草莓生物技术研究进展

草莓的生物技术研究始于 6 0年代 ,但进展缓慢 ,进入 2 0世纪 90年代 ,取得了突破性进展 ,草莓的生物技术研究包括花药培养、茎尖培养、叶片和匍匐茎培养和遗传转化。     

枇杷生物技术研究进展(综述)

本文从组织培养、种质离体保存、原生质体培养及分子标记等方面,综述枇杷生物技术研究的主要进展,并提出有待继续研究的相关问题。     

木本植物的原生质体培养

木本植物的原生质体培养对于将生物技术应用于树木品种改良的研究具有重要意义,但难度较大。本文概述了近年来木本植物原生质体培养的进展,并针对木本植物原生质体培养过程中的问题进行了较详细的讨论。     

荔枝生物技术研究进展

综述了离体培养、有利基因的克隆及遗传转化等生物技术的三个方面在荔枝研究中的应用进展。已有研究者分别建立了花粉培养、叶片培养、幼胚培养等获得植株的再生体系,克隆了部分荔枝基因,建立了基因枪与根癌农杆菌转化体系。这些研究为荔枝生物技术育种提供了基础。     

草莓转基因研究进展

草莓是世界上重要的水果之一。现代生物技术的不断发展为草莓育种和种质创新提供了新的技术手段, 它可以直接将来自不同种属的异源目的基因插人到草莓基因组, 使草莓表达目标性状, 实现草莓品种的遗传改良。近年来, 国内外草莓转基因研究取得了重大进展。文章综述了草莓转基因研究在抗病毒、抗虫、抗除草剂、抗逆及品质改良等方面的最新进展, 分析了草莓转基因研究中存在的主要问题, 并对今后的研究方向和应用前景进行了讨论。     

日本生物技术研究开发进展

生物技术是当今世界高科技的主要领域之一,进入90年代后,世界上各先进工业国家纷纷强化生物技术的研究开发的人力、财力和物力的投入。作为发达国家的日本,更是如此,在产、官、学的共同努力下,取得了令人可喜的进展。     

猕猴桃的组织培养和遗传转化研究进展

综述了国内外猕猴桃组织培养和遗传转化研究进展,内容包括花药培养、胚培养、胚乳培养、子叶、叶、茎段等器官培养、原生质体培养以及遗传转化等,并对生物技术在猕猴桃研究中存在的问题以及今后在猕猴桃中的应用前景进行了讨论。     

中国草莓育种的回顾和展望

对我国草莓育种工作进行了系统的回顾,包括草莓的种质资源、引种、实生选种、杂交育种、辐射育种、遗传规律、生物技术研究等。我国是世界草莓属植物种类分布最多的国家,同时也是世界上草莓栽培面积最大、产量最多的国家。在今后的草莓育种研究工作中,应充分发挥我国资源丰富的优势,继续进行早熟优质草莓品种选育,并加强加工品种和四季品种的选育。     

生物技术进展

办刊宗旨《生物技术进展》是由农业农村部主管,中国农业科学院茶叶研究所和生物技术研究所联合主办,以传播生物技术前沿科学,引领生物技术发展潮流为目标的学术期刊。于2011年7月创刊,双月刊,国内外公开发行。《生物技术进展》立足国内,面向国际,围绕分子生物学、遗传学、生物化学、生物信息学、基因组学、合成生物学等基础研究,关注生物技术领域的发展动态和产业应用成果,促进相关学科学术交流与发展,及时刊载生物技术在农、林、畜牧兽医、食品、工业、医药、生态与生物安全等领域的应用进展和研究成果。主要设置进展评述、研究论文、技术与方法等栏目。     

荔枝生物技术研究进展（综述）

从荔枝的组织培养、花药培养和原生质体培养方面综述荔枝生物技术的研究概况,并提出该领域存在问题及发展方向。     

“丹莓1号”草莓脱毒组培快繁技术研究

以适合东北地区生长的"丹莓1号"草莓优良品种为研究对象,系统开展脱毒组培快繁技术研究。以"丹莓1号"草莓的茎尖为外植体,考察了不同植物激素对于不定芽诱导、增殖及生根的影响,同时也考察了移栽基质对于组培苗驯化成活的影响,确定了MS+1 mg·L^-1 6-BA+0.1 mg·L^-1 2,4-D为茎尖不定芽诱导的最佳培养基,MS+1 mg·L^-1 6-BA+0.3 mg·L^-1 NAA为不定芽增殖的最佳培养基,MS+0.4 mg·L^-1 IBA为不定芽生根的最佳培养基,苗圃土：蛭石：珍珠岩=1：2：1为草莓组培苗成活率最高的移栽基质。本研究为"丹莓1号"优良草莓品种脱毒苗的规模化繁育奠定了理论基础。     

Application of iron nanoparticles and salicylic acid in in vitro culture of strawberries (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Fragaria</Emphasis> × <Emphasis Type="Italic">ananassa</Emphasis> Duch.) to cope with drought stress

