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1.
E. Nakamura T. Moritani A. Kanetaka 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1989,58(7):778-785
A population of healthy middle-aged (n = 69) and elderly men (n = 12), who participated in a health promotion program, was studied to determine whether really physically fit individuals are in good biological condition, and also whether improvement of physical fitness in the middle-aged and the elderly reduces their "rate of aging". Biological and physical fitness ages of the individuals studied were estimated from the data for 18 physiological function tests and 5 physical fitness tests, respectively, by a principal component model. The correlation coefficient between the estimated biological and physical fitness ages was 0.72 (p less than 0.01). Detailed analyses of the relationship between the estimated biological and physical fitness ages revealed that those who manifested a higher ("older") physical fitness age did not necessarily have a higher biological age, but those who manifested a lower ("younger") physical fitness age were also found to have a lower biological age. These results suggested that there were considerable individual variations in the relationship between biological condition and physical fitness among individuals with an old physical fitness age, but those who were in a state of high physical fitness maintained a relatively good biological condition. The data regarding the elderly men who had maintained a regular exercise program indicated that their estimated biological ages were considerably younger than the expected values. This might suggest that in older individuals regular physical activity may provide physiological improvements which in turn might reduce "the rate of aging". 相似文献
2.
Michael J. Price Ian G. Campbell 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1997,76(6):552-560
The thermoregulatory responses of ten paraplegic (PA; T3/4-L4) and nine able-bodied (AB) upper body trained athletes were
examined at rest and during prolonged arm-cranking exercise and passive recovery. Exercise was performed for 90 min at 80%
peak heart rate, and at 21.5 (1.7)°C and 47.0 (7.8)% relative humidity on a Monark cycle ergometer (Ergomedic 814E) adapted
for arm exercise. Mean peak oxygen uptake values for the PA and AB athlete groups were 2.12 (0.41) min−1 and 3.19 (0.38) l · min−1, respectively (P<0.05). At rest, there was no difference in aural temperature between groups [36.2 (0.4)°C for both groups]. However, upper
body skin temperatures for the PA athletes were approximately 1.0 °C warmer than for the AB athletes, whereas lower body skin
temperatures were cooler than those for the AB athletes (1.3 °C and 2.7 °C for the thigh and calf, respectively). Upper and
lower body skin temperatures for the AB athletes were similar. During exercise, blood lactate peaked after 15 min of exercise
for both groups [3.33 (1.26) mmol · l−1 and 4.30 (1.03) mmol · l−1 for the PA and AB athletes, respectively, P<0.05] and decreased throughout the remainder of the exercise period. Aural temperature increased by 0.7 (0.5)°C and 0.6 (0.4)°C
for the AB and PA athletes, respectively. Calf skin temperature for the PA athletes increased during exercise by 1.4 (2.8)°C
(P<0.05), whereas a decrease of 0.8 (2.0)°C (P<0.05) was observed for the AB athletes. During the first 20 min of recovery from exercise, the calf skin temperature of the
AB athletes decreased further [−2.6 (1.3)°C; P<0.05]. Weight losses and changes in plasma volume were similar for both groups [0.7 (0.5) kg and 0.7 (0.4) kg; 5.4 (4.9)%
and 9.7 (6.2)% for the PA and AB athletes, respectively]. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the PA athletes
exhibit different thermoregulatory responses at rest and during exercise and passive recovery to those of upper body trained
AB athletes. Despite this, during 90 min of arm-crank exercise in a cool environment, the PA athletes appeared to be at no
greater thermal risk than the AB athletes.
Accepted: 7 May 1997 相似文献
3.
