泌,但对其中活性物质的化学结构尚未了解。美国李卓浩等报道,从人卵泡液中分离到一个14肽,即人卵泡促性腺激素释放肽(hF-GRP)。在离体条件下,hF-GRP 具有促进垂体促性腺激素分泌的活性。用小鼠垂体培养法测定,其促进卵泡刺激素(FSH)或黄体生成素(LH)释放的 ED_(50)值分别为每管2.0μg/ml(1.2nmol/L)和2.6μg/ml(1.6nmol/L),活性比下丘脑黄体生成素释放激素(LHRH)低。初步资料表明,hF-GRP 在大鼠完整垂体培养系统及垂体     

蒙药乌力吉-18对大鼠下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴相关激素及受体表达的影响

目的:探讨蒙药乌力吉-18对大鼠下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴相关激素及受体的影响。方法:选取40只健康雌性未孕SD大鼠,随机分为空白组、对照组、乌力吉-18高、低2个剂量组,每组10只。空白组灌胃等体积蒸馏水,对照组灌胃逍遥丸,高、低剂量组分别灌胃2.0 g·kg^-1·d^-1、1.0 g·kg^-1·d^-1乌力吉-18,连续给药31学艺术d。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)、促卵泡生成素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E₂)及孕酮(PROG)的含量;免疫组化法检测下丘脑组织促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)、垂体组织促性腺激素释放激素受体(GnRHR)的表达;以蛋白免疫印迹技术检测卵巢组织促卵泡生成素受体(FSHR)、黄体生成素受体(LHR)蛋白表达量。以实时荧光定量PCR检测卵巢组织中FSHR、LHR基因表达量。结果:与空白组比较,乌力吉-18低剂量组可明显升高血清LH含量(P<0.05),上调下丘脑组织GnRH、垂体组织GnRHR表达及卵巢组织FSHR、LHR蛋白表达(P<0.05);乌力吉-18高剂量组可显著升高血清FSH、LH、E₂含量(P<0.05),上调下丘脑组织GnRH表达及卵巢组织FSHR表达量(P<0.05),并可显著升高卵巢组织中FSHR、LHR基因表达量(P<0.05);对照组可明显升高血清E₂含量(P<0.05)。结论:蒙药乌力吉-18可明显升高血清FSH、LH及E₂的含量,促进下丘脑组织GnRH、垂体组织GnRHR及卵巢组织中FSHR、LHR的表达,表明乌力吉-18能够对下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴相关激素及受体表达产生影响。     

二甲双胍对多囊卵巢综合征肥胖型患者LH和FSH的影响

目的：探讨二甲双胍对多囊卵巢综合征肥胖型患者血清中胰岛素、LH和FSH水平的影响。方法：将84例PCOS肥胖型患者随机分成44例对照组（克罗米芬）和40例观察组（二甲双胍）,采用放射免疫法测定黄体生成素（LH）和卵泡刺激素（FSH）的水平,分别于服药前（0分钟）和服后60、120分钟经前臂静脉采血,测血糖浓度及血清胰岛素水平。结果：对照组患者治疗前0min、60min及120min的血糖OGTT分别为（4．57±0．25）mmol／L、（8．38±7．05）mmol/L（7.21±0．12）mmol／L。治疗后0min、60min及120min的血糖OGTT无明显变化。观察组患者治疗前0min、60min及120min的血糖OGTT分别为（4．11±0．31）mmol／L、（8．23±6．57）mmol／L及（7．25±0．13）mmol／L,治疗后0min、60min及120min的血糖0GTT明显降低。对照组患者治疗前血清中胰岛素为（47．32±9．52）U／ml,治疗后为（42．25±7．65）U／ml,治疗前后无明显差异。观察组患者治疗前血清中胰岛素为（46．41±6．11）U／ml,治疗后血清胰岛素水平明显降低。对照组患者治疗后血清中LH为（17．22±2．14）mU／ml,FSH为（1．24±0．33）mU／ml,而与对照组相比,观察组患者血清中的LH明显降低,而FSH水平升高。结论：二甲双胍导致多囊卵巢综合征患者血清中胰岛素水平降低,从而减轻了胰岛素对LH的刺激作用,使LH水平下降,FSH升高,进而改善机体的激素紊乱,最终达到治疗PCOS的目的。     

Equine oocyte in vitro maturation: influences of sera, time, and hormones.

