乳酸乳球菌食品级表达载体的研究进展

乳酸乳球菌（L.lactis）是乳球菌属中最重要和最典型的一个种,在食品工业中应用广泛,被公认为安全的（generally regards as safe,GRAS）食品级微生物。以乳酸乳球菌作为宿主菌,构建表达载体用来表达异源蛋白和酶,逐渐成为食品工业、生物制药和疫苗研究的热点。近年来,乳酸乳球菌的分子微生物学研究取得了重大进展,这为表达载体的构建奠定了基础,一些具有不同用途的乳酸乳球菌基因表达载体已经构建,用来表达抗原蛋白、细胞因子和生物酶等。其中,以来源于食品级微生物的DNA片段构建的食品级表达载体引起人们的关注。     

乳酸乳球菌食品级诱导表达系统的构建及异源蛋白的表达

以α-aga基因为食品级选择标记构建了乳酸乳球菌食品级高效诱导细胞内和细胞壁锚定表达系统,并用这一表达系统表达了铜绿假单胞菌融合外膜蛋白基因OprF/H。首先以pRAF800和pNZ8048构建了含有α-aga、PnisA-MCS-TpepN和θ复制子的乳酸乳球菌食品级细胞内诱导表达载体pRNA48,再以pRNA48和pVE5524为出发载体构建了含有α-aga、PnisA-SPUsp45-nucA-CWAM6-t1t2和θ复制子的乳酸乳球菌细胞壁锚定诱导表达载体pRNV48。然后以食品级载体pRNA48和pRNV48为基础,构建了不含抗生素抗性选择标记的铜绿假单胞菌融合外膜蛋白基因的表达质粒pRNA48-OprF/H和pRNV48-OprF/H。利用nisin进行重组乳酸乳球菌菌株的诱导表达,通过SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析,检测到表达蛋白分别占细胞内可溶蛋白的9.6%和细胞壁锚定蛋白的9.8%,表达产物具有免疫原性,可与含OprF/H的乳球菌以及铜绿假单胞菌发生特异性的凝集反应。     

食品级乳酸乳球菌pNZ8149-luc质粒的构建及表达

目的:构建能够稳定表达萤火虫荧光素酶报告基因(luc)的乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis, L.lactis)食品级表达系统,以便后续研究对目的基因进行示踪。方法:从pGL4.10质粒中PCR扩增萤火虫荧光素酶报告基因,测序,克隆至载体pNZ8149,构建pNZ8149-luc表达质粒;电击转化宿主乳酸乳球菌NZ3900,采用乳糖筛选法获得重组的乳酸乳球菌,Nisin诱导,采用微孔板发光检测仪检测荧光素酶的存在,Western Blot检测目标蛋白luc的表达。结果:PCR扩增的荧光素酶报告基因成功克隆至pNZ8149质粒,并电击转化宿主乳酸乳球菌NZ3900,得到乳酸乳球菌表达系统NZ3900/pNZ8149-luc。Nisin诱导后,检测到荧光素酶随诱导时间的延长活性逐渐增强,时间超过24 h之后荧光素酶活性逐渐下降。Western Blot检测到目标蛋白luc在胞内表达。结论:成功构建了p NZ8149-luc表达载体,并能够在乳酸乳球菌体内稳定表达。     

人铜锌超氧化物歧化酶基因在乳酸乳球菌中的食品级表达

以lacF基因为食品级选择标记,构建了乳酸乳球菌食品级基因表达系统,并进而实现了人铜锌超氧化物歧化酶基因在乳酸乳球菌中的食品级表达。首先构建了含有lacF基因两侧同源DNA序列(0.5kb)的整合型质粒pUCEmDE,通过pUCEmDE与乳酸乳球菌MG5267染色体上单拷贝的乳糖操纵子之间的同源双交换,构建了lacF基因缺失突变的食品级受体菌WZ103 (Lac-),并经PCR及Lac表型检测所验证。然后构建了互补质粒pMG36eF,其lacF基因的表达受组成型的强启动子P32的控制。将其电转化导入WZ103后,Lac+表型得到恢复,表明WZ103中lacF基因的功能可被互补质粒pMG36eF上的lacF基因互补。随后,以互补质粒pMG36eF为基础,构建了不含任何抗生素抗性选择标记的人铜锌超氧化物歧化酶基因的食品级表达质粒pWZ104。通过非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和SOD活性凝胶染色分析,检测到WZ103(pWZ104)中Cu/Zn SOD的表达,并且具有生物活性。     

