磁场的生物学效应及其机理的研究

本就不同参数的磁场的生物学效应研究进行了综述,总结了磁场对生命体整体、组织、器官、细胞直至生物大分子层面上的研究成果,并结合实验结果对磁场生物学效应的可能物理机制进行了初步探讨,并对磁场生物学效应的研究前景进行了展望。     

不同类型磁场对细胞作用的生物学研究

本文就不同参数的磁场的细胞生物学效应研究进行了综述 ,总结了不同类型不同物理参数的磁场对细胞生物学效应的研究成果 ,结合实验结果对磁场生物学效应的可能物理机制进行了初步探讨 ,并对磁场的细胞生物学效应的研究前景进行了展望。     

不同类型磁场对细胞作用的生物学研究

本文就不同参数的磁场的细胞生物学效应研究进行了综述,总结了不同类型不同物理参数的磁场对细胞生物学效应的研究成果,结合实验结果对磁场生物学效应的可能物理机制进行了初步探讨,并对磁场的细胞生物学效应的研究前景进行了展望。     

磁场对免疫细胞的生物学效应与作用机制

磁场作为重要的物理因素是如何影响生物体的,而生物体又是如何响应磁场并产生广泛的生物学效应的,这是学术界关注多年的基本科学问题之一。近几年来,随着磁感应蛋白的发现,磁生物学成为国际前沿热点研究,并由此将引发一系列基于磁感应机制的由磁场来操控生物大分子乃至细胞行为、动物行为的各种应用。免疫细胞已被报道能够响应磁场并在磁场作用下改变细胞行为,但其作用机制并不十分清楚。该综述将简要介绍磁场对免疫细胞的生物学效应,并对磁感应机制研究现状进行总结和分析。深入了解磁场对免疫细胞的生物学效应和可能机制,一方面将有可能在细胞水平发现磁感应机制的新线索,另一方面有可能发掘用物理的手段来改变免疫细胞行为的新方法,探索新的免疫治疗途径。     

磁生物学效应的研究进展

磁场作用于生物体后产生一系列的生物学效应,这种观点已被多年来的许多实验所证实。早在1896年,磁场对神经系统作用的研究就已被报道。后来,磁场抗炎,促进骨生成,促进血管神经再生等作用相继被发现。近几十年来,关于磁场对生物体的作用,从流行病学调查到实验室研究也都有了一定进展。如今,磁场的生物学效应研究已成为物理医学研究的热点。本文就近年来磁场生物学效应研究的热点与进展作一简要综述。     

磁场对微循环影响的研究进展

磁场的生物学效应是磁场和生物体两者共同作用的结果,是与两者的参数密切相关的.磁场参数包括磁场类型,场强大小,作用时间等,这些参数是影响磁场生物学效应的主要因素.磁生物学是研究不同的外加磁场对不同种类和不同层次生物结构单元的生物学效应及其作用机制的科学.电磁场对生物膜的离子转运能力的影响会导致机体一些生化和生理过程的变化,从而影响与生物电活动相关的各种过程.本文概述了近年磁场对微循环影响的研究成果.     

磁场的细胞生物学效应不统一之现状分析

随着无线电通讯设备和家用电器的日益普及,磁场对生物体健康的影响越来越受到人们的关注。目前,已有一些磁场对细胞影响的初步探索,但是由于现有研究中各种细胞的差异、磁场参数的不同,影响了人们对磁场的细胞生物学效应的正确认识。该文将系统比较目前此领域的研究成果,分别从磁场类型和强度、细胞种类及密度等方面来阐明磁场对细胞增殖的影响,并且通过分析磁场对细胞信号通路的影响来探究磁场生物学效应的潜在机制。该文旨在对现有的结论进行总结分析并且找到存在差异和矛盾的原因,从而为该领域的深层次探讨提供线索,为进一步在基础和临床研究中探究磁场生物学效应提供可借鉴的依据。     

磁场对海洋微藻生长的影响

国内外学者对磁场生物效应进行了广泛深入地研究, 并且已在农业、生物学、医学等领域得到应用. 磁场生物效应对海洋微藻生长的影响未见报道. 我们的实验仅仅是初步工作.     

磁场与辐照联合的生物学效应

利用辐照的放射治疗(放疗)是临床治疗肿瘤的主要方法之一。近年来,随着磁共振成像引导放疗以及多方法联合治疗的逐渐推广,磁场与辐照联合对人体的影响逐渐引起了人们的关注。大量研究表明,磁场会对辐照效应产生一定的影响,但目前并没有统一的结论。本文系统比较并分析了多种参数的磁场与辐照联合所产生的生物学效应,发现其结果不一致性与研究对象、磁场参数(包括磁场强度、方向、处理时间等)和辐照剂量等都有关。虽然目前对相关机制的探索并不多,但已有证据表明,磁场可能通过影响细胞周期和凋亡相关信号转导通路、DNA损伤修复以及线粒体功能等影响辐照效应。这不仅有助于我们深入了解磁场与辐照联合的生物学效应,并且可能为未来磁场与放疗联用在肿瘤治疗中的参数优化设计提供依据。     

