The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

Relations of Bromine,Iron, Rubidium,Strontium, and Zinc Content to Morphometric Parameters in Pediatric and Nonhyperplastic Young Adult Prostate Glands

The variation with age of the Br, Fe, Rb, Sr, and Zn mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by an energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values?±?standard error of the mean (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet-mass basis) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Br—10.5?±?1.3, Fe—28.6?±?4.1, Rb—3.05?±?0.27, Sr—0.42?±?0.08, and Zn—32.9?±?3.2. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Br—5.60?±?0.57, Fe—19.3?±?1.6, Rb—3.50?±?0.28, Sr—0.24?±?0.03, and Zn—113?±?10. Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium, and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4?±?2.6, 20.4?±?1.7, and 4.45?±?0.94, respectively, versus 46.5?±?2.5, 38.5?±?1.9, and 14.9?±?1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. A significant positive correlation between the prostatic Zn and percent volume of both glandular epithelium (r?=?0.573, p?≤?0.001) and glandular lumen (r?=?0.725, p?≤?0.001) was found. For the first time, it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Zn accumulation, and that the stroma is a main pool of Br and Fe accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 14 to 30 years. It was concluded that the Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

Mass Fractions of 52 Trace Elements and Zinc/Trace Element Content Ratios in Intact Human Prostates Investigated by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Contents of 52 trace elements in intact prostate of 64 apparently healthy 13?C60-year-old men (mean age 36.5?years) were investigated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Mean values (M ± S????) for mass fraction (in milligrams per kilogram, on dry-weight basis) of trace elements were as follows: Ag 0.041?±?0.005, Al 36?±?4, Au 0.0039?±?0.0007, B 0.97?±?0.13, Be 0.00099?±?0.00006, Bi 0.021?±?0.008, Br 29?±?3, Cd 0.78?±?0.09, Ce 0.028?±?0.004, Co 0.035?±?0.003, Cs 0.034?±?0.003, Dy 0.0031?±?0.0005, Er 0.0018?±?0.0004, Gd 0.0030?±?0.0005, Hg 0.046?±?0.006, Ho 0.00056?±?0.00008, La 0.074?±?0.015, Li 0.040?±?0.004, Mn 1.53?±?0.09, Mo 0.30?±?0.03, Nb 0.0051?±?0.0009, Nd 0.013?±?0.002, Ni 4.3?±?0.7, Pb 1.8?±?0.4, Pr 0.0033?±?0.0004, Rb 15.9?±?0.6, Sb 0.040?±?0.005, Se 0.73?±?0.03, Sm 0.0027?±?0.0004, Sn 0.25?±?0.05, Tb 0.00043?±?0.00009, Th 0.0024?±?0.0005, Tl 0.0014?±?0.0001, Tm 0.00030?±?0.00006, U 0.0049?±?0.0014, Y 0.019?±?0.003, Yb 0.0015?±?0.0002, Zn 782?±?97, and Zr 0.044?±?0.009, respectively. The upper limit of mean contents of As, Cr, Eu, Ga, Hf, Ir, Lu, Pd, Pt, Re, Ta, and Ti were the following: As ??0.018, Cr ??0.64, Eu ??0.0006, Ga ??0.08, Hf ??0.02, Ir ??0.0004, Lu ??0.00028, Pd ??0.007, Pt ??0.0009, Re ??0.0015, Ta ??0.005, and Ti ??2.6. In all prostate samples, the content of Te was under detection limit (<0.003). Additionally, ratios of the Zn content to other trace element contents as well as correlations between Zn and trace elements were calculated. Our data indicate that the human prostate accumulates such trace elements as Al, Au, B, Br, Cd, Cr, Ga, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, U, and Zn. No special relationship between Zn and other trace elements was found.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on 59 Trace-Element Contents in Human Rib Bone Investigated by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