猪IL-18在乳酸乳球菌中的表达及其生物活性的检测

为了在乳酸乳球菌中分泌表达具有生物活性的猪IL-18蛋白,并检测其生物活性,故通过分离猪外周血单核淋巴细胞(PBMC),以其为模板,采用RT-PCR方法扩增猪白细胞介素18(pIL-18)基因,将目的基因与乳酸乳球菌表达载体pAMJ399进行连接,并电转化至乳酸乳球菌MG1363中,通过SDS-PAGE和Western blotting分析检测目的蛋白的表达,并通过脾淋巴细胞增殖试验和细胞病变抑制法对pIL-18的生物活性进行检测。Western blotting分析检测结果与生物活性检测结果显示,在重组菌pAMJ399-pIL18/MG1363的上清和菌体沉淀中19 kDa处均出现pIL-18的特异蛋白反应带,且分泌表达的pIL-18蛋白能明显促进猪脾淋巴细胞的增殖,并对病毒增殖有明显的抑制作用。以上结果表明pIL-18可在乳酸乳球菌分泌表达,且表达产物具有良好的生物活性。     

使用偏爱密码子大幅度提高苯丙氨酸脱氨酶在食品级乳酸乳球菌中的表达

为获得苯丙氨酸脱氨酶(PAL)在食品级乳酸乳球菌中的高效表达,将欧芹palcDNA(palnat)及根据乳酸乳球菌偏爱密码子设计人工合成的pal基因(palart)重组并转化到两种乳酸乳球菌NICE诱导表达系统中,测定基因工程菌表达PAL酶的量及活性,对比分析密码子偏爱性对乳酸乳球菌表达外源蛋白的影响。结果表明在两种乳酸乳球菌NICE表达系统中,使用偏爱密码子均可显著提高PAL酶的表达效率,使NZ9000/pNZ8048表达系统表达量提高22.23倍,NZ3900/pNZ8149系统提高35.90倍。此研究获得了安全高效表达PAL,可用于治疗苯丙酮尿症的基因工程菌。     

变形链球菌致龋抗原基因在乳酸乳球菌的表达

目的 克隆变形链球菌葡聚糖结合蛋白B(GbpB)功能区的基因片段,并在乳酸乳球菌中表达.方法 在实验中利用了分子克隆技术构建携带GbpB基因的重组原核表达质粒pNI1,将重组质粒转化乳酸乳球菌YF02株,筛选鉴定阳性菌落,诱导表达的GbpB蛋白用SDS-PAGE进行鉴定.结果 成功克隆了GbpB功能区的基因片段,并在乳酸乳球菌中得到其融合蛋白的表达.结论 利用分子生物学技术能够成功克隆GbpB功能区基因并获得乳酸乳球菌融合蛋白的表达,为后续研究奠定了基础.     

乳酸乳球菌表面展示表达系统的构建及其鉴定

目的:旨在构建一个将抗原靶向于乳酸乳球菌细胞表面的表达系统。方法:运用PCR技术从金黄色葡萄球菌基因组中克隆出蛋白A(SPA)C-末端544个碱基对的锚定域序列(Spax)。通过酶切、连接将Spax构建入分泌型质粒pAMJ399形成携有整合外源基因位点BglⅡ的pAMJ400质粒。将报告蛋白—绿色荧光蛋白的基因(Gfp)插入载体pAMJ400的整合位点产生模式质粒pAMJ401并电转化其于乳酸乳球菌MG1363。绘制转化子MG1363(pAMJ401)生长曲线确认诱导期。调节pH值(6.0~6.5)诱导转化子并在荧光显微镜下观察杂合蛋白(GFP:SPAX)的表达情况。结果:在395nm的蓝色激发光下,诱导后的细菌发出较明亮的绿色荧光,而未诱导的细菌几乎不产生荧光。结论:成功地构建了乳酸乳球菌表面展示表达系统,此系统可以作为口服活菌疫菌研究的可行性操作平台。     

