烟草愈伤组织继代培养与分化期间核酸代谢的比较研究

柳叶烟草愈伤组织在分化和芽原基形成期间,DNA 和RNA 含量均高于继代培养物;在芽原基形成后和幼芽生长期间(12天以后),DNA和RNA 含量持续上升,而同期继代培养物巳进入生长静止期,DNA 和RNA 含量基本不变或略有下降。根据RNA 电泳结果还进一步分析了两种愈伤组织培养物各RNA 组分变化与总RNA 含量变化的关系。分化培养物在芽原基形成时有明显升高的RNase 活性峰和持续上升的RNA 合成速率;而此时期继代培养物的RNase 活性及RNA 合成能力均较低;分化愈伤组织的DNA 合成速率在幼芽生长期间仍维持上升趋势,且显著高于同期继代愈伤组织的合成速率。这些结果表明,烟草愈伤组织分化培养物比继代培养物有更旺盛的核酸代谢能力。     

烟草愈伤组织生长和衰老过程中多聚核糖体类群的变化(英文)

本研究中测定了黄花烟草(Nicotiana rusticaL cv.Gansu yellow flower)愈伤组织生长和由碳水化合物亏缺引起的衰老过程中多聚核糖体类群和蛋白质含量的变化,以期查明衰老的烟草愈伤组织中蛋白质合成速率与蛋白质含量变化的相关性。 继代培养的烟草愈伤组织经过约5d的生长迟滞期,进入指数生长期,第20天后生长停止,干重缓慢下降;第25天出现类似果实成熟时的呼吸跃变现象,呼吸商(RQ)开始下降,呼吸底物由糖转向游离氨基酸,表明在本实验条件下,烟草愈伤组织在培养20～25d后由生长转向衰老,这时蛋白质含量(占细胞总蛋白的90％～95％)立即降低,第35天降低了26％。代表蛋白质合成能力的多聚核糖体相对含量和总核糖体的相对含量在培养20d后开始减少;两者的比值也降低,这与植物衰老过程中蛋白质含量的降低基本一致,表明烟草愈伤组织衰老过程中蛋白质含量的降低.与蛋白质合成能力的下降可能有一定的关系。由于多聚核糖体的解聚并不伴随有单核糖体的增加,也暗示衰老过程中单核糖体被迅速破坏。     

烟草愈伤组织多酚氧化酶研究

柳叶烟草愈伤组织中多酚氧化酶氧化邻苯二酚的活性明显高于氧化对苯二酚的活性。当以邻苯二酚为底物时,烟草愈伤组织多酚氧化酶分别在pH 5.6和pH 7.4有两个活性高峰。KCN、Dieca和m-CLAM对烟草愈伤组织多酚氧化酶活性都有明显抑制效应。根据凝胶电泳分析,继代培养愈伤组织多酚氧化酶同工酶有5条酶带,而巳分化出芽原基的愈伤组织和新分化长出的小叶都有7—8条酶带。继代培养的愈伤组织多酚氧化酶主要存在于除去线粒体的上清液中,线粒体部分也可测出酶活性。继代培养愈伤组织在接种后18天内,多酚氧化酶活性无重大改变。在此期间,Dieca对呼吸的抑制效应也变化不大。分化组织多酚氧化酶活性显著高于继代培养愈伤组织,在芽原基形成后,酶活性明显升高;此时Dieca对呼吸的抑制也由32%上升到47%。     

烟草愈伤组织分化和芽原基形成期间呼吸代谢途径的改变

接种在继代培养基上的柳叶烟草愈伤组织,未观察到组织分化和芽原基形成。在分化培养基上生长的愈伤组织,接种后第6天可见拟分生组织和管胞分化,9—12天有芽原基形成,15—18天可观察到苗端结构。根据碘乙酸、Na_3PO_4和丙二酸抑制试验,以及3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶与琥珀酸脱氢酶活性测定结果,初步表明烟草愈伤组织呼吸中存在有EMP、HMP和TCAC代谢途径.在发生输导组织和芽原基分化的愈伤组织中(接种后第6—12天),HMP途径的运行程度较高;而芽原基的继续生长(培养12天以后),则与EMP途径的增加有关;分化培养基上生长的愈伤组织,始终较继代培养愈伤组织具有较高的FCAC活性水平。     

高压静电场(HVEF)对苜蓿叶片愈伤组织增殖的影响

苜蓿叶片来源的愈伤组织经一定的高压静电场处理后生长速率显著高于对照组,而且处理组愈伤组织的呼吸速率,元素吸收速率也高于对照组。进一步的测定结果比较表明：静电场处理组的愈伤组织中可溶性蛋白质含量、蔗糖酶活性高于对照组;而ＩＡＡ氧化酶和ＲＮＡ水解酶活性则低于对照组。显示静电场处理组愈伤组织有较高的代谢水平和旺盛的分裂生长状态。探讨了静电场处理剌激愈伤组织增殖的可能机理     