The effect of age and gender on 59 trace-element contents in rib bone of 80 apparently healthy 15–55-year-old women (n?=?38) and men (n?=?42) was investigated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction (milligrams per kilogram, on dry-weight basis) of Ba, Bi, Cd, Ce, Cu, Dy, Er, Gd, La, Li, Mn, Mo, Nd, Pb, Pr, Rb, Sm, Sr, Tb, Tl, U, Yb, and Zn for both female and male taken together were: Ba 2.5?±?0.2, Bi 0.015?±?0.002, Cd 0.044?±?0.005, Ce 0.029?±?0.002, Cu 1.05?±?0.06, Dy 0.0020?±?0.0003, Er 0.0011?±?0.0002, Gd 0.0015?±?0.0001, La 0.020?±?0.002, Li 0.040?±?0.002, Mn 0.354?±?0.004, Mo 0.052?±?0.006, Nd 0.011?±?0.001, Pb 2.24?±?0.14, Pr 0.0032?±?0.0004, Rb 1.51?±?0.06, Sm 0.0014?±?0.0001, Sr 291?±?20, Tb 0.00041?±?0.00005, Tl 0.00050?±?0.00003, U 0.0013?±?0.0001, Yb 0.00072?±?0.00007, and Zn 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limit of mean contents of Ag, Al, B, Be, Br, Cr, Cs, Hg, Ho, Lu, Ni, Sb, Te, Th, Ti, Tm, and Y were: Ag?≤?0.011, Al?≤?7.2, B?≤?0.65, Be?≤?0.0032, Br?≤?3.9, Cr?≤?0.25, Cs?≤?0.0077, Hg?≤?0.018, Ho?≤?0.00053, Lu?≤?0.00024, Ni?≤?1.05, Sb?≤?0.0096, Te?≤?0.0057, Th?≤?0.0030, Ti?≤?2.8, Tm?≤?0.00006, and Y?≤?0.0047, respectively. In all bone samples, the contents of As, Au, Co, Eu, Ga, Hf, Ir, Nb, Pd, Pt, Re, Rh, Sc, Se, Sn, Ta, V, W, and Zr were under detection limits. The Ce, Dy, Er, Gd, La, Nd, Pr, Sm, Tb, and Yb contents increase with age. Higher Sr mass fraction is typical of female rib as compared to those in male bone.     

The Effect of Age on 12 Chemical Element Contents in the Intact Prostate of Adult Men Investigated by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

The effect of age on 12 chemical element contents in intact prostate of 64 apparently healthy, 13-60-year-old men (mean age 36.5 years) was investigated by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) for mass fraction (milligrams/kilogram, on dry weight basis) of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn were: Ba 1.18 ± 0.12, Ca 2,178 ± 160, Cu 10.7 ± 0.9, Fe 122 ± 5, K 12,530 ± 360, Mg 1,100 ± 70, Na 10,470 ± 320, P 7,580 ± 300, S 8,720 ± 180, Sr 1.85 ± 0.28, and Zn 782 ± 97, respectively. The upper limit of mean content of V was ≤0.22 mg/kg. A tendency of age-related increase in Ca, Fe, Na, and Zn mass fraction as well an increase in Zn/Ba, Zn/Ca, Zn/Cu, Zn/Fe, Zn/K, Zn/Mg, Zn/Na, Zn/P, Zn/S, and Zn/Sr ratios in prostate was observed. A significant positive correlation was seen between the prostatic zinc and Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Na, and P contents.     

Variations in essential and non-essential element composition and yield of silage corn fertilized with sulfur

Abstract

The effect of sulfur fertilization on the silage yield and essential and non-essential element composition of silage corn was investigated at the Experimental Field of Research and Experiment Station of the Ankara University during the years 2002 and 2003. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with five replications. Sulfur was applied at 1000 (S₁) and 1500 (S₂) kg ha^?1 as gypsum. Element concentration of the plants was measured by polarized energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (PEDXRF). Sulfur fertilization increased S concentrations and improved silage corn yield for both years. Applied S reduced P and Mo concentrations, increased Fe and Mn concentrations, and had no significant effect on the K, Ca, Mg, Zn and Cl concentrations of silage corn. Non-essential element composition of silage corn was also influenced by S fertilization. Applied S significantly increased Sr and Pb, reduced Si, Ba and U, while had no effect on Na, Ti, Ni, Br and Rb concentrations of silage corn. In the current work, essential and non-essential element concentrations of silage corn in 2002 and 2003 years under our experimental conditions were as follows; 1.58–1.89 S, 1.07–1.046 P, 14.3–15.9 K, 8.35–9.20 Ca, 3.34–4.28 Mg, 0.26–0.53 Na, 1.36–2.46 Cl, 38.4–42.1 Si as g kg^?1, and 2.06–3.13 Mo, 140–144 Fe, 6.08–17.69 Zn, 104–116 Mn, 9.37–12.2 Cu, 23.9–22.6 Ti, 2.10–2.31 Ni, 6.54–6.71 Br, 7.04–8.74 Rb, 94.8–118.8 Sr, 24.0–31.51 Ba, 1.20–2.22 Pb and 3.17–4.07 U as mg kg^?1.     

