GAL4/UAS系统在果蝇Tis11基因RNA干扰中的应用

TTP在哺乳动物许多关键基因表达的转录后水平上起调控作用,Tis11是TTP蛋白在果蝇中的同源物.目前还没有现成的可用于研究Tis11功能的基因敲除或敲低的果蝇.为了获得肌动蛋白启动子或者热激蛋白启动子驱动表达Tis11 mRNA干扰序列的具有较高干扰效率的Tis11基因干扰果蝇,将肌动蛋白启动子或者热激启动子驱动表达的GAL4果蝇品系与融合有Tis11 mRNA干扰序列的UAS品系杂交,收集同时带有GAL4基因和UAS序列的子一代果蝇.提取所收集果蝇的总RNA,将其中的mRNA逆转录成cDNA,并设计检测Tis11基因的特异性引物,然后通过Real-time PCR检测Tis11 mRNA的表达情况.结果显示所收集的能表达Tis11基因干扰序列的子一代果蝇与不能表达Tis11基因干扰序列的对照果蝇相比,其体内Tis11 mRNA的表达水平下降明显.收集的果蝇其体内所表达的干扰序列对Tis11 mRNA干扰效果显著,我们成功获得了Tis11基因的RNA干扰果蝇.     

GAL4/UAS系统在转基因技术中的应用研究进展

GAL4/UAS系统是一种转基因技术体系,其原理是利用特定的启动子或增强子,以组织特异性的方式激活酵母转录激活子GAL4的表达,GAL4又以同样的方式引起GAL4反应元件(UAS)-靶基因的转录。GAL4/UAS系统的关键点在于:GAL4基因和UAS-靶基因分别存在于两个转基因系中。GAL4转基因系中有转录激活子,但没有靶基因;在UAS-靶基因系中,转录激活子不存在,因而靶基因处于沉默状态,只有将GAL4转基因系与UAS-靶基因系进行杂交,才可能产生表达靶基因的后代。本文综述了GAL4/UAS系统的建立及其研究应用。     

Gal80~(ts)与Gal4组合灵敏控制果蝇中UAS转基因的表达水平

【目的】Gal80~(ts)与Gal4组合驱动UAS转基因表达是黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster研究中常用的转基因过表达遗传学工具,通过温度控制实现对UAS转基因表达的灵活开关。Gal80~(ts)是一种温度敏感型蛋白,低温下(18℃)与Gal4蛋白结合并抑制其转录活力,高温下(29℃)解除对Gal4的抑制,从而允许Gal4结合UAS位点,启动UAS转基因的表达。但是从18~29℃的开关只能强烈过表达UAS转基因,而不能灵活调控转基因的表达水平。本实验系统研究一系列温度下转基因的表达水平,从而实现该体系对转基因的表达水平的灵活控制。【方法】以果蝇翅芽这一常用器官组织为研究模型,以2种Gal4品系(dpp-Gal4和en-Gal4,分别由decapentaplgic和engrailed基因的启动子驱动)分别与tub-Gal80~(ts)(微管蛋白基因tubulin启动子驱动)基因重组后,再分别与UAS-wg(wingless)转基因品系杂交;在一系列温度(18,25,27.5,28,28.5和30℃)下进行子代幼虫培养,通过免疫组化染色揭示并量化分析转基因wg在3龄幼虫翅芽上的表达水平。【结果】18~25℃培养条件下,Gal80~(ts)与Gal4组合系统中的UAS转基因不能表达;30℃时培养,转基因强烈地过表达;在25~30℃区间内,随着温度升高,转基因表达水平逐渐上升。【结论】在25~30℃之间的温度调控可以实现对Gal80~(ts)与Gal4组合系统中的UAS转基因表达水平的调控。本研究结果对调控转基因表达程度有重要价值。     

用“增强子陷阱”技术构造并筛选果蝇UAS/GAL4系统中GAL4新品系及脑基因表达图谱数据库的开发

"增强子陷阱"技术是建立果蝇脑全基因组表达图谱及其数据库的重要方法.筛选获得新特异表达的GAL4品系,可为进一步研究果蝇脑神经在学习记忆功能提供强有力的基因工具.通过"增强子陷阱"技术来获得果蝇突变体,并与报告转基因果蝇(UAS-EGFP)杂交,用荧光显微镜观察成年果蝇脑内荧光分布,从而获得该突变体的脑基因表达图谱,在此基础上利用JavaScript来建立果蝇脑全基因组表达数据库.目前获得基因突变体果蝇2 677种,大部分在果蝇脑中有表达,其中在果蝇嗅觉学习记忆相关脑区蘑菇体表达的基因有368个,且有部分基因特异地表达在某些传导通路上.这些果蝇基因突变体库及其表达图谱为进一步研究各基因的功能及作为遗传工具来研究各脑区结构和功能提供极大方便.     