Michael Gleeson Andrew K. Blannin Neil P. Walsh Christine N. E. Field Jeanette C. Pritchard 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1998,77(3):292-295
Eccentric muscle actions are known to induce temporary muscle damage, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and muscle weakness
that may persist for several days. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether DOMS-inducing exercise affects
blood lactate responses to subsequent incremental dynamic exercise. Physiological and metabolic responses to a standardised
incremental exercise task were measured two days after the performance of an eccentric exercise bout or in a control (no prior
exercise) condition. Ten healthy recreationally active subjects (9 male, 1 female), aged 20 (SD 1) years performed repeated
eccentric muscle actions during 40 min of bench stepping (knee high step; 15 steps · min−1). Two days after the eccentric exercise, while the subjects experienced DOMS, they cycled on a basket loaded cycle ergometer
at a starting work rate of 150 W, with increments of 50 W every 2 min until fatigue. The order of the preceding treatments
(eccentric exercise or control) was randomised and the treatments were carried out 2 weeks apart. Two days after the eccentric
exercise, all subjects reported leg muscle soreness and exhibited elevated levels of plasma creatine kinase activity (P < 0.05). Endurance time and peak V˙O2 during cycling were unaffected by the prior eccentric exercise. Minute volume, respiratory exchange ratio and heart rate
responses were similar but venous blood lactate concentration was higher (P < 0.05) during cycling after eccentric exercise compared with the control condition. Peak blood lactate concentration, observed
at 2 min post-exercise was also higher [12.6 (SD 1.4) vs 10.9 SD (1.3) mM; P < 0.01]. The higher blood lactate concentration during cycling exercise after prior eccentric exercise may be attributable
to an increased rate of glycogenolysis possibly arising from an increased recruitment of Type II muscle fibres. It follows
that determination of lactate thresholds for the purpose of fitness assessment in subjects experiencing DOMS is not appropriate.
Accepted: 27 September 1997 相似文献
4.
Vedat Cinar Rasim Mogulkoc Abdulkerim Kasim Baltaci Ozgur Bostanci 《Biological trace element research》2010,133(1):29-33
This study was performed to determine how the calcium supplementation for a 4-week period affects the glucose and insulin
levels at rest and at exhaustion in athletes. This is a 4-week study performed on 30 healthy subjects varying between 18 and
22 ages. Subjects were separated into three groups: first group (group supplemented with calcium, sedentary group), second
group (calcium supplementations + exercise group), and third group (training group). Glucose and insulin parameters of the
groups were measured four times, at rest and exhaustion in the beginning of the research and at rest and exhaustion after
the end of 4 weeks application period. Exhaustion measurements both before and after the supplementations significantly decreased
in compared to rest measurements in terms of insulin (p < 0.05). Significant difference was not determined in the glucose values of groups. In terms of glucose, values increased
in all of the three groups occurred with exercise both before and after the supplementation by exercise and exhaustion (p < 0.05). The results of our study indicate that calcium gluconate supplementations for 4 weeks in sedentary subjects and
athletes did not significantly affect plasma insulin levels at rest and exhaustion. However, glucose levels were affected
by calcium supplementation and exhausting exercise in athletes. 相似文献
5.
The occurrence of diapause and quiescence was investigated in Argas reflexus engorged larvae, nymphs I and nymphs II. For diapause experiments, larvae were maintained at five different locations: at
constant 20°C long day (LD; 17 h light:7 h dark) or short day (SD; 10 h light:14 h dark), at two locations with natural photoperiod
and temperature and at one location with natural photoperiod but constant 15°C. At 20°C, diapause incidence was low in physiologically
young larvae, increased with larval age, and then decreased to zero in specimens of increased physiological age. This pattern,
observed both at constant LD and SD, suggests that the propensity to diapause changes with the physiological age of the unfed
larva. The duration of diapause decreased with increasing larval physiological age at all locations, resulting in a seasonally
synchronized moulting pattern. The results suggest that A. reflexus larvae are photoperiodically sensitive both before and after feeding and that decreasing daylengths may be particularly strong
inductive stimuli. The developmental zero and thermal constant of the larvae were determined as 13.24°C and 220 degree-days,
respectively. Degree-day measurements revealed that larval A. reflexus may enter a diapause of different length when fed between August and December and kept at natural daylength. Development
of engorged nymphs I and nymphs II, but not of larvae, was ultimatively restricted at a temperature of 37.5°C, but immediately
resumed at 25°C, demonstrating the occurrence of quiescence at high temperatures. Similarly, at a low temperature of 15°C,
many nymphs I and II did not develop within 58 months, but did so successfully after transfer to 25°C, without additional
food intake.
Received: 20 May 1997 / Accepted: 4 August 1997 相似文献
6.