乳酸乳球菌组成型表面展示载体的构建及鉴定

目的探索融合有Usp45信号肽和3Lys M锚定序列的EGFP蛋白能否通过p32启动子组成型展示于乳酸乳球菌MG1363表面。方法融合PCR法分别将p32启动子与Usp45信号肽、3Lys M与egfp基因融合亚克隆至p MD-18T载体,鉴定正确后命名为18T-p Usp45、18T-3Lys M-egfp,分别将上述片段切下依次插入p MG36e构建p MG36e-p Usp45-3Lys M-egfp。将其转化入乳酸乳球菌MG1363,荧光显微镜观察及SDSPAGE、Western-blot检测。结果成功构建重组菌p MG36e-p Usp45-3Lys M-egfp/MG1363,荧光显微镜、SDSPAGE和Western-blot检测表明重组蛋白能在MG1363中组成型表达,且分泌至胞外并锚定在细胞壁上。结论成功地构建了组成型表面展示载体p MG36e-p Usp45-3Lys M-egfp,重组蛋白能分泌至胞外且展示在MG1363细胞壁上。     

乳酸乳球菌表面表达Brazzein甜味蛋白系统的建立

参照甜味蛋白Brazzein基因序列,结合乳酸乳球菌的密码子偏嗜性的相关分析,对甜味蛋白Brazzein基因进行改造,将第29位天冬氨酸、31位的组氨酸和第41位的谷氨酸分别突变为赖氨酸、丙氨酸和赖氨酸,以期提高目的蛋白的甜度。采用重叠PCR的方法合成目的基因,目的片段亚克隆到pMD18-T载体上。经序列测定分析后,目的片段克隆入分泌表达载体pNZ8112,电转化乳酸乳球菌中,构建成表面展示表达甜味蛋白Brazzein的乳酸乳球菌表达系统。     

Development of food-grade cloning and expression vectors for Lactococcus lactis

AIMS: To develop food-grade cloning and expression vectors for use in genetic modification of Lactococcus lactis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two plasmid replicons and three dominant selection markers were isolated from L. lactis and used to construct five food-grade cloning vectors. These vectors were composed of DNA only from L. lactis and contained no antibiotic resistance markers. Three of the vectors (pND632, pND648 and pND969) were based on the same plasmid replicon and carried, either alone or in combination, the three different selectable markers encoding resistance to nisin, cadmium and/or copper. The other two (pND965DJ and pND965RS) were derived from a cadmium resistance plasmid, and carried a constitutive promoter and a copper-inducible promoter, respectively, immediately upstream of a multicloning site. All vectors were stable in L. lactis LM0230 for at least 40 generations without selection pressure. The two groups of vectors were compatible in L. lactis LM0230. The vectors pND648 and pND965RS, as representatives of the two groups, were transferred successfully by electroporation into and maintained in an industrial strain of L. lactis. The usefulness of the vectors was further demonstrated by expressing a phage resistance gene (abiI) in another industrial strain of L. lactis. CONCLUSIONS: The five food-grade vectors constructed are potentially useful for industrial strains of L. lactis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: These vectors represent a new set of molecular tools useful for food-grade modifications of L. lactis.     

Construction of a food-grade host/vector system for Lactococcus lactis based on the lactose operon

Abstract A plasmid-based food-grade vector system was developed for Lactococcus lactis by exploiting the genes for lactose metabolism. L. lactis MGS267 is a plasmid-free strain containing the entire lactose operon as a chromosomal insertion. The lacF gene was deleted from this strain by a double cross-over homologous recombination event. The lacF -deficient strain produced a Lac⁻ phenotype on indicator agar. A cloned copy of the lacF gene expressed on a plasmid was capable of complementing the lacF -deficient strain resulting in a Lac⁺ phenotype. This stably maintained system fits the requirements of a self-selecting vector system and has the potential to be exploited in the food industry.     

Gene expression in Lactococcus lactis

Abstract Lactic acid bacteria are of major economic importance, as they occupy a key position in the manufacture of fermented foods. A considerable body of research is currently being devoted to the development of lactic acid bacterial strains with improved characteristics, that may be used to make fermentations pass of more efficiently, or to make new applications possible. Therefore, and because the lactococci are designated 'GRAS' organisms ('generally recognized as safe') which may be used for safe production of foreign proteins, detailed knowledge of homologous and heterologous gene expression in these organisms is desired. An overview is given of our current knowledge concerning gene expression in Lactococcus lactis . A general picture of gene expression signals in L. lactis emerges that shows considerable similarity to those observed in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis . This feature allowed the expression of a number of L. lactis -derived genes in the latter bacterial species. Several studies have indicated, however, that in spite of the similarities, the expression signals from E. coli, B. subtilis and L. lactis are not equally efficient in these three organisms.     

