云南、贵州中三叠世一种大型的肋鳞鱼(辐鳍鱼亚纲:肋鳞鱼目)（英文）

肋鳞鱼目是新鳍鱼类的一个干群,包括肋鳞鱼科和胸鳍鱼科,生活于欧洲和华南中、晚三叠世海洋环境。其中肋鳞鱼科鱼类通常个体较小,标准体长很少超过55 mm。根据最近发现于云南富源和贵州兴义中三叠世拉丁期(~240 Ma)海相地层的3块保存良好的鱼化石,命名了肋鳞鱼属一新种,霸王肋鳞鱼(Peltopleurus tyrannos sp.nov.)。该发现代表了中三叠世个体最大的肋鳞鱼属物种(体长达72 mm),为了解肋鳞鱼科的骨骼形态和摄食分异提供了新的信息。霸王肋鳞鱼不仅上、下颌口缘具有颇为粗壮的牙齿,在口内的颚翼骨上还生长有许多不同大小的钝牙;推测这些钝牙可能用于压碎一些带壳的无脊椎动物(如甲壳动物)和被硬鳞的小鱼,这与此前在兴义生物群中发现的东方肋鳞鱼形成鲜明的对比:东方肋鳞鱼体型很小(标准体长为26 mm)、口缘无牙、个体数量丰富,可能代表了一种集群游动、捕食细小浮游无脊椎动物的肋鳞鱼物种。新的发现表明华南中三叠世兴义生物群中的肋鳞鱼属已进化出两种不同的生态类型。     

中国肋毛蕨属一新记录种——曼氏肋毛蕨

首次报道了中国肋毛蕨属一新记录种-曼氏肋毛蕨(Ctenitis mannii),该种与直鳞肋毛蕨(C.eatoni)及C.vilis相似,但叶片椭圆状披针形,长30～60 cm,基部宽14～22 cm;羽片近平展;叶脉羽状,5～7对,单一;每小羽片有孢子囊群5～6对;孢子囊群生于小脉中部可与后两者区别.凭证标本存放于广西植物标本馆(IBK)和中国科学院植物研究所标本馆(PE).     

基于28S rDNA C1-D2区的鳞盘虫科单殖吸虫系统学初步研究

首次利用核糖体28S rDNA C1-D2区序列对鳞盘虫科开展初步的系统学分析,探讨鳞盘虫科各亚科是否成立及其相互关系,并考察鳞盘虫属的单系性问题.结果表明:1)寄生在黄姑鱼Nibea albiflora上的Sinodiplectanotrema属虫种与鳞盘虫科虫种表现出较近的亲缘关系,因虫种后吸器不具鳞盘,故应纳入鳞盘虫科4亚科之一的Murraytrematoidinae亚科;2)本研究不支持Murraytrematoidinae亚科的单系性,并支持Doumingous(2004)废除Murraytrematoidinae亚科并将其中的Lobotrema和Murraytrema二属归入Diplectaninae亚科这一做法;3)对于Doumingous(2004)所提议的新Diplectaninae亚科是否为单系群需进一步探讨;4)本研究支持Lamellodiscinae亚科的单系性;5)7种鳞盘虫属虫种的分析结果显示鳞盘虫属具有明显的非单系性.今后需要将形态学分析和分子系统学分析结合起来,通过分析更多的虫种,才有可能理解鳞盘虫属及鳞盘虫科其它种类的适应辐射问题.     

云南鲤科鱼类一新属新种(鲤形目:鲤科:(鱼丹)亚科)

本文记述采自云南澜沧江水系的鲤科(鱼丹)亚科鱼类一新属新种。新属裸(鱼丹)属Gymnodanio gen.nov.在侧线、臀鳍条数目等特征上近似于低线(?)属Barilius,但以其除侧线鳞外体裸露无鳞,具不完全之腹棱等而与其及(鱼丹)亚科现有各属相区别。新种命名为条纹裸(鱼丹)G.strigatus sp.nov.。     

广东产轴鳞蕨属(叉蕨科) 植物

基于馆藏标本的研究, 确认广东产3 种轴鳞蕨属植物: 异鳞轴鳞蕨Dryopsis heterolaena、泡鳞轴鳞蕨D. mariformis 和阔鳞轴鳞蕨D. maximowicziana , 其中泡鳞轴鳞蕨和阔鳞轴鳞蕨为广东新记录的蕨类。澄清广东不产顶果轴鳞蕨D. apiciflora , 最近出版的《广东植物志》第七卷记载的顶囊肋毛蕨Ctenitis apiciflora ( 即顶果轴鳞蕨D. apiciflora) , 系异鳞轴鳞蕨的错误鉴定。文中列有分种检索表、种的文献引证、标本引证、生境与分布资料。     