Objectives of the present research were to determine the influences of types of media, sera, time and hormones on equine oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM). The following types of media and sera were evaluated: Menezo's B2 medium (B2), modified Tissue Culture Medium 199 (TCM), Defined Medium (DM), fetal calf serum (FCS), mare serum collected on the first day of estrus (MS), and mare serum collected on the day of ovulation (MSO). Resultant oocyte maturation was compared with the control: DM with bovine serum albumin (BSA). Effect of culture time (0, 15, and 32 hr) and the following hormones on oocyte IVM were evaluated: none, bovine luteinizing hormone (bLH; 1, 10, 100 micrograms/ml), equine luteinizing hormone (eLH; 100 micrograms/ml), bovine follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH; 5 micrograms/ml), and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG; 1 and 100 IU/ml). Cumulus expansion in the media and sera experiments was 50% (DM with BSA), 80% (TCM, B2, and DM with MS or MSO), and 100% (FCS with any medium). The proportion of metaphase II (MII) oocytes was significantly (P less than 0.05) increased the percentage of MII oocytes as compared with 0 hr of culture. Cumulus expansion in the hormone experiments was 80% (none, bLH, and eLH), and 100% (eCG and FSH). Freshly prepared bLH significantly (P less than 0.05) inhibited nuclear maturation of equine oocytes. In summary, 15 hr of culture was sufficient time for equine oocyte IVM and all combinations of medium, serum, and hormone addition were equally effective in achieving IVM except fresh bLH and DM with BSA.     

亚硒酸钠对西门塔尔母牛发情周期生殖激素分泌的影响

选用12头18月龄,体况良好,体重380 kg的西门塔尔牛育成母牛,采用完全随机区组设计分为4组,研究亚硒酸钠(0、0.3、0.6和0.9 mg Se/kg DM)对发情周期外周血清促黄体素、促卵泡素、孕酮和雌二醇分泌的影响。结果表明:日粮添加亚硒酸钠后发情周期促黄体素、促卵泡素、孕酮和雌二醇分泌水平提高,0.3 mg/kg组和0.6 mg/kg组显著高于对照组(P<0.05),0.3 mg/kg组较0.6 mg/kg组高(P>0.05)。根据试验结果推断以亚硒酸钠为硒源,添加0.3 mg Se/kg DM对发情周期生殖激素分泌有显著促进作用,兼顾基础日粮的含硒量,建议日粮硒水平为0.37 mg Se/kg DM。     

Gonadal steroid hormone level in blood plasma and milk of primiparous and multiparous nonpregnant and pregnant buffaloes

Changes in the concentration of progesterone and estradiol-17beta were measured by radioimmunoassay in 11 primiparous and 17 multiparous buffaloes at estrus and daily post insemination and in 6 nonbred buffaloes at 6 hour intervals from 4 days before expected estrus to one day after estrus. Plasma progesterone concentration at estrus was 0.1 ng/ml which rose to a peak level of 3.47 ng/ml on day 17. It fluctuated around this level in those animals which conceived, but followed a declining trend in those which failed to do so and attained lowest values on the day of next estrus. Temporal changes of the hormone revealed that the occurrence of major decline varjed between 16 and 62 h before estrus. The average concentration in milk was about three to four times higher than in plasma. The concentration of estradiol-17beta about 23.50 pg/ml at estrus and fluctuated around 10 pg/ml in animals that returned to estrus with a peak around estrus. Temporal changes of hormone revealed that peak level occurred 8-17 h before estrus. The concentration of estradiol in pregnant animals fluctuated around 10 pg/ml. The concentration in milk was about 2-3 times higher than in plasma. There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in the concentrations of progesterone and estradiol-17beta between primiparous and multiparous animals.     

Cervical patency during non-ovulatory and ovulatory estrus cycles in domestic cats

The cervix functions as a barrier to spermatozoa. Vaginal artificial insemination in cats is, therefore, likely to be successful only at the period of estrus when the cervix is open. This study aimed to define the period of cervical patency in cats in both non-ovulatory and ovulatory estrus cycles. A total of 15 reproductive cycles were studied in six cats during the estrous stage. Cervical patency was monitored with the cats under sedation, by infusing 2 mL of Iohexol contrast medium via a 3.5 French tomcat catheter into the cranial vagina during estrus. Day one of estrus was defined as the first day the cats showed estrous behavior. Non-ovulatory cycles were characterized by a serum progesterone concentration on days 11-15 that was below 5 nmol/L and a normal interestrus interval of 7-14 days. Ovulatory cycles were characterized by a serum progesterone concentration on days 11-15 that was above 5 nmol/L and an interestrus interval that exceeded 30 days. The cervix was considered to be open when the contrast medium was seen to enter the uterus, and to be closed when the contrast medium remained in the vagina. Blood samples were collected at each examination and were assayed for estradiol-17beta and progesterone concentrations. The cervix was open on the first day of standing estrus at a mean estradiol-17beta serum concentration of 87.4+/-21.8 pmol/L (range 14 to >or=180 pmol/L) and closed at an estradiol concentration of 47.1+/-12.4 pmol/L (range 4 to >or=180 pmol/L). In the ovulatory cycles the cervix was closed at a progesterone concentration of 9.8+/-4.4 nmol/L (range 0.6-28.4 nmol/L). There was no difference in the duration of cervical patency in non-ovulatory and ovulatory cycles (5.5+/-1.2 days and 5.2+/-0.5 days, respectively) (p>0.05). The higher overall mean concentrations of estradiol-17beta seen in the ovulatory cycles than in the non-ovulatory cycles, indicate that a high level of estradiol is necessary for induction of ovulation. Ovulation in 60% of unmated females in this study indicates that the techniques used for evaluation of cyclus stage and cervical opening have the potential to induce ovulation in the cat. This study demonstrates that cervical patency is not influenced by the occurrence of ovulation, but is due to individual variations between cats.     