Gene cloning, functional expression and secretion of the S-layer protein SgsE from Geobacillus stearothermophilus NRS 2004/3a in Lactococcus lactis

The ~93-kDa surface layer protein SgsE of Geobacillus stearothermophilus NRS 2004/3a forms a regular crystalline array providing a nanopatterned matrix for the future display of biologically relevant molecules. Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 was established as a safe expression host for the controlled targeted production of SgsE based on the broad host-range plasmid pNZ124Sph, into which the nisA promoter was introduced. SgsE devoid of its signal peptide-encoding sequence was cloned into the new vector and purified from the cytoplasm at a yield of 220 mg l- of expression culture. Secretion constructs were based on the signal peptide of the Lactobacillus brevis SlpA protein or the L. lactis Usp45 protein, allowing isolation of 95 mg of secreted rSgsE l-1. N-terminal sequencing confirmed correct processing of SgsE in L. lactis NZ9000. The ability of rSgsE to self-assemble in suspension and to recrystallize on solid supports was demonstrated by electron and atomic force microscopy.     

Functional expression of mouse insulin-like growth factor-I with food-grade vector in Lactococcus lactis NZ9000

Aims: To functionally express the recombinant mouse insulin‐like growth factor‐I (rtmIGF‐I) in Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 with a food‐grade vector. Methods and Results: The rtmIGF‐I encoding sequence was inserted into secreted food‐grade vector pLEB688 and transformed into L. lactis NZ9000. The expression of the recombinant protein rtmIGF‐I was confirmed by tricine‐SDS‐PAGE analysis and Western blot. The concentration of this recombinant protein was 3 mg l^?1 in the medium fraction. Further experiment demonstrated that the recombinant protein was biologically active and promoted NIH3T3 cell proliferation in a concentration‐dependent manner. Conclusions: The rtmIGF‐I was expressed in L. lactis and located into the medium fraction. The optimal final concentration which could promote NIH3T3 cell proliferation after incubation was 100 ng ml^?1. Significance and Impact of the Study: The rtmIGF‐I was functionally expressed in L. lactis NZ9000 with a food‐grade vector. Thus, the recombinant L. lactis NZ9000 could act as a host for the production of rtmIGF‐I for further study. The recombinant strain could serve as an IGF‐I delivery system.     

Optimization of fermentation conditions for the expression of sweet-tasting protein brazzein in Lactococcus lactis

Aims: To improve the production of sweet‐tasting protein brazzein in Lactococcus lactis using controlled fermentation conditions. Methods and Results: The nisin‐controlled expression system was used for brazzein expression. The concentration of nisin for induction and the optical density (OD) at induction were therefore optimized, together with growth conditions (medium composition, pH, aerobic growth in the presence of hemin). Brazzein was assayed with ELISA on Ni‐NTA plates and Western blot. Use of the M‐17 medium, containing 2·5% glucose, anaerobic growth at pH 5·9 and induction with 40 ng ml^?1 nisin at OD 3·0 led to an approx. 17‐fold increase in brazzein per cell production compared to non‐optimized starting conditions. Aerobic growth in the presence of hemin did not increase the production. Conclusions: Considerable increase in brazzein per cell production was obtained at optimized fermentation conditions. Significance and Impact of the Study: Optimized growth conditions could be used in application of brazzein expression in L. lactis. The importance of pH and OD at induction contributes to the body of knowledge of optimal recombinant protein expression in L. lactis. The new assay for brazzein quantification was introduced.     

Dual recombinant Lactococcus lactis for enhanced delivery of DNA vaccine reporter plasmid pPERDBY

Food grade Lactococcus lactis has been widely used as an antigen and DNA delivery vehicle. We have previously reported the use of non‐invasive L. lactis to deliver the newly constructed immunostimulatory DNA vaccine reporter plasmid, pPERDBY. In the present report, construction of dual recombinant L. lactis expressing internalin A of Listeria monocytogenes and harboring pPERDBY (LL InlA + pPERDBY) to enhance the efficiency of delivery of DNA by L. lactis is outlined. After confirmation and validation of LL InlA + pPERDBY, its DNA delivery potential was compared with previously developed non‐invasive r‐ L. lactis::pPERDBY. The use of invasive L. lactis resulted in around threefold increases in the number of enhanced green fluorescent protein‐expressing Caco‐2 cells. These findings reinforce the prospective application of invasive strain of L. lactis for delivery of DNA/RNA and antigens.