Kinetics of decrease in erythrocyte filterability under the effect of ephazol]

The effect of palladium-containing complex Ephazol on the filtration rate of erythrocyte suspensions through nuclear filters was studied by the constant-pressure filtration method. It was shown that the filterability of red blood cells incubated with ephazol decreased. If the time necessary for a fixed volume of red blood cell suspension to pass through a filter was plotted against the time of incubation with Ephazol or against its initial concentration, the curves typical of autoaccelerated processes were obtained. From analysis of kinetic models, it was concluded that the effects observed are due to the nonlinear dependence of the filtration rate w on the rate at which an erythrocyte passes through a pore and the influence of Ephazol on the distribution of erythrocytes with respect to w. Several models describing changes in the distribution of erythrocytes with respect to w in the presence of Ephazol and possible mechanisms relating the filtration kinetics to the incubation parameters are discussed.     

Changes in erythrocyte membrane antigens in developing fetal and postnatal mice.

A fetal antigen was detected by immunofluorescence on fetal erythrocytes of mice. The expression of this antigen decreases rapidly after birth and is no longer detectable 48 days later. Another antigen, called immature erythrocyte antigen, was detected on immature erythrocytes and appeared to be lost during cell maturation. The number of cells expressing this antigen reflects the mean age of the erythron at a given time. From the kinetics of variation of these antigens, it was concluded that: (1) The first cells lacking the embryonic antigen (adult cells?) were detected at birth; and (2) immature cells bearing the embryonic antigen were still produced after birth. The presence of this embryonic antigen before and after birth allows us to postulate the existence of a fetal erythropoiesis as observed in other species, although fetal hemoglobin has not been clearly demonstrated in the mouse.     

Changes in the ionization equilibrium of erythrocyte suspension under heating]

The effects of ionic strength, urea, calcium and fluorine ions, ouabain and cholinesterase inhibitors on the changes in the ionization equilibrium of an erythrocyte suspension under heating were studied. Proton release by erythrocytes was compared to a release of potassium ions and hemoglobin from the cells. The proton release under heating is mainly determined by the physico--chemical properties of superficial structures of erythrocytes and does not depend on the activity of cholinesterase, ATPase and glycolytic processes.     

Protective effect of vaccination with Toxoplasma lysate antigen and CpG as an adjuvant against Toxoplasma gondii in susceptible C57BL/6 mice

Infection with the intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii causes serious public health problems to both humans and livestock and of great economic impact worldwide. Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) which contain immunostimulatory CG motifs (CpG ODN) can promote Th1 responses, an adjuvant activity that is desirable for vaccination against intracellular pathogens. We investigated the feasibility of using CpG as an adjuvant combined with Toxoplasma lysate antigen (TLA) as a vaccine against toxoplasmosis. Genetically susceptible C57BL/6 mice were vaccinated with TLA with or without CpG ODN as an adjuvant and then challenged with 85 cysts of the moderately virulent RRA (Beverley) strain of T. gondii. Prior to challenge infection, immunization with TLA plus CpG ODN directed cellular and humoral immunity toward a Th1 pattern, characterized by enhanced INF gamma production by splenic cells in response to TLA, and enhanced production of toxoplasma-specific IgG and IgG (2a) antibodies. Consequently, CpG/TLA-treated mice showed prolonged survival and 64% reduction in brain parasite burden compared to non-CpG/TLA treated group. Our results suggest that CpG ODN would provide a stable and effective adjuvant for use in vaccination against toxoplasmosis.     

Identification of genetic variants in erythrocyte lysate by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by silver-staining has been employed to study 27 red cell lysates for genetic variation. Forty-six polypeptides selected without respect to variability were considered suitable for scoring. Only 23 of the total of 1,242 polypeptides could not be scored unambiguously. Of the remaining 1,219 polypeptides, 38 exhibited the combination of a normal and a variant polypeptide. All variants were present in either the father or the mother of the subjects. The observed index of heterozygosity was 3.1% +/- 0.5%.     

Osmotic effect on the hematocrit under the hypertonic condition

We have studied the hematocrit under the hypertonic condition, on the basis of theoretical considerations and available experimental data, for swine red cells and ghosts. Experimentally obtained exponential behavior for red cells and quadratic behavior of the hematocrit for ghosts were explained reasonably by the theory. From fittings of experimental data to the theoretical equations, elastic coefficients of red blood cells and red cell ghosts, both near the isotonic condition and in the high osmolarity range, were determined.     

Effects of erythrocyte lysate and erythrocyte-conditioned medium on erythroid cells in vitro.

A component of erythrocyte-conditioned medium has been shown to inhibit the incorporation of tritiated thymidine into erythroblasts from fetal mouse liver, proliferating in vitro. This component, however, has no detectable effect on the growth of colonies of erythroid cells stimulated to grow in viscous culture media by the hormone erythropoietin. Erythrocyte lysate and preparations of haemoglobin derived from the lysate increase the number and size of the colonies growing in vitro. Results are discussed in terms of possible control mechanisms in erythropoiesis.     

The effect of erythrocyte polypeptides on the erythron system in experimental anemia]

The paper reports the action of the polypeptide preparation made of red cells on erythron system in rat toxic anemia. These polypeptides proved more effective as to erythropoiesis stimulation in phenylhydrasine anemia than vitamin B12 or lek. Red cell polypeptides are considered possible regulators of erythropoiesis.     