The effect of age and gender on 38 chemical element contents in human iliac crest investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis

ProjectTo understand the role of major, minor, and trace elements in the etiology of bone diseases including osteoporosis, it is necessary to determine the normal levels and age-related changes of bone chemical elements.ProcedureThe effect of age and gender on 38 chemical element contents in intact iliac crest of 84 apparently healthy 15–55 years old women (n=38) and men (n=46) was investigated by neutron activation analysis.ResultsMean values (M±SEM) for mass fraction (on dry weight basis) of Ca, Cl, Co, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Sr, and Zn for both female and male taken together were Ca – 169±3 g/kg, Cl – 1490±43 mg/kg, Co – 0.0073±0.0024 mg/kg, Fe – 177±24 mg/kg, K – 1820±79 mg/kg, Mg – 1840±48 mg/kg, Mn – 0.316±0.013 mg/kg, Na – 4970±87 mg/kg, P – 79.7±1.5 g/kg, Rb – 1.89±0.22 mg/kg, Sr – 312±15 mg/kg, and Zn – 65.9±3.4 mg/kg, respectively. The upper limit of mean contents of Cs, Eu, Hg, Sb, Sc, and Se were Cs≤0.09 mg/kg, Eu≤0.005 mg/kg, Hg≤0.005 mg/kg, Sb≤0.004 mg/kg, Sc≤0.001 mg/kg, and Se≤0.1 mg/kg, respectively. In all bone samples the contents of Ag, As, Au, Ba, Br, Cd, Ce, Cr, Gd, Hf, La, Lu, Nd, Sm, Ta, Tb, Th, U, Yb, and Zr were under detection limits.ConclusionsThe Ca, Mg, and P contents decrease with age, regardless of gender. Higher Ca, Mg, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content are typical of female iliac crest as compared to those in male bone.     

Effects of adrenalectomy and of adrenal hormones on the tissue distribution of 14 elements in the rat

The effects of adrenalectomy (ADY) and of replacement therapy using a mineralocorticoid, deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and a glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DEX) on the tissue distribution of elements in the rat, were studied under semichronic conditions. The elements, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, S, P, Rb, Sr, Mn, Cu, and Zn were determined in whole blood, plasma, brain liver, kidney, heart, skeletal muscle, spleen, thymus, and bone. Additionally Mo was determined in kidney and liver and Ba in bone. ADY modified concentrations of all elements tested. Small changes were observed for K, Mg, Ca, S, and P, whereas much larger changes were noted for Na, Rb, and Sr. Cu, Zn, and Fe were mainly modified in liver and kidney, organs involved in storage and/or elimination. The consequences of ADY were corrected fairly well by DEX for Mg, Mn, Ca, Cu, and Mo; by DOC for Na and K, and by the two corticoids for Zn, Fe, Sr, and Rb. This study revealed that corticoids, mainly glucocorticoids, play an important role in the plasma and tissue balance of elements. It is suggested that these results may have a pathological and clinical significance.     