The effects of iron nanoparticles and salicylic acid (SA) on strawberry (Fragaria?×?ananassa Duch.) plants in conditions of drought stress were surveyed under in vitro conditions to find the optimum combination for strawberry tissue culture. Cuttings of the Queen Elisa cultivar were surveyed in a three-way factorial experiment with three replications in 2015. The results showed that drought stress significantly affected all measured parameters of strawberry plantlets under in vitro condition in a negative way. SA compensated for the negative effects of drought stress on strawberry plantlets and improved their growth parameters under in vitro culture. Strawberry plantlets treated with iron nanoparticles were able to cope with stressful conditions better than untreated ones. This study found that iron, a micronutrient in plant growth and in vitro development, greatly influenced the plantlets’ growth parameters and other measured traits. These results indicate that the efficiency of tissue culture and in vitro culture of strawberries could be improved by increased application of iron in the form of nanoparticles. The results might also indicate that the application of iron nanoparticles along with SA can be a useful method for providing higher quantity and quantity in the in vitro culture of strawberries, and could be used for adapting strawberry plants to drought before transplanting them in the field.     

连作草莓根系分泌物自毒作用的模拟研究

 草莓（Fragaria ananassa）根系分泌物的自毒作用是草莓连作病害发生机理研究的重要内容之一。应用组织培养技术提取草莓根系分泌物,并对其自毒作用进行了测定。结果表明,在含有根系分泌物的生根培养基中定植的草莓组培苗,其生根、根系生长均受到不同程度的抑制,生物量显著下降,而且根系分泌物对草莓幼苗根系生理活性具有抑制作用。主要表现为根系TTC还原活性下降、相对电导率增大、SOD酶活性降低及MDA生成量增多等方面,并导致草莓幼苗生长发育不良、病害加重。说明草莓根系分泌物具有自毒作用,连作条件下田间根系分泌物逐年积累后产生的自毒作用,可能是草莓再植病害发生的重要原因。     

草莓离体无性繁殖的研究——Ⅰ.影响草莓离体繁殖的因素

基本培养基对草莓的离体快速繁殖有重要影响。通过试验筛选出一个比目前常用的MS和White培养基分别高5.53倍和2.3倍的F培养基(总氮量15mM,其中硝态氮10mM,铵态氮5mM,其它成份同MS)。相同浓度的BA与不同的基本培养基配合作用效果相差悬殊。由于草莓茎尖在MS培养基上生长缓慢,本文探讨了在室温条件下进行草莓种质保存的可能性。还讨论了由花药培养获得再生植株在快速繁殖中的应用问题。     

The effect of heat treatment and meristem-tip culture on June Yellows in strawberry

Because there is some evidence that June Yellows (JY) of strawberry may be caused by a pathogenic agent, combinations of heat treatment and meristem-tip culture that are known to eliminate some viruses from tissues were used in attempts to cure affected Cambridge Favourite strawberry plants from JY. None of 397 propagants derived from JY-affected plants subjected to various combinations of these treatments were freed from JY. Indeed, all propagants showed more obvious JY symptoms than the parent plants from which they were derived, suggesting that such treatments may be useful for detecting incipient JY in symptomless strawberry stocks.     

组织培养导致的草莓DNA甲基化变异

以草莓品种‘丰香’和‘全明星’为材料,用甲基化敏感扩增多态性（MSAP）技术研究组织培养对草莓DNA甲基化的影响。结果表明,与普通苗相比,组织培养导致草莓试管苗的DNA甲基化水平下降,甲基化模式的变异以去甲基化为主。组织培养导致的DNA甲基化变异不稳定,在田间无性繁殖过程中,试管苗的无性繁殖后代DNA甲基化水平逐渐升高,仅部分变异的甲基化模式能够在试管苗的无性繁殖后代中稳定传递。两个品种之间,纽织培养对DNA甲基化变异程度的影响不同。     

Arbuscular mycorrhizae formed by Penicillium pinophilum improve the growth, nutrient uptake and photosynthesis of strawberry with two inoculum-types

Penicillium pinophilum was isolated from the soil in a commercial strawberry field. The strain readily formed arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) with the roots of strawberry 'Zoji' (Fragaria x ananassa Duch. CV.) when plants were inoculated with either fresh cultured hyphae or root/soil mixtures. Fresh hyphae, however, resulted in higher amounts of colonization than root/soil inoculum. Compared with uninoculated strawberries, inoculation increased plant dry weight by 31%, as well as nitrogen content (47%), phosphorus content (57%), and photosynthetic rate (71%). AM inoculation also shortened the blossom and ripening date by 3 and 4 days, respectively. This is the first report of a P. pinophilum strain resulting in mycorrhiza with strawberry roots. The significant advantages of this strain are that it is easy to culture and inoculation of plants results in significant growth benefits that may be useful in strawberry production.     

Aphid Species and Population Dynamics Associated with Strawberry

Aphids are among the major pests associated with strawberries in Southern Brasil. In this study, we identified the main species that occur in strawberry fields in the states of Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. We also compared the effectiveness of different sampling methods and studied the population dynamics of aphid species during two strawberry crop cycles in the municipality of Pinhais, state of Paraná, Brasil. Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell) and Aphis forbesi Weed were the main species associated with strawberry. The method of hit plant and the Möericke trap showed equal effectiveness to capture wingless and winged insects. The peak population of aphids in the state of Paraná occurred from September to November. This information can help producers to implement strategies to monitor and control the major aphid species that occur in strawberry culture.