细枝木麻黄离体培养过程中愈伤组织和再生芽的细胞组织学观察

为探讨细枝木麻黄(Casuarina cunninghamianaMiq.)愈伤组织分化过程的细胞组织学,对离体培养条件下的愈伤组织进行扫描电子显微镜和石蜡切片观察,分析愈伤组织的细胞分裂、分化以及芽再生的发生过程。结果表明,新鲜外植体培养于愈伤组织诱导培养基上,伤口处的薄壁细胞开始脱分化,培养1周后形成明显的愈伤组织;继续培养2周后,胚性愈伤组织形成,且表层细胞启动分化形成芽原基;培养4周,可肉眼观察到胚性芽原基,数量增多并逐渐分化形成不定芽;培养至第6周,生成不定芽,并大量增殖和分化。因此,细枝木麻黄是通过愈伤组织分化形成胚状体的途径进行植株再生的,为建立细枝木麻黄组织培养高效再生体系提供了理论依据。     

金鱼草愈伤组织过氧化物酶活性及其同工酶变化

在不同激素比例的MS培养基上 ,金鱼草 (Antirrhinummajus)茎愈伤组织主要有三种分化状态 :a愈伤组织不分化 ;b以器官发生途径分化出不定芽和不定根 ;c通过胚胎发生途径形成胚状体。过氧化物酶活性与愈伤组织分化程度呈正相关。未分化愈伤组织与分化芽、分胚状体及分化芽和根的愈伤组织酶活性呈线性递增关系 ,相对酶活力为 1:3:5 :6。在其同工酶谱中 ,三种状态的愈伤组织都具有酶带I和II,表明这两种同工酶与细胞的增殖生长有联系。分化的愈伤组织比未分化愈伤组织多出现酶带Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ ,说明这三条酶带是影响分化的特异蛋白质。在分化芽的愈伤组织中 ,还存在酶带Ⅳ ,说明它是催化器官发生途径的特有同工酶。     

热击对麝香石竹茎段培养物培养效率的影响

本文研究了热击对麝香石竹茎段培养物培养效率的影响。结果表明,43℃2h热击麝香石竹茎段能促进或拟制不定芽的直接分化,提高愈伤组织的诱导率。热击愈伤组织能显著促进愈伤组织在继代培养基上的生长,但抑制愈伤组织在分化培养基上的生长。热击也能提高再生苗和愈伤组织的干重百分率。我们认为,热击所产生的生物学效应是与配合条件、特别是外源激素状况密切相关的。     

金鱼草愈伤组织过氧化的酶活性及其同工酶变化

在不同激素比例的MS培养基上,金鱼草（Antirrhinum majus）茎愈伤组织主要有三种分化状态：a愈伤组织不分化;b以器官发生途径分化出不定芽和不定根;c通过胚胎发生途径形成胚状体。过氧化物酶活性与愈伤组织分化程度呈正相关。未分化愈合组织与分化芽,分胚状体及分化芽和根的愈伤组织酶活性呈线性递增关系,相对酶活力为1：3：5：6。在其同工酶谱中,三种状态的愈伤组织都具有酶带和Ⅰ和Ⅱ,表明这两种同工酶与细胞的增殖生长有联系。分化的愈伤组织经未分化愈伤组织多出现酶带Ⅲ,Ⅳ和Ⅴ,说明这三条酶带是影响分化的特异蛋白质。在分化芽的愈伤组织中,还存在酶带Ⅳ,说明它是催化器官发生途径的特有同工酶。     

葶苈愈伤组织诱导及分化研究

为保护野生资源、实现人工栽培,本研究以葶苈(Draba nemorosa)嫩茎为材料,采用组织培养方法进行愈伤组织诱导与分化、不定芽生根与试管苗生根继代增殖培养,以及移栽和定植研究。结果表明,MS+6-BA 0.4 mg/L+2,4-D 2.5 mg/L是愈伤组织诱导培养和继代增殖培养的理想培养基;MS+6-BA 0.6 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L 是愈伤组织分化培养和不定芽继代增殖培养的理想培养基;1/3MS+IAA 0.6 mg/L是不定芽生根培养和生根继代增殖培养的理想培养基;试管苗移栽成活率为86.8%,定植成活率为96.4%;定植苗保持了野生葶苈的植物学性状。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.