Variation of Trace Elements Contents in Asparagus racemosus (Willd)

The present study was carried out to determine the accumulation and variation of trace elements in roots and leaves of Asparagus racemosus collected from four different altitudes in Uttarakhand, India, by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The metals investigated were Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Co, Na, K, Ca, and Li. The concentration level of Fe was found to be highest at an altitude of 2,250 m, whereas the level of Cu was lowest. The maximum concentrations of Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Co, Na, K, Ca, and Li were found to be 165.0?±?3.2, 34.0?±?0.5, 84.0?±?0.7, 2,040.0?±?0.3, 122.0?±?1.5, 745.0?±?0.3, 13,260.0?±?3.5, 6,153.0?±?1.6, and 58.0?±?3.8 mg/kg, respectively.     

Accumulation of Minerals by Leccinum scabrum from Two Large Forested Areas in Central Europe: Notecka Wilderness and Tuchola Forest (Pinewoods)

Leccinum scabrum sporocarps and associated topsoils from two areas in Poland have been characterized for contents and bioconcentration potential of Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sr and Zn. Topsoil and fruitbody element composition varied between the two study sites, most likely as a result of local soil geochemistry. Element content of the labile fraction in topsoil from both sites followed the ‘pseudo‐total’ fraction and median values (mg kg^?1 dry matter) were: K 380 and 340, Mg 760 and 840, P 1100 and 920, Al 3800 and 8100, Ag 0.31 and 0.28, Ba 28 and 37, Ca 920 and 790, Cd 0.23 and 0.23, Co 2.0 and 1.7, Cu 3.2 and 3.6, Fe 2800 and 6300, Mn 280 and 180, Na 99 and 110, Ni 7.8 and 8.8, Pb 12 and 18, Rb 1.3 and 2.1, Sr 4.8 and 4.0 and Zn 22 and 19, respectively. Only for some elements such as K, Mg, Al, Ag, Ca, Co, Mn, Na, Ni, Sr and Zn we found concentration differences between the two study sites for the caps of sporocarps. With the exception of Al, Mn, Na and Pb, stipes showed a similar tendency. Caps had a higher concentration of K, Rb, P, Mg, Al, Ag, Cu, Fe, Zn, Cd, Pb and Ni compared to stipes, while Na, Ba and Sr contents were higher in stipes. The comparison of soil and fruitbody concentrations indicates that L. scabrum bioconcentrate some elements while others are bioexcluded.     

The Prediction of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Mortality Based on Soil Element Levels in China

The relationship between the mortality of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and soil trace elements of 29 regions of China was investigated. A total of 29 elements (i.e., Mn, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Hg, Pb, Se, In, Yb, Lu, Th, U, Sn, Ti, Zr, Hf, Bi, Ta, Te, Br, I, As, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Zn) were considered. A hybrid strategy called genetic algorithm-partial least squares was used to screen out important elements. As a result, only six elements, i.e., Mn, Ti, Mg, K, Na, and I, were picked out, based on which, a PLS model containing two latent variables exhibited the best performance. According to whether the mortality is larger than 2/100,000 (2?×?10^?5), all the 29 regions were divided into the low-mortality group with 23 regions and the high-mortality group with six regions. Based on the optimal PLS model, all high-mortality regions were successfully classified while only two low-mortality regions were misclassified, i.e., an accuracy of 93%, implying that the selected six elements are effective and successful for predicting the NPC mortality of a region.     

Concentrations of nutritional and trace elements in needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) as functions of the needle age class

The endogenous concentrations of the essential elements Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, N, P and Zn, and of the nonessential elements Al, As, Ba, Br, Co, Cr, Cs, Hg, I, La, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Si and Sr were determined in 5 successive needle age classes. 40 mature spruce trees from 6 different sites were investigated individually. A given element usually shows smooth changes with the needle age class t. Trees on a given site usually have a similar dynamic behaviour. The same holds for the different site means. The concentrations can be approximated by functions c=f(t). Three different types of functions are required to describe the dynamic behaviour of 3 groups of elements that increase with t, and one for the elements that decrease with t. A given element usually can be described by the same type of function at all sites, even if its concentration differs widely. Exceptions are Mn, Co and Zn, which change from a decreasing function at low concentrations to an increasing function at high concentrations. Further irregulatities are found at some sites with Ca, Sr and Ba. These findings are corroborated by a multivariate statistical analysis.     