Pituitary and ovarian luteinizing hormone releasing hormone receptors during the estrous cycle, pregnancy and lactation in the rat

Female Sprague-Dawley rats were decapitated at various stages of the estrous cycle, pregnancy, lactation and following ovariectomy. Anterior pituitary and ovarian tissues were collected and assayed to quantify luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) receptors. No changes were noted in receptor affinity either between tissues or physiological stages studied. Pituitary LHRH receptor concentrations and content were greater (P less than 0.05) during diestrus II and proestrus than during estrus. Pituitary LHRH receptor concentrations and content during pregnancy were not different from those during estrus, however, a significant decrease was noted in pituitary LHRH receptor content and concentrations during lactation compared to estrus. Ovarian LHRH receptor content did not change with stage of reproduction (P less than 0.05). There was, however, a decrease (P less than 0.05) in ovarian LHRH receptor concentrations at Week 3 of pregnancy and Week 1 of lactation which was possibly due to the increase ovarian weight noted at both these physiological stages. There was no correlation (P less than 0.1) between ovarian and pituitary LHRH receptor numbers (r = 0.096). These findings suggest that the internal mechanisms which control changes in pituitary LHRH receptor numbers do not control ovarian LHRH receptor numbers.     

促排卵周期中未破裂黄素化卵泡综合征与性激素的关系探讨

目的:对未破裂黄素化卵泡综合征(LUFS)周期及正常排卵周期患者在不同时间性激素进行测定与比较,探讨LUFS的发生与性激素的关系。方法:对自然周期有排卵障碍的患者使用克罗米芬+HCG促排,分别在月经周期的第3天(C3)、第10天(C10)、卵泡成熟日(CM)(卵泡直径≥18mm)、尿LH阳性或注射HCG后48小时(CL)进行性激素测定,根据患者是否有排卵分为:正常排卵组(A组);未排卵出现LUFS组(B组)。选择同期自然周期正常排卵者为对照组(C组),同上法进行性激素测定。对A、B、C组患者不同时间的血清性激素进行比较。结果:1、FSH:在CM日A、B两组的促卵泡成熟激素(FSH)均低于C组(P<0.01)。2、LH:在C3、C10、CL日测定的A、B组LH值均高于C组(P<0.01),在CM日测定的A、B组LH值低于C组(P<0.01)。3、P:在CM日A、B两组的孕酮值低于C组(P<0.01);4、E2:在C3日测定的B组E2值低于C组(P<0.01),在CL日测定的B组E2值高于C组(P<0.01);5、PRL:在不同时间各组的PRL值均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。6、T:在不同时间各组的T值均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:性激素在LUFS的发生中起重要作用,但以C3日E2值与LUFS的发生的关系最大,E2值低者易发生LUFS。     

The effect of smoking on serum progesterone, estradiol, and luteinizing hormone levels over a menstrual cycle in normal women

Since smoking has been shown to affect serum progesterone and estradiol levels in postmenopausal women, we evaluated the levels of these hormones and luteinizing hormone (LH) over an entire menstrual cycle (17 points) in eight healthy nonsmokers and eight healthy smokers. The total length of the cycle and the lengths of the follicular and luteal phases did not differ between the groups. There was no difference in estradiol, progesterone, or LH levels during the periovulatory and luteal phases. Follicular-phase serum progesterone, which had a level 37% higher in smokers, showed a plateau in both groups (28.3 +/- 5.7 ng/dl versus 20.7 +/- 5.7; P less than 0.0001). Follicular-phase serum estradiol showed a rising curve in both groups. The mean value in smokers was slightly higher than that in nonsmokers (107 pg/ml versus 95; P approximately 0.05); during the early part of the follicular phase, prior to the rapid preovulatory increase, the difference was greater (23%) and of higher statistical significance (80 pg/ml versus 65; P less than 0.001). The follicular-phase LH levels of smokers were skewed downward from the levels in nonsmokers, presumably by negative feedback from the elevated estradiol and progesterone levels; the difference was significant (P less than 0.001). The elevations of serum progesterone and estradiol in smokers probably represent activation of adrenocortical secretion by smoking. The greater and more clear-cut rise of progesterone than of estradiol is probably due to the fact that essentially all of the follicular-phase serum progesterone is secreted by the adrenal, while only part of the follicular-phase serum estradiol comes from the adrenal (via androstenedione and estrone).