E Nakamura T Moritani A Kanetaka 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1990,61(3-4):202-208
The purpose of this study was to determine whether adult women who are in a state of high physical fitness are in a good state biologically, in terms of biological and physical fitness ages as estimated by statistical means. The subjects were 65 healthy Japanese women (aged 20-64 years). Biological and physical fitness ages were estimated from the data for 18 physiological function tests and 5 physical fitness tests, respectively, by a principal component model. The correlation coefficient between biological and physical fitness ages was 0.70 (P less than 0.01), which was generally regarded as a high correlation. Therefore, those who were in a state of high physical fitness were considered to be in good biological condition. This result is in good agreement with the results (r = 0.72) from adult men, on whom we reported previously. A statistical analysis to ascertain the relative importance of each contributory variable associated with the variance in biological age suggested that routine clinical evaluation of blood pressure and lipid metabolism might play an important role in determining not only the presence and severity of vascular disease but also the rate of biological aging in women. 相似文献
7.
Frank MK Esteves AM Lopes C Cavagnolli DA Tufik S de Mello MT 《Biological trace element research》2012,145(2):222-224
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the profile of serum iron in spontaneously hypertensive rats after an aerobic physical
exercise. To accomplish this, 12 normotensive Wistar rats and 12 spontaneously hypertensive rats were distributed into “physical
exercise” and “no physical exercise” groups. The animals in the physical exercise group underwent to an aerobic exercise for
a total of 4 weeks. Blood was collected for the analysis of iron. Our results indicate that rats of the physical exercise
group had significantly lower serum iron levels after the aerobic exercise protocol compared to the spontaneously hypertensive
rats no physical exercise group (F
(3,16) = 4.4915, p < 0.01). No significant difference was found between no physical exercise groups. The results indicated that the difference
in iron may be due to an increased demand for iron, prompted by chronic physical exercise. In addition, erythrocytosis has
been associated with increased blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats, suggesting that iron reduction may be related
to decreased blood pressure in these animals. 相似文献
8.
Vedat Cinar Rasim Mogulkoc Abdulkerim Kasim Baltaci 《Biological trace element research》2010,134(2):130-135
In the present study, experiments were designed to investigate if supplementation with calcium during 4 weeks had an effect
on blood parameters in sedentary male athletes at rest and exhaustion. Thirty healthy subjects of ages ranging from 18 to
22 years were included in the study. The subjects were separated into three groups, as follows: Group 1 consisted sedentary
athletes receiving 35 mg/kg/day calcium gluconate. Group 2 included subjects equally supplemented with calcium training 90 min/day
for 5 days/week. Group 3 were subject to the same exercise regime but did not receive calcium supplements. Blood parameters
were determined in the experimental subjects at rest and after exhaustion. The leukocyte count (WBC) of athletes in groups
2 and 3 were significantly higher at exhaustion (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the WBC of the two supplemented groups. The erythrocyte count (RBC) was
increased in the supplemented athletes after training (p < 0.05), but hemoglobin, hematocrit, and trombocyte levels remained unchanged. The mean corpuscular volume increased in the
calcium-supplemented group at rest (p < 0.05). These results suggest that calcium supplementation only causes increases in white and red blood cell counts in athletes
after exhaustion while other hematological parameters remain unchanged. 相似文献
9.
Abdulkerim Kasim Baltaci Hakki Gokbel Rasim Mogulkoc Nilsel Okudan Kagan Ucok Ihsan Halifeoglu 《Biological trace element research》2010,134(1):79-83
The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of exercise and zinc deficiency on some elements in rats.
Forty adult male Sprague–Dawley species male rats were allocated to four groups as follows: Group 1: control, Group 2: zinc-deficient,
Group 3: exercise in which exercise group fed with a normal diet, Group 4: zinc-deficient exercise, exercise group fed by
a zinc-deficient diet for 15 days. After the procedure ended, rats in groups 3 and 4 were exercised on the treadmill for 60 min
at a speed of 6 m/min until the exhaustion. The rats were decapitated 48 h after exercise together with their controls, and
blood samples were collected to determine copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) levels.
The highest Cu and Fe values in the serum were obtained in group 2 (p < 0.01). The levels of these elements in group 4 were lower than those in group 2 and higher than the levels in groups 1
and 3 (p < 0.01). Serum Mg levels did not differ significantly between groups. Group 4 had the lowest serum Ca and P levels (p < 0.01). These same parameters in Group 2 were higher than those in group 4 but significantly lower than those in groups
1 and 3 (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference between Ca and P levels of groups 1 and 3. The results of the study indicate
that zinc deficiency adversely affects copper, iron, calcium, and phosphorus mechanisms and that these adverse effects much
more marked after an effort exercise. 相似文献
10.
