中国薹草属二柱薹草亚属（莎草科）增补

报道了发现于新疆布尔津的一个中国新记录种——卵形薹草Carex leporina L.,提供了其形态描述和线描图。该种因具有雌雄顺序的小穗和鳞片状的苞片而与卵果薹草C. maackii Maxim.近缘,但花序较短、小穗较少而与后者不同。这两种植物隶属于薹草属二柱薹草亚属卵形薹草组subgen. Vignea sect. Ovales。     

中国薹草属黑穗薹草组的数量分类研究

对中国薹草属黑穗薹草组Sect.Racemosae及外类群冻原薹草组Sect.Frigidae共20种3变种采用38个形态特征进行了数量分类研究。聚类分析结果表明,黑穗薹草组应是一个自然分类群;支持了《中国植物志》将两对相似种：乌拉草（Carer meyeriana）与红原薹草（Carer hongyuanensis）、膨囊薹草（Carex lehmanii）与五台山薹草（Carex montis-wutaii）分别处理为种的观点。主成分分析结果表明,本组的分类特征较为稳定与集中,本组主成分分析散点图与聚类分析的分类结果大致吻合,并表明有关小坚果、果囊、鳞片、主茎叶和苞片的性状在本组的分类中起到了主要作用。     

中国莎草科一新记录种——菊芳薹草

报道了中国莎草科(Cyperaceae)薹草属一新记录种——菊芳薹草(Carex trongii K.K.Nguyen)。该种分布于我国广西与越南交界地区的石灰岩地区。菊芳薹草与宽叶薹草组(Carex sect.Siderostictae Ohwi)的种类在形态上近似,但以秆中生和果囊密被糙毛而易于区别。提供了菊芳薹草的形态描述和线条图。     

浙江薹草属（莎草科）一新种——近头状薹草

报道了浙江薹草属一新种,即近头状薹草Carex subcapitata X.F.Jin,C.Z.Zheng&B.Y.Ding。新种以秆侧生,叶片狭,小穗1-2个生于各节及小穗雄雌顺序,而与大舌薹草C.grandiligulata K kenth.相近,区别在于苞鞘无毛,小穗宽卵形,近头状,长5-7mm,具4-7 朵雌花,雌花鳞片近卵形,果囊的喙长1.5-2mm。     

莎草科薹草属黑穗薹草组的植物地理学讨论

根据黑穗薹草组植物的外部形态、细胞染色体特征与地理分布之间的关系,结合地质历史事件推测了黑穗薹草组Sect.Racemosae G.Don.的起源、进化和迁移等问题。推测黑穗薹草组可能在早第三纪的始新世起源于我国的喜马拉雅-横断山地区;可能的迁移路径为：由起源中心向北部迁移至欧洲、中亚、俄罗斯西伯利亚地区,并通过格陵兰岛和白令陆桥到达北美洲地区;经过第四纪冰川后,一些分布于北美洲的物种又通过白令陆桥回迁到亚洲东部的俄罗斯远东地区,最终形成该组植物的现代分布格局。     

中国广西薹草属(莎草科)一新种——大苗山薹草

描述了我国广西大苗山莎草科Cyperaceae一新种——大苗山薹草Carex damiaoshanensis X. F. Jin ＆ C. Z. Zheng。本种形态上与花葶薹草C. scaposa C. B. Clarke接近, 区别主要在秆、秆生叶和支花序轴均无毛, 支花序数较少, 小穗疏生雌花。对秆、支花序梗、秆生叶和小坚果扫描电镜观察也显示了这二者的区别。     

浙江薹草属植物新记录

在整理和鉴定浙江薹草属植物的过程中,发现了一些地理分布的新记录。其中包括10种、1亚种,即宽叶