Optimization of parameters for semiempirical methods IV: extension of MNDO,AM1, and PM3 to more main group elements

The NDDO semiempirical methods MNDO, AM1, and PM3 have been extended to all the remaining non-radioactive elements of the main group, excluding the noble gases. Most of the new elements are of Groups I and II. 44 sets of parameters are presented for the following methods and elements. MNDO: Na, Mg, K, Ca, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, In, Sb, Te, Cs, Ba, Tl, and Bi; AM1: Li, Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, In, Sn, Sb, Te, Cs, Ba, Tl, Pb, and Bi; PM3: B, Na, K, Ca, Rb, Sr, Cs, and Ba. Average errors are presented for heats of formation, molecular geometries, etc.     

Elemental distribution in tissue components of N2-fixing nodules of Psoralea pinnata plants growing naturally in wetland and upland conditions in the Cape Fynbos of South Africa

There is little information on in situ distribution of nutrient elements in N₂-fixing nodules. The aim of this study was to quantify elemental distribution in tissue components of N₂-fixing nodules harvested from Psoralea pinnata plants grown naturally in wetland and upland conditions in the Cape Fynbos. The data obtained from particle-induced X-ray emission revealed the occurrence of 20 elements (Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo and Ba) in nodule components. Although, in upland plants, the concentrations of S, Fe, Si, Mn and Cu showed a steady increase from the middle cortex to the medulla region of P. pinnata nodules, in wetland plants, only S, Fe and Mn showed an increase in concentration from the middle cortex to the bacteria-infected medulla of P. pinnata nodules. By contrast, the concentrations of Cl, K, Ca, Zn and Sr decreased from middle cortex to nodule medulla. The alkaline earth, alkali and transition elements Rb, Sr, Y and Zr, never before reported in N₂-fixing nodules, were found to occur in root nodules of P. pinnata plants grown in both wetland and upland conditions.     

Concentrations of trace elements in osteoarthritic knee-joint effusions

Concentrations of the 18 elements, barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), calcium (Ca), cadmium (Cd), cesium (Cs), copper (Cu), lanthanum (La), lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), molybdenum (Mo), lead (Pb), rubidium (Rb), antimony (Sb), tin (Sn), strontium (Sr), thallium (Tl), and zinc (Zn), were determined in the synovial fluids of osteoarthritic knee joints and in the corresponding sera of 16 patients by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Knee-joint effusions have lower elemental concentrations than their corresponding sera. For the essential elements Ca, Cu, Mg, and Zn and for the nonessential and toxic elements Ba, Be, Bi, La, and Sb, this difference was highly significant. Strong positive correlations between concentrations in effusions and sera for the essential elements Cu and Mg and for the nonessential elements Cs, Li, Rb, and Sr could be established. The grade of localized hyperperfusion of the knee region in the blood pool phase of ^99mTc HDP bone scan indicating inflammation did not correlate with any elemental concentration determined. Deceased.     

Major and trace element concentrations in needles ofPicea abies: levels,distribution functions,correlations and environmental influences

Summary Eighteen major and trace elements (Al, As, Ba, Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Sb, Sc, Sr, V, Zn) have been determined in needles ofPicea abies by neutron activation analysis. Trees from 31 sites with different characteristics were investigated. The sampled area was 140 km² and centered around the city of Winterthur, Switzerland.The effect of washing the needles before analysis was investigated. Washing was found to be essential for a meaningful determination of most elements. The values of the individual elements could be approximated by normal or by lognormal distributions. The width of these distributions varies greatly, being 14% for Cu and a factor of 5 for Mn. Many elements show highly significant positive or negative correlations.Whereas the levels of the major elements as determined here are in the generally accepted range, the values for most of the minor elements show very poor correspondence with published values. For some elements the present data seem to be the only available values. Distinct environmental influences were only manifest for Na, Cl, Br, and these elements show very high values at sites bordering highways.     