The present study was performed to investigate the effects of strenuous exercise and calcium supplementation on cortisol and
adrenocorticotropic hormone levels in athletes at rest and exhaustion. Thirty male athletes, ages 17–21 years, were enrolled
in the 4-week study. They were divided into three groups as follows: group 1 (n = 10): training without supplementation; group 2 (n = 10): training and calcium supplemented, and group 3 (n = 10): calcium supplemented without training. Venous blood samples were obtained for determination of the hormones. One-month
supplementation with calcium does not influence the cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone in athletes, but strenuous exercise
results in a significant increase in their levels with or without supplementation (p < 0.05). 相似文献
11.
Mustafa Akil Mursel Bicer Mehmet Kilic Mustafa Cihat Avunduk Rasim Mogulkoc Abdulkerim Kasim Baltaci 《Biological trace element research》2011,139(3):341-346
There are a few of studies examining how selenium, which is known to reduce oxidative damage in exercise, influences glucose
metabolism and exhaustion in physical activity. The present study aims to examine how selenium administration affects liver
glycogen levels in rats subjected to acute swimming exercise. The study included 32 Sprague–Dawley type male rats, which were
equally allocated to four groups: Group 1, general control; Group 2; selenium-supplemented control (6 mg/kg/day sodium selenite);
Group 3, swimming control; Group 4, selenium-supplemented swimming (6 mg/kg/day sodium selenite). Liver tissue samples collected
from the animals at the end of the study were fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol. From the tissue samples buried into paraffin, 5-μm
cross-sections were obtained using a microtome, put on a microscope slide, and stained with PAS. Stained preparations were
assessed using a Nikon Eclipse E400 light microscope. All images obtained with the light microscope were transferred to a
PC and evaluated using Clemex PE 3.5 image analysis software. The highest liver glycogen levels were found in groups 1 and
2 (p < 0.05). The levels in group 4 were lower than those in groups 1 and 2 but higher than the levels in group 3 (p < 0.05). The lowest liver glycogen levels were obtained in group 3 (p < 0.05). Results of the study indicate that liver glycogen levels that decrease in acute swimming exercise can be restored
by selenium administration. It can be argued that physiological doses of selenium administration can contribute to performance. 相似文献
12.
Aehyun Kwon Masako Kato Hiroko Kawamura Yuichi Yanai Hiromi Tokura 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1998,78(6):487-493
The purpose of this present study was to compare the physiological effects of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties
of the fabrics investigated in exercising and resting subjects at an ambient temperature of 30°C and a relative humidity of
50% with and without wind. Three kinds of clothing ensemble were tested: wool and cotton blend with high moisture regain (A),
100% cotton with intermediate moisture regain (B), 100% polyester clothing with low moisture regain (C). The experiments were
performed using seven young adult women as subjects. They comprised six repeated periods of 10-min exercise on a cycle ergometer
at an intensity of 40% maximal oxygen uptake followed by 5 min of rest (20 min for the last rest). The experiments comprised
two sessions. During session I (first three repetitions of exercise and rest) the subjects were exposed to an indifferent
wind velocity and during session II (last three repetitions of exercise and rest) they were exposed to a wind velocity of
1.5 m · s−1. Rectal temperature and skin temperatures at eight sites, pulse rate and clothing microclimate were recorded throughout the
whole period. The main findings can be summarized as follows: rectal temperature during session II was kept at a significantly
lower level in A than in B and C. Clothing microclimate humidity at the chest was significantly lower in A than in B and C
during session II. Skin and clothing microclimate temperatures at the chest were significantly lower in A than in B and C
during session II. Pulse rate was significantly higher in C than in A and B during sessions I and II. It was concluded that
the hydrophilic properties of the fabrics studied were of physiological significance for reducing heat strain during exercise
and rest especially when influenced by wind.
Accepted: 3 June 1998 相似文献
13.