GAL4 enhancer traps that can be used to drive gene expression in developing Drosophila spermatocytes

The Drosophila testis has proven to be a valuable model organ for investigation of germline stem cell (GSC) maintenance and differentiation as well as elucidation of the genetic programs that regulate differentiation of daughter spermatogonia. Development of germ cell specific GAL4 driver transgenes has facilitated investigation of gene function in GSCs and spermatogonia but specific GAL4 tools are not available for analysis of postmitotic spermatogonial differentiation into spermatocytes. We have screened publically available pGT1 strains, a GAL4‐encoding gene trap collection, to identify lines that can drive gene expression in late spermatogonia and early spermatocytes. While we were unable to identify any germline‐specific drivers, we did identify an insertion in the chiffon locus, which drove expression specifically in early spermatocytes within the germline along with the somatic cyst cells of the testis. genesis 50:914–920, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

A GAL4/UAS luciferase system to identify the miRNAs target mRNAs in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Drosophila</Emphasis> S2 cells

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to regulate gene expression through the sequence-specific base pairing with their target mRNAs. However, our understanding of the biological roles of miRNAs is still quite limited, and only a handful of miRNAs have been assigned by genetic analysis in part owing to the difficulty in the identification of their targets. Although computational methods have shown to be helpful in the prediction of miRNA targets, a major obstacle has been the lack of quick and efficient experimental procedures to verify these targets. In this report, we describe a UAS/GAL4-based reporter system for this purpose. Our data indicate it an assay of miRNA–target gene interaction, with greater sensitivity over the previously reported methods, and may be useful for more efficient identification/validation the miRNA targets in Drosophila cell lines.     

GAL4 enhancer trap targeting of the Drosophila sex determination gene fruitless

The fru4 allele of the sex determination gene fruitless is induced by insertion of a P[lacZ,ry+] enhancer trap element. This insert also acts to disrupt expression of the fru P1 promoter derived male-specific proteins, consequently impairing male courtship behavior. fru4 maps less than 2 kb upstream of the fru P3 promoter, whose function is essential for viability. We replaced this insert with a GAL4 element, P[GAL4,w+], recovering two lines with insertions in opposite orientations at the locus, one of which demonstrated fru-specific mutant phenotypes. Reporter expression of these lines recapitulated that of P3- and P4-derived proteins which, when correlated with a developmental and tissue specific survey of fru promoters' activities, uncovered a previously unsuspected complexity of fru regulation. These novel fru alleles provide the tools for manipulation of fru-expressing cells, allowing the consequent effects to be related back to specific fru functions and the regulatory units controlling these activities.     

Conditional modification of behavior in Drosophila by targeted expression of a temperature‐sensitive shibire allele in defined neurons

Behavior is a manifestation of temporally and spatially defined neuronal activities. To understand how behavior is controlled by the nervous system, it is important to identify the neuronal substrates responsible for these activities, and to elucidate how they are integrated into a functional circuit. I introduce a novel and general method to conditionally perturb anatomically defined neurons in intact Drosophila. In this method, a temperature‐sensitive allele of shibire (shi^ts1) is overexpressed in neuronal subsets using the GAL4/UAS system. Because the shi gene product is essential for synaptic vesicle recycling, and shi^ts1 is semidominant, a simple temperature shift should lead to fast and reversible effects on synaptic transmission of shi^ts1 expressing neurons. When shi^ts1 expression was directed to cholinergic neurons, adult flies showed a dramatic response to the restrictive temperature, becoming motionless within 2 min at 30°C. This temperature‐induced paralysis was reversible. After being shifted back to the permissive temperature, they readily regained their activity and started to walk in 1 min. When shi^ts1 was expressed in photoreceptor cells, adults and larvae exhibited temperature‐dependent blindness. These observations show that the GAL4/UAS system can be used to express shi^ts1 in a specific subset of neurons to cause temperature‐dependent changes in behavior. Because this method allows perturbation of the neuronal activities rapidly and reversibly in a spatially and temporally restricted manner, it will be useful to study the functional significance of particular neuronal subsets in the behavior of intact animals. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 47: 81–92, 2001