利奈唑胺对肾功能不全G~+感染患者血小板减少的相关性研究

目的:分析利奈唑胺对肾功能不全G+患者血小板减少的关系。方法:回顾性分析92例应用利奈唑胺治疗的革兰阳性球菌感染患者的临床资料,根据是否伴有肾功能不全分为肾功能不全组(33例),正常组(59例),检测用药前、用药后血小板计数,观察停药后血小板计数恢复正常时间及不良反应发生情况。结果:肾功能不全组治疗后血小板计数显著低于治疗前及正常组(P0.01),正常组治疗前、后血小板计数比较无统计学意义(P0.05);肾功能不全组血小板减少发生率高于正常组(P0.05);停药后正常组血小板恢复正常时间短于肾功能不全组(P0.01);肾功能不全组血红蛋白下降率高于正常组(P0.05),其余不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:感染患者肾功能可影响利奈唑胺所致血小板减少发生率,肾功能不全患者在应用利奈唑胺时应定期监测血小板计数。     

Effect of Pretreatment with Carbimazole in Patients with Thyrotoxicosis Subsequently Treated with Radioactive Iodine

Preliminary treatment with carbimazole in a series of 181 patients with thyrotoxicosis selected for treatment with radioactive iodine did not make any significant difference to the subsequent response to ¹³¹I therapy.     

Appearance of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in piglets with diarrhea in connection with feed changes

Twelve weaned piglet (3-week-old) were divided into three groups according to time of feed change and observed for diarrhea during the time they were 3 to 8 weeks of age. A total of 553 strains of Escherichia coli were isolated from rectal fecal samples and examined for heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (ST) enterotoxins, pilus antigens (K88, K99, and 987P), hemolysin (Hly), raffinose utilization (Raf) and drug resistance. Enterotoxins and/or hemolytic E. coli strains appeared in the rectal feces of 5- to 6-week-old piglets with diarrhea in connection with feed change and changing temperatures. Most of the isolates showed multiple drug resistance to sulfonamides (Sa), streptomycin (Sp), ampicillin, and/or mercury. Enterotoxigenic E. coli isolates represented four phenotypes: K88+.LT+.Hly+.Raf+.(SaSmCpTcKmSp) (12 strains), K99+.ST+.Raf+.(TcKm) (7 strains), ST+.Raf+.(TcKm) (7 strains), and ST.+(SaSmKm) (25 strains). The drug resistance determinants were transferable concurrently and some of them mobilized the determinants for K88, LT, Hly, and Raf to an E. coli C strain.     

Immunologic correction with immunoglobulin of toxemia with exicosis in infants with acute intestinal infections]

The clinical course of acute intestinal infections complicated by toxicosis and exicosis was studied in 150 infants undergoing multimodality therapy, including natural human immunoglobulin for intravenous injections. The use of the new complex in the treatment of intestinal toxicoses was accompanied by increasing host immunological reactivity within short periods and decreasing of the treatment duration by 5.0 +/- 1.3 days; there were no persisting and chronic forms of the diseases and fatal outcomes. It was concluded that the use of the immunoglobulin for intravenous injections in the multimodality therapy of intestinal toxicoses in infants made it possible to prevent death in complicated intestinal infections and at the same time to accelerate their recovery.     

Lack of adherence to isoniazid chemoprophylaxis in children in contact with adults with tuberculosis in Southern Ethiopia

Setting

Hawassa, Southern Region of Ethiopia.

Objectives

To determine compliance to isoniazid (INH) preventive therapy (IPT) and its effectiveness in preventing (TB) disease in children in contact with adults with pulmonary TB (PTB).

Design

This was a prospective cohort study of children <15 years old in contact with adults with smear-positive PTB. Asymptomatic children ≤5 years were provided IPT independently of their Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) status and children >5 years old were given advice but did not receive IPT, as recommended by the National TB control programme. Compliance to IPT and incidence of clinical TB were determined monthly for six months and then quarterly for up to 30 months.

Results

One hundred and eighty four children in contact with 83 smear-positive PTB cases were identified. Eighty two were ≤5 and 102>5 years old. Only 27 (33%) of 82 children given IPT took it for >4 months and 10 (12%) completed the 6-month course. The main reason for non-compliance was the perception that drugs were not necessary when the child was healthy. Eleven children (all except one >5 years old) developed symptoms of TB disease and initiated treatment, resulting in an incidence of 28.6 cases for all and 53.5 for children >5 years old per 1000 children-year.

Conclusion

Compliance to IPT in children is poor in Southern Region of Ethiopia and this was associated with the parents'' perception of the low importance of chemoprophylaxis in asymptomatic children. Poor compliance might be an important barrier for the wider implementation of IPT.

Trial Registration

Clinicaltrials.gov {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00456469","term_id":"NCT00456469"}}NCT00456469     

Control of Blood Microcirculation Parameters in Therapy with Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Human Physiology - In this study, we assessed the possibility of using portable laser Doppler flowmeters for determining the state of the blood microcirculatory system in upper and lower limbs of...     