David Ben-Sira Michael Sagiv 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1997,75(6):549-553
The effect of gender on left ventricular systolic function and exercise haemodynamics in healthy young subjects was studied
during 30-s all-out sudden strenuous dynamic exercise. A group of 22 men [19.3 (SD 1) years] 20 women [19.1 (SD 1) years]
volunteered to participate in this study. Two-dimensional direct M-mode and Doppler echocardiograph studies were performed
with the subject in the sitting position. The Doppler examination of flow was located with continuous-wave, interrogating
ascending aorta measurements. The subjects completed the study without showing any electrocardiograph abnormalities. An interaction
effect with stroke volume (P < 0.05) was characterized by a decrease in the men and an increase of stroke volume in the women. Cardiac output rose significantly
(P < 0.05) up to 14.5 (SD 6) l · min−1) for the men and 12.1 (SD 4) l · min−1 for the women compared to the rest values [5.8 (SD 0.4) and 4.7 (SD 0.5) l · min−1, respectively]. Flow velocity integral and acceleration time differed significantly between the two groups at rest (P < 0.05). During exercise these differences showed an interaction effect (P < 0.05). These results would indicate that normal men and women respond to sudden strenuous exercise by reducing their left
ventricular systolic function, with a significantly greater decrease in women (P < 0.05). The gender differences in the haemodynamic responses during the present study, may, as suggested by others, be attributable
to differences in energy metabolism. In addition, changes in Doppler parameters of aortic flow, haemodynamics and blood pressure
responses during sudden strenuous exercise differed markedly from those seen before with endurance exercise.
Accepted: 8 January 1997 相似文献
14.
Chae CH Jung SL An SH Jung CK Nam SN Kim HT 《Journal of physiology and biochemistry》2011,67(2):235-241
We investigated the effects of treadmill exercise performed regularly for 6 weeks on the levels of nerve growth factor (NGF),
tyrosine kinase A and p75 receptors, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular
signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1,2, cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and caspase-3 in the soleus of rats
with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Thirty-two male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into the following four groups:
(1) normal control group (NCG; n = 8), (2) normal exercise group (NEG; n = 8), (3) diabetes control group (DCG; n = 8), and (4) diabetes exercise group (DEG; n = 8). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (55 mg/kg dissolved in 0.05 M citrate buffer, pH 4.5). Rats
were subjected to treadmill exercise 5 days a week for 6 weeks. The protein level of NGF significantly increased in the NEG
and DEG (p < 0.001), whereas the levels of tyrosine kinase A and p75 receptors significantly increased in the NEG (p < 0.001). The levels of t-PI3-K, p-PI3-K, and p-CREB, and the p-CREB/t-CREB ratio significantly increased in the NEG (p < 0.001, respectively). The p-PI3-K/t-PI3-K ratio significantly increased in the DEG (p < 0.001). The p-Erk1/t-Erk1 ratio significantly increased in the NEG (p < 0.001), whereas the p-Erk2/t-Erk2 ratio significantly decreased in the DCG and DEG (p < 0.001). The caspase-3 level significantly increased in the DCG compared with that in the DEG (p < 0.001). These results suggest that treadmill exercise increases NGF levels and accelerates p-PI3-K activation in order
to suppress apoptotic cell death in the soleus muscle of diabetic rats. 相似文献
15.
The effects of a 1-month exercise program and magnesium supplementation on the adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels
were studied in young tae-kwon-do and sedentary subjects both at rest and exhaustion. The hormone levels were compared before
and after supplementation with 10 mg of magnesium (as magnesium sulfate) per kilogram of body weight. Both exercise and magnesium
supplements caused significant increases of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (p < 0.05). The cortisol levels were increased in training subjects receiving supplements (p < 0.05) but not so in subjects that either trained or received magnesium supplements in an independent manner. The cortisol
levels measured in resting individuals were higher in the supplemented and non-supplemented athletes than those in sedentary
subjects (p < 0.05). The results of this study show that exercise and/or magnesium supplementation causes a rise of the adrenocorticotropic
hormone, whereas cortisol is increased only as a result of combined exhaustion and magnesium supplements. 相似文献
16.