中等强度极低频旋转磁场的生物学效应

随着现代科技的发展,人们所接触的磁场越来越多,因此,磁场对人体所产生的影响也受到了公众的日益关注。虽然目前人们对于手机和高压输电线等所产生的射频和工频磁场对人体的影响还没有确凿的结论,但是大量的研究发现,中等强度的稳态磁场以及基于永磁铁的极低频旋转磁场(旋磁)对人体细胞和实验动物等并无危害,甚至可能会对人体产生一些有益的影响。该综述将简要介绍稳态磁场的生物学效应,并重点介绍基于永磁铁的20 Hz以下中等强度极低频旋转磁场(中强低频旋磁)所产生的生物学效应。中强低频旋磁相关的生物学研究虽然目前尚处于起步阶段,但已显示出潜在的治疗前景。     

0．23T稳恒磁场对不同温度离体过氧化氢酶的磁效应研究

研究了 0 .2 3T稳恒磁场对不同温度下的离体牛肝过氧化氢酶 (CAT)构象及活力的影响 ,并从分子水平讨论了磁场对不同温度的过氧化氢酶产生不同生物学效应的可能机制。将不同温度的天然酶液置于磁感应强度为0 .2 3T的磁场中分别处理一定的时间 ,处理过程中保持环境温度与酶液温度一致 ,撤离磁场后立即在相同实验条件下对其进行光谱分析及量热分析 ,并用Beers&Sizers法 (改良型 )测定酶活力。结果表明 ,磁场使 2 5℃过氧化氢酶的构象发生明显变化 ,表现为荧光偏振度增加、出现明显的差示扫描量热曲线、产生λ2 10nm～ 310nm的紫外差光谱以及λ330nm荧光发射峰的荧光强度改变 (荧光发射峰的峰位未移动 ) ,构象变化的同时酶活力增加 ;15℃过氧化氢酶的构象及活力变化规律与 2 5℃过氧化氢酶类似 ,但强度均弱于 2 5℃酶 ;而 4℃过氧化氢酶的构象及活力没有发生变化 ,表现出未受磁场处理的影响。相同实验条件下 ,磁场对不同温度的酶分子影响不同 ,随温度的增加 ,影响效应趋于显著。由于不同温度的酶分子之间的差异在于构象状态的不同 ,这表明酶分子自身的构象状态对磁场处理效果有极其重要的影响。不同温度的过氧化氢酶磁效应差异显著可能是由磁致酶构象变化的特殊机制所引起。磁场对酶分子构象的影响可能是通     

Notes on magnetic actions upon the nervous system

Several physical effects (magnetomotive force on ions, magnetic induction of electrical field, magnetic changes of inductance) are quantitatively analyzed in an attempt to attain an insight on how externally applied static magnetic fields influence the activity of the neuron and the Nervous System as a whole or in part. The possible magnetic action on shifting excited zones of the axon appears as most promising for prediction and interpretation of measurable effects. Magnetic fields may modify nervous functions by multiplication and addition of very small biophysical effects.     

Magnetic field effects on the fluorescence of mutant strains of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata

The magnetic field effects on bacteriochlorophyll fluorescence in six strains of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata were investigated. All strains exhibit an increase in fluorescence upon application of a magnetic field. Large magnetic field effects are shown to arise in mutants which contain the B800–850 complex as the only bacteriochlorophyll-containing protein. These fluorescence increases are observed only with carotenoid excitation and are best described by a carotenoid singlet heterofission mechanism. Variations in the magnitudes of the magnetic field effects for the Rps. capsulata strain arise from energy differences in the excited states of the molecules involved in the process. In order to determine the contribution from reaction centers to the magnetic field effects observed in the mutants which contain all three pigment-protein complexes, reaction centers were isolated from these strains. The reaction center contribution to the magnetic field effect on fluorescence in whole cells was determined to be smaller than the antenna contribution when carotenoid excitation was employed.     

Apparent biological effect of strong magnetic field on mosquito egg hatching

Apparent biological effects of strong magnetic fields were observed in the hatching behavior of fresh mosquito eggs in the center of 9.4 and 14.1 T magnets. In the first experiment performed at 20 +/- 1 degrees C, the hatching was delayed 32 h by a 9.4 T magnetic field and 71 h by a 14.1 T magnetic field. In the second experiment performed at 22 +/- 1 degrees C, the hatching was delayed 14 h by a 9.4 T magnetic field and 27 h by a 14.1 T magnetic field. In the magnetic field range of this study, the hatching delay increases nonlinearly with the intensity of the magnetic field. The experimental results also suggest that the biological effects of magnetic fields could be reversible or partially reversible to some extent.     

Paramagnetic artifact and safety criteria for human brain mapping

Biological effects of magnetic field and their safety criteria, especially effects of gradient magnetic field on the cerebral and pulmonary circulation during functional brain mapping are still unclear. Here we estimated that magnetically induced artifacts for the blood oxygenation level- and flow- based functional magnetic resonance imaging are less than 0.1%, and disturbance in the pulmonary circulation is less than 1.3% even if the field strength of magnetic resonance system is risen up to 10 tesla. These paramagnetic effects are considered to be small and harmless during human brain mapping.     