鳞皮鳞木Lepidodendron lepidophloides Yao叶座的解剖构造

描述了贵州水城矿区汪家寨组(晚二叠世晚期)煤核中一种脱落的具解剖构造的鳞木类叶座.这些叶座在大小和形态上与鳞皮鳞木(Lepidodendron lepidophloides Yao)很相似,很可能属于同一种植物的不同保存类型的叶座.将鳞皮鳞木与已知几个鳞木类植物叶座属,如鳞木属、鳞皮木属、封印木属和华夏木属进行了对比,认为鳞皮鳞木具有这几个属的混合特征,将其归入上述任何一属似乎都不太妥当.该类植物有可能代表了一个新属.由于茎的其他部分构造不明以及这些叶座与生殖构造的联系目前尚不清楚,因此,本文暂时采用鳞皮鳞木这一种名,其确切归属留待对其茎的其他部分的解剖构造以及与生殖器官之间的联系都清楚了以后再行决定.首次较详细地报道华夏植物区鳞木类植物叶座的解剖构造.     

四川资中侏罗纪一新的半椎鱼类及其生物地层意义

本文记述的棘背天府鱼(新属新种)发现于四川资中沙溪庙组.它只有大的顶骨、少的次眶骨及无饰缘棘鳞等特征,与新鳞齿鱼(Neolepidotes)相似;另外具有很发达的棘状背嵴鳞、少的次眶骨及鳞片无杵臼式关节等特征,与半椎鱼(Semionotus)很相似.天府鱼以其长大的顶骨、较居后的颌关节、较短的眶前距、很发达的棘状背嵴鳞及无饰缘棘鳞等特征,有别于半椎鱼科中所有已知属.根据天府鱼和过去记述的鱼化石,仍认为含鱼层的时代可能为中佚罗世.     

西藏晚二叠世四射珊瑚Ipciphyllum naoticum的鳞板特征兼论喷口构造的分类意义

Ipciphyllum是中国中晚二叠世地层中最常见的块状复体四射珊瑚, Ipciphyllum naoticum是该属中唯一发育喷口构造的种。通过对采自西藏札达姜叶玛剖面上二叠统姜叶玛组的Ipciphyllum naoticum进行连续切片, 研究其鳞板特征, 发现横切面上鳞板形态在个体发育的不同阶段变化明显, 包括喷口(庙宇状)鳞板、弧形板片状鳞板和偶现的侧鳞板等, 表明同一种内鳞板的形态多变, 以某一特殊形态的鳞板作为种一级甚至更高级的分类标准值得商榷。结合前人对喷口鳞板的发育可能与相对高能的水环境有关, 分类意义不应超过种级的研究结论等, 建议废除以喷口鳞板(构造)作为重要分类特征的Protonaoticophylidae科和Protonaoticophylinae亚目。     

中国蟾蜍科一新属

对世界蟾蜍科动物的分类现状做了概述,并对我国原定名为鳞皮游蟾Nectophryne scalptus Liu and Hu(1973)及叶昌嫒等(1978)将其改为鳞皮厚蹼蟾Pelophryne scalptus(Frost,1985订正种名为scalpta)的海南标本做了进一步研究,与现有蟾蜍科各属、特别是与东南亚地区的几个特有属的特征做了对比研究。结果表明：原定名为鳞皮游蟾Nectophryne scalptus的海南标本应代表一个新属即小蟾属Parapelophryne gen．nov．,因此原定名为鳞皮游蟾(或鳞皮厚蹼蟾)的标本为新属的成员,即种名应改为鳞皮小蟾Parapelophryne scalpta(Liu and Hu)。     

论志留纪陕西珊瑚属Shensiphyllum Ge et Yü,1974

ShensiphyllumGeetYü,1974为丛状复体珊瑚,以发育一列马蹄型鳞板,羽榍扇形排列为主要特征,是志留纪四射珊瑚已知唯一发育马蹄型鳞板的属。该属在我国上扬子区广泛分布于上兰多维列统(Llandovery)特列奇阶(Telychian)中,主要产自川北、陕南的宁强组、云南大关的大路寨组(中、上Telychian阶))、湖北长阳的纱帽组及四川朝天的王家湾组(下特列奇阶)。文中报道和描述川北朝天王家湾组中发现的3个新种Shensiphyllumsimplexsp.nov.,S.proliferumsp.nov.,S.intermediumsp.nov.。王家湾组是已知ShensiphyllumGeetY櫣产出的最低层位。详细讨论该属的骨骼构造特征、生长繁殖方式,探讨该属起源及其演化,根据新资料修订该属的属征,赞同将该属置PhacellophyllidaeWedekind科。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.