西北太平洋柔鱼耳石微量元素

耳石是头足类重要的硬组织之一,其微化学被用于头足类生活史的重建、群体划分等渔业生态学领域.本文根据我国鱿钓船2007年在西北太平洋海域生产期间采集的柔鱼样本,利用激光剥蚀电感等离子质谱法(laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, LA-ICP-MS)分析了18枚柔鱼耳石的微量元素组成及其分布特性.结果表明： 柔鱼耳石主要由55种元素组成,含量最多的前10位元素分别为钙(Ca)、锶(Sr)、钠(Na)、磷(P)、钾(K)、硅(Si)、镁(Mg)、硼(B)、铁(Fe)和钡(Ba).方差分析表明,不同性别间柔鱼的Ca、Sr、Na、K、Mg、Fe、Ba的含量不存在显著性差异,但P、Si和B含量差异性明显;不同孵化期的群体间Sr和Na含量存在显著性差异,Ca、P、K、Si、Mg、B、Fe和Ba不存在显著性差异;不同耳石部位的Ca、Sr、Na、P、Mg和Ba含量存在显著性差异,而K、Fe、B和Si则不存在显著性差异.研究表明微量元素Sr和Na比较适合用于研究柔鱼的群体划分、洄游史推测等渔业生态学.
     

中国南海西沙群岛海域鸢乌贼耳石元素组成

耳石是头足类重要的硬组织,其微化学被广泛用于头足类生活史的重建、群体划分等研究领域.本文根据中国灯光罩网渔船于2017年5—8月在中国南海西沙群岛海域采集的鸢乌贼样本,利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱法(LA-ICP-MS)分析了20枚鸢乌贼耳石的元素组成及其分布特性.结果表明: 西沙群岛海域鸢乌贼耳石主要由55种元素组成,含量最多的前10种元素分别为钙(Ca)、锶(Sr)、钠(Na)、磷(P)、硅(Si)、镁(Mg)、钾(K)、硼(B)、 铁(Fe)和钡(Ba).方差分析表明,不同性别间Ca、Sr、Na、P、Si、Mg、K、Fe、Ba和B的分布均不存在显著性差异;不同孵化群体间Ca、P、B、Fe和Ba的分布也不存在显著性差异,而Si、Sr、Mg、Na和K则差异显著;不同耳石部位间除了Ca和Fe的分布不存在群体间差异外,Sr、Na、P、K、Si、Mg、B、和Ba均存在显著性差异.表明Sr、Na、K 和 Mg可能比较适合用于鸢乌贼群体划分和生活史研究.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on 37 Chemical Element Contents in Scalp Hair of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on minor and trace element contents in the scalp hair of 80 relatively healthy 15- to 55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 37 chemical elements in the scalp hair were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ag, Au, Ba, Br, Ca, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Eu, Fe, Hf, Hg, I, K, La, Lu, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sr, Th, and Zn (milligrams per kilogram of dry hair) were 0.191 ± 0.018, 0.0102 ± 0.0014, 6.33 ± 0.68, 3.59 ± 0.26, 1320 ± 110, 0.369 ± 0.055, 1245 ± 133, 0.0707 ± 0.0054, 2.78 ± 0.22, 0.0082 ± 0.0021, 88.2 ± 6.7, 0.040 ± 0.012, 0.145 ± 0.009, 6.93 ± 1.05, 146 ± 14, 0.238 ± 0.025, 0.0030 ± 0.0007, 163 ± 17, 2.29 ± 0.30, 344 ± 31, 0.65 ± 0.10, 0.062 ± 0.005, 0.0100 ± 0.0012, 0.248 ± 0.008, 0.0090 ± 0.0010, 45.7 ± 3.5, 0.0168 ± 0.0019, and 154 ± 3, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Cd, Cs, Gd, Nd, Ta, Tb, Tm, and Yb were ≤0.17, ≤0.013, ≤0.104, ≤0.19, ≤0.011, ≤0.0048, ≤0.0057, and ≤0.0047, respectively. In all hair samples, the contents of As was under detection limits <0.01. The tendency for the Ce, La, and Th content to increase with age was found in the human hair, but statistically significant changes were shown for females only. The mass fraction of Rb in the male scalp hair increases and of Cl decreases with age. It was shown that higher Au, Ca, Mg, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Cl, Fe, I, Sc, Se, and Sm content were typical of female hair as compared to those in male hair.