Effect of weak and superweak magnetic fields on intensity and asexual reproduction of the planarian Dugesia tigrina

It was shown that the exposure to combined weak and extraweak magnetic fields (permanent component 42 microT; variable component of an amplitude of 100 nT, frequency 1-60 Hz) increases the intensity of asexual propagation of planarians Dugesia tigrina. The effect of combined magnetic fields is most pronounced at frequencies of 1, 3.7, and 32 Hz. The presence of concomitant technogeneous fields (50 Hz, 30 nT) does not markedly influence the effects of weak magnetic fields with a small variable component. Upon realization of effects of weak magnetic fields, their both components are of great importance; the absence of one (permanent) component changes the sing of the effect to the opposite. The transfer of the effect to planarians through water pretreated with magnetic fields probably indicates that aqueous medium is involved in the realization of biological effects of weak magnetic fields.     

Effect of a model of the H-component of a typical magnetic storm on early ontogenesis in Daphnia magna Straus

The effect of a model of the H-component of a typical magnetic storm on the early ontogenesis of Daphnia magna Straus at 21 and 23 degrees C has been studied. It was shown based on the rates of the early ontogenesis that the effects of the model magnetic storm from the sudden onset of the storm to its end differ from the effects of the model magnetic storm from the recovery phase to the end of the storm. The effects of the model magnetic storm depended on temperature. The action of the model magnetic storm from the sudden onset of the storm to its end led to changes in the body length in the first progeny broods.     

A newly designed and constructed 20 kHz magnetic field exposure facility for in vivo study

Exposure to man-made electromagnetic fields has increased over the past century. As a result of exposure to these fields, concerns have been raised regarding the relationship between electromagnetic fields and human health. Interest in the biological and health effects of intermediate frequency (IF) magnetic fields has grown recently because of the increase in public concern. In order to investigate whether IF magnetic fields have biological effects, we have developed a 20 kHz (IF) magnetic field exposure system for in vivo studies. The exposure facility was designed to study the biological effects of IF magnetic field on laboratory animals. The facility consists of a 9 m x 9 m x 5 m high room containing seven separate rooms including a 5.3 m x 4.5 m x 3 m high specific-pathogen free exposure room. The dimensions of the exposure system are 1.6 m x 1.6 m x 1.616 m high located inside this exposure room. The system is designed to provide magnetic fields up to 200 microT at 20 kHz with the uniformity within +/-5% over the space occupied by animals. After constructing the facility, performance tests were carried out. As a result, it was confirmed that our facility met requirements for evaluation of the biological effects of IF magnetic field on small animal experiments. In this paper, the design, construction, and results of evaluation of an animal exposure facility for the in vivo biological effects of an IF magnetic field are described.     

0.2 T magnetic field inhibits angiogenesis in chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane

Inhibition of angiogenesis is a major target in the fight against cancer and other diseases. Although the effects of static magnetic fields on cancer development and cell growth have been investigated, effects on angiogenesis have received no attention so far. In this study we report the effects on angiogenesis of exposure to 0.2 T static magnetic field. Angiogenesis was analyzed using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay. Exposure to 0.2 T static magnetic field was achieved by placing the eggs for 3 hr in the isocentre of the magnet of a sectorial magnetic resonance tomograph used in clinical practice. In sham exposed specimens treated with phosphate buffered saline (negative control), no significant vascular reaction was detectable; 3 hr exposure to 0.2 T static magnetic field did not affect the basal pattern of vascularization or chick embryo viability. Prostaglandin E1 and fetal calf serum elicited a strong angiogenic response in sham exposed eggs. This angiogenic response was significantly inhibited by 3 hr exposure to 0.2 T static magnetic field. These findings point to possible use of static magnetic field in inhibiting angiogenesis; this effect could be exploited for treatment of cancer and other diseases where excessive angiogenesis is involved.     

Differential magnetic field effects on heart rate and nociception in anosmic pigeons

Several studies have shown that exposure to altered magnetic fields affects nociception by suppressing stress‐induced hypoalgesia, and that this effect is reduced or abolished if the treatment is performed in the absence of light. This raises the question as to whether other sources of sensory stimuli may also modulate these magnetic effects. We investigated the possible role of olfaction in the magnetically induced effects on sensitivity to nociceptive stimuli and heart rate (HR) in restraint‐stressed homing pigeons exposed to an Earth‐strength, irregularly varying (<1 Hz) magnetic field. The magnetic treatment decreased the nociceptive threshold in normally smelling birds and an opposite effect was observed in birds made anosmic by nostril plugging. Conversely, no differential effect of olfactory deprivation was observed on HR, which was reduced by the magnetic treatment both in smelling and anosmic pigeons. The findings highlight an important role of olfactory environmental information in the mediation of magnetic effects on nociception, although the data cannot be interpreted unambiguously because of the lack of an additional control group of olfactory‐deprived, non‐magnetically exposed pigeons. The differential effects on a pigeon's sensitivity to nociceptive stimulus and HR additionally indicate that the magnetic stimuli affect nociception and the cardiovascular system in different ways. Bioelectromagnetics 33:309–319, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.