Hiroshi Takaki Kenji Sunagawa Masaru Sugimachi Yasushi Hara Toru Kawada Takashi Kurita Yoichi Goto 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1998,78(4):333-339
The transient response of oxygen uptake (V˙O2) to submaximal exercise, known to be abnormal in patients with cardiovascular disorders, can be useful in assessing the functional
status of the cardiocirculatory system, however, a method for evaluating it accurately has not yet been established. As an
alternative approach to the conventional test at constant exercise intensity, we applied a random stimulus technique that
has been shown to provide relatively noise immune responses of system being investigated. In 27 patients with heart failure
and 24 age-matched control subjects, we imposed cycle exercise at 50 W intermittently according to a pseudo-random binary
(exercise-rest) sequence, while measuring breath-by-breath V˙O2. After determining the transfer function relating exercise intensity (W˙) to V˙O2 and attenuating the high frequency ranges (>6 exercise-rest cycles · min−1), we computed the high resolution band-limited (0–6 cycles · min−1) V˙O2 response (0–120 s) to a hypothetical step exercise. The V˙O2 response showed a longer time constant in the patients than in the control subjects [47 (SD 37) and 31 (SD 8) s, respectively,
P < 0.05]. Furthermore, the amplitude of the V˙O2 response after the initial response was shown to be significantly smaller in the patients than in the control subjects [176
(SD 50) and 267 (SD 54) ml · min−1 at 120 s]. The average amplitude over 120 s correlated well with peak V˙O2 (r = 0.73) and ΔV˙O2/ΔW˙ (r = 0.70), both of which are well-established indexes of exercise tolerance. The data indicated that our band-limited V˙O2
step response using random exercise was more markedly attenuated and delayed in the patients with heart failure than in the normal controls
and that it could be useful in quantifying the overall functional status of the cardiocirculatory system.
Accepted: 6 January 1998 相似文献
17.
D. L. Thompson K. M. Townsend R. Boughey K. Patterson D. R. Bassett Jr 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1998,78(1):43-49
Substrate utilization during and after low- and moderate-intensity exercise of similar caloric expenditure was compared.
Ten active males [age: 26.9 (4.8) years; height: 181.1 (4.8) cm; Mass: 75.7 (8.8) kg; maximum O2 consumption (V˙O2
max
): 51.2 (4.8) ml · kg−1 · min−1] cycled at 33% and 66% V˙O2
max
on separate days for 90 and 45 min, respectively. After exercise, subjects rested in a recumbent position for 6 h. Two h
post-exercise, subjects ate a standard meal of 66% carbohydrate (CHO), 11% protein, and 23% fat. Near-continuous indirect
calorimetry and measurement of urinary nitrogen excretion were used to determine substrate utilization. Total caloric expenditure
was similar for the two trials; however, significantly (P<0.05) more fat [42.4 (3.6) g versus 24.0 (12.2) g] and less CHO [142.5 (28.5) g versus 188.8 (45.2) g] was utilized as a
substrate during the low-intensity compared to the moderate-intensity trial. Protein utilization was similar for the two trials.
The difference in substrate use can be attributed to the exercise period because over twice as much fat was utilized during
low-intensity [30.0 (11.0) g] compared to moderate-intensity exercise [13.6 (6.6) g]. Significantly more (P<0.05) CHO was utilized during the moderate-intensity [106.0 (27.8) g] compared to the low-intensity exercise [68.7 (20.0) g].
Substrate use during the recovery period was not significantly different. We conclude that low-intensity, long-duration exercise
results in a greater total fat oxidation than does moderate intensity exercise of similar caloric expenditure. Dietary-induced
thermogenesis was not different for the two trials.
Accepted: 3 November 1997 相似文献
18.