Coupling of the respiratory rhythm in fish with activity in hypobranchial nerves and with heartbeat

Fish have a central respiratory pattern generator (CRPG) in the brain stem that initiates activity in a series of cranial nerves innervating respiratory muscles. These nerves burst sequentially in the order of their rostrocaudal distribution in the central nervous system. When respiratory drive is high, this activity spreads caudally to occipital and anterior spinal neurons that project via the hypobranchial nerves to stimulate hypaxial muscles, causing active jaw abduction. The CRPG may also recruit the heart. Fish, like mammals, show respiratory components in the intrinsic variability of heart rate (HRV). Cardiorespiratory synchrony in the dogfish is driven by bursting activity in the cardiac branches of the vagus nerve, which emanates from preganglionic neurons in the dorsal vagal motor nucleus. A respiratory component in HRV is difficult to discriminate in other species, requiring the use of power spectral analysis and the subsequent elimination of aliased components.     

Levels of apolipoprotein A-II in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with neuroborreliosis are associated with lipophagocytosis

Levels of most of the examined proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 107 patients with neuroborreliosis were associated with cytological findings, the status of hematoencephalic barrier as evaluated by Qalb (cerebrospinal fluid to serum quotient) and the intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulins. Cytological findings consisted of normal cytology, or both oligocytosis and pleocytosis of monocytes or lymphocytes. The lipophagic elements were present in 20% of samples. Concentrations of apolipoproteins A-I and A-II in the CSF were correlated with the concentration of albumin without regard to the CSF cytology. The levels of apolipoprotein B were increased only in samples with lymphocytic pleocytosis and Qalb > 7.4. The presence of lipophages in the CSF was significantly associated with the CSF concentration of apolipoprotein A-II.     

Decrease in scale invariance of activity fluctuations with aging and in patients with suprasellar tumors

Motor activity in healthy young humans displays intrinsic fluctuations that are scale-invariant over a wide range of time scales (from minutes to hours). Human postmortem and animal lesion studies showed that the intact function of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is required to maintain such scale-invariant patterns. We therefore hypothesized that scale invariance is degraded in patients treated for suprasellar tumors that compress the SCN. To test the hypothesis, we investigated 68 patients with nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma and 22 patients with craniopharyngioma, as well as 72 age-matched healthy controls (age range 21.0–70.6 years). Spontaneous wrist locomotor activity was measured for 7 days with actigraphy, and detrended fluctuation analysis was applied to assess correlations over a range of time scales from minutes to 24 h. For all the subjects, complex scale-invariant correlations were only present for time scales smaller than 1.5 h, and became more random at time scales 1.5–10 h. Patients with suprasellar tumors showed a larger decrease in correlations at 1.5–10 h as compared to healthy controls. Within healthy subject, gender and age >33 year were associated with attenuated scale invariance. Conversely, activity patterns at time scales between 10 and 24 h were significantly more regular than all other time scales, and this was mostly associated with age.

In conclusion, scale invariance is degraded in healthy subjects at the ages of >33 year as characterized by attenuation of correlations at time scales 1.5–10 h. In addition, scale invariance was more degraded in patients with suprasellar tumors as compared to healthy subjects.     

Immobilization of aluminum with phosphorus in roots is associated with high aluminum resistance in buckwheat

Oxalic acid secretion from roots is considered to be an important mechanism for aluminum (Al) resistance in buckwheat (Fygopyrum esculentum Moench). Nonetheless, only a single Al-resistant buckwheat cultivar was used to investigate the significance of oxalic acid in detoxifying Al. In this study, we investigated two buckwheat cultivars, Jiangxi (Al resistant) and Shanxi (Al sensitive), which showed significant variation in their resistance to Al stress. In the presence of 0 to 100 microM Al, the inhibition of root elongation was greater in Shanxi than that in Jiangxi, and the Al content of root apices (0-10 mm) was much lower in Jiangxi. However, the dependence of oxalic acid secretion on external Al concentration and the time course for secretion were similar in both cultivars. Furthermore, the variation in Al-induced oxalic acid efflux along the root was similar, showing a 10-fold greater efflux from the apical 0- to 5-mm region than from the 5- to 10-mm region. These results suggest that both Shanxi and Jiangxi possess an equal capacity for Al-dependent oxalic acid secretion. Another two potential Al resistance mechanisms, i.e. Al-induced alkalinization of rhizosphere pH and root inorganic phosphate release, were also not involved in their differential Al resistance. However, after longer treatments in Al (10 d), the concentrations of phosphorus and Al in the roots of the Al-resistant cultivar Jiangxi were significantly higher than those in Shanxi. Furthermore, more Al was localized in the cell walls of the resistant cultivar. All these results suggest that while Al-dependent oxalic acid secretion might contribute to the overall high resistance to Al stress of buckwheat, this response cannot explain the variation in tolerance between these two cultivars. We present evidence suggesting the greater Al resistance in buckwheat is further related to the immobilization and detoxification of Al by phosphorus in the root tissues.