The effect of inosine, inorganic phosphates and pyruvate on erythrocyte glycolysis metabolites under conditions of preservation]

Human erythrocytes were stored as resuspensions in solutions containing citrate (Z), inosine + citrate (I), inosine + phosphate (IP), and inosine + phosphate + pyruvate (IPP). The storage was made at + 4 degrees C for 6 weeks; the initial pH-value amounted to 7.4 at + 4 degrees C. The cellular concentrations of 2.3 DPG, ATP, G6P, FDP and DOAP + GAP were determined. The following results were obtained: 1. During the storage in stored Z-blood the 2.3 DPG concentration will fall below 10% of its initial value; it will remain nearly unchanged in stored I-blood and will increase to 170% in stored IP-blood, to 270% of its initial value in stored IPP-blood. 2. The ATP concentration of cells will fall to about 50% of its initial value at the beginning of the storage of all stored blood. After that it will only increase to about 80% of its initial value in stored IP- and IPP-blood. 3. During the storage the G6P concentration will increase to the highest degree in stored IPP-blood and if high pyruvate concentrations are not present, it will have a reciprocal behaviour towards the FDP and triosephosphate level. The results were discussed in view of the regulation of glycolysis under storage conditions.     

Mechanisms of the structural changes in erythrocyte membranes under the action of a shift in pH]

The effect of pH shifts (5--10) on erythrocyte "ghosts" has been studied using the IR spectroscopy. The process of regulation has been shown to take place within pH 7.15--8 range involving both protein (transition testified by absorption band changes 1520, 1540, 1635, 1645, 1585, 1696, 3305 CM-1) and lipid membrane components testified by absorption band splits 1745, 1470, 1380, 720 AND 1242 cm-1. The transition from a lesser to a higher regulating state of membrane structure happens unevenly, since the above changes take place within the narrow pH 7.15--8 interval, near the homeostase limit, being never observed at pH 5--7.15 or 8--10. It is supposed that the increase in regulation of both protein, phospholipid and lipid membrane fields is of phasic nature which presumably constitutes the basis for pH action mechanism as a regulation factor.     

Protective effect of various forms of human ceruloplasmin in copper-induced erythrocyte lysis]

It is known that human ceruloplasmin (CP) is made up of several isoforms which differ by the structure of their carbohydrate fragment. One of these isoforms, CP1, which makes up to approximately 40% of the native CP molecule and which contains a carbohydrate fragment, [formula: see text] is specifically bound to human erythrocyte (ER) receptors. This isoform was isolated by using lectin affinity chromatography. It was found that CP1 produces a much stronger protective effect on ER during Cu(2+)-induced lysis as compared with CP. A kinetic analysis of Cu2+ accumulation and reduced glutathione (GSH) decline in ER revealed that the lack of correlation between these two processes. It was found that in the presence of CP and CP1 the GSH concentration is not critical for the hemolytic resistance of ER. In the presence of CP1 ER hemolysis occurs at a slower rate whereas the GSH decline at a much faster rate than in the presence of CP.     

Improvement of pituitary homograft under the kidney capsule in mice]

The model of hyperprolactinemia induced by pituitary homografts under the kidney capsule has been used mainly in the field of reproductive physiology. The authors report an improved method for pituitary grafting in mice. The procedure was as follows: 1. The male pituitary glands with normal saline were aspirated into a polyethylene tube. 2. Two incisions were made in the kidney capsule. 3. The polyethylene tube with pituitary glands was inserted via a large incision. 4. Blowing air into the tube, the pituitary glands were left under the kidney capsule and normal saline streamed out of a small incision. Using this method, all pituitary grafted mice became pseudopregnant.     

Effectiveness of the tularemia-antibody erythrocyte diagnostic agent for the detection of specific antigen and antibodies to it]

The authors demonstrated the efficacy of utilization of tularemia antibody erythrocytic diagnostic agent. Data are presented indicating a strict specificity and a high sensitivity of this diagnostic agent for detection of the Vi-antigen both in the tularemia microbe cultures and in the suspensions of the organs of rodents which perished of tularemia, irrespective of the state of cadaver. There was revealed relationship between the sensitivity of the diagnostic agent and the virulence of the tularemia microbe cultures. A possibility of using the diagnostic agent in the antigen neutralization test for detection of specific antibodies in the sera of patients, who sustained the disease, and of the vaccinated humans and animals was revealed.     

芽孢杆菌DU-106裂解物对2,4-二硝基氟苯诱导的特应性皮炎小鼠的治疗作用

【背景】本团队前期研究发现芽孢杆菌DU-106具有良好的健康益处,但都是基于活菌的研究,对灭活菌的研究尚未开展。【目的】探究芽孢杆菌DU-106裂解物对特应性皮炎的治疗效果及作用机制。【方法】以2,4-二硝基氟苯诱导的特应性皮炎BALB/c小鼠为模型,通过病理学观察、免疫组化等手段研究其治疗效果,并测定NF-κB通路中基因与蛋白表达量,揭示其内在机制。【结果】芽孢杆菌DU-106裂解物有效缓解了特应性皮炎小鼠的病理学特征,减轻了肥大细胞的浸润,降低了免疫球蛋白E、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和干扰素-γ的含量(P<0.05)。芽孢杆菌DU-106裂解物可能是通过抑制NF-κB信号通路中TNF-α、IKKα和NF-κB基因表达水平和蛋白磷酸化而实现抗特应性皮炎效果。【结论】芽孢杆菌DU-106裂解物可作为一种后生元,对特应性皮炎具有积极的治疗作用。