Jens Jordan Ralph Beneke Mathias Hütler Alexander Veith Hermann Haller Friedrich C. Luft 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1997,76(2):192-194
Intravascular adhesion of leucocytes plays a role in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic vascular disease. Regular aerobic
exercise seems to protect against vascular disease. Since leucocyte adhesion is mediated by integrins, we tested the hypothesis
that surface expression of the integrin adhesive receptors LFA-1 (cd11a/cd18), MAC-1 (cd11b/cd18), gp 150/95 (cd11c/cd18),
and VLA-4 (cd29/cd49) is decreased by moderate endurance exercise. Surface expression of integrins was measured by FACS analysis
in 19 healthy subjects (16 males, 3 females, 36.6 ± 8.7 years, 177.1 ± 7.5 cm, 70.3 ± 8.1 kg) before and after submaximal
exercise (3 h run) using monoclonal antibodies against cd11a, cd11b, cd11c, cd18, cd29 and cd49. In addition, we compared
resting integrin expression in this group with a group of sedentary subjects (19 males, 6 females, 29.3 ± 5.3 years). White
blood cell count increased from 5300 ml–1 to 9740 ml–1 during exercise (P<0.001). Nevertheless, the expression (indicated by the mean log fluorescence) of cd11a (94 ± 24 vs. 78 ± 14) and cd18 (128 ± 31
vs. 102 ± 21) on lymphocytes and of cd11a (104 ± 25 vs. 85 ± 16), cd11c (497 ± 171 vs. 408 ± 126) cd29 (109 ± 16 vs. 89 ± 16),
cd49 (69± 8 vs. 54 ± 11) on monocytes was decreased after exercise (all P<0.05). In contrast, integrin expression on granulocytes was not altered by exercise. Comparison of exercising and sedentary
subjects showed a significantly decreased expression of integrins in exercising subjects. Our results demonstrate that moderate
exercise leads to decreased expression of integrin receptors on leucocytes. This decreased expression of adhesion molecules
may result in decreased adhesion and infiltration of leucocytes into the vessel wall. This phenomenon may play a role in the
beneficial effect of moderate exercise in prevention of acute and chronic vascular disease.
Accepted: 18 March 1997 相似文献
19.
The objective of the present study is to explore the effects of acute swimming exercise on plasma levels of some elements
in rats, immediately after the exercise, and 24 and 48 h later. The study included 40 adult male rats of Spraque Dawley species,
which were equally allocated to four groups. Group 1: General Control Group; Group 2: Swimming Group, the group that was decapitated
immediately after 30-min acute swimming exercise; Group 3: Swimming Group, the group that was decapitated 24 h after 30-min
acute swimming exercise; Group 4: Swimming Group, the group that was decapitated 48 h after 30-min acute swimming exercise.
Plasma copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn) levels were determined according to
atomic emission method in the blood samples collected from the animals by decapitation method. Measurements conducted immediately
after acute swimming exercise (group 2) showed a significant decrease in Se and Zn levels (p < 0,01) and a significant increase in P levels (p < 0,01), when compared to group 1. Measurements carried out 24 h after the exercise (group 3) demonstrated a significant
increase in all parameters except for Mg, in comparison to groups 1 and 2 (p < 0,01). It was seen in the measurements made 48 h after the exercise (group 4) that all parameters were restored to control
values. The results of our study show that acute swimming exercise significantly changes plasma Cu, Fe, P, Se, and Zn levels. 相似文献
20.
Suzette R. Cooke Stewart R. Petersen H. Arthur Quinney 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1997,75(6):512-519
Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) was used to investigate the influence of maximal aerobic power (˙VO
2max) on the recovery of human calf muscle from high-intensity exercise. The (˙VOO2max) of 21 males was measured during treadmill exercise and subjects were assigned to either a low-aerobic-power (LAP) group
(n = 10) or a high-aerobic-power (HAP) group (n = 11). Mean (SE) ˙VO 2max of the groups were 46.6 (1.1) and 64.4 (1.4) ml · kg−1 · min−1, respectively. A calf ergometry work capacity test was used to assign the same relative exercise intensity to each subject
for the MRS protocol. At least 48 h later, subjects performed the rest (4 min), exercise (2 min) and recovery (10 min) protocol
in a 1.5 T MRS scanner. The relative concentration of phosphocreatine (PCr) was measured throughout the protocol and intracellular
pH (pHi) was determined from the chemical shift between inorganic phospate (Pi) and PCr. End-exercise PCr levels were 27 (3.4) and 25 (3.5)% of resting levels for LAP and HAP respectively. Mean resting
pHi was 7.07 for both groups, and following exercise it fell to 6.45 (0.04) for HAP and 6.38 (0.04) for LAP. Analysis of data
using non-linear regression models showed no differences in the rate of either PCr or pHi recovery. The results suggest that ˙VO2max is a poor predictor of metabolic recovery rate from high-intensity exercise. Differences in recovery rate observed between
individuals with similar ˙VO2max imply that other factors influence recovery.
Accepted: 17 December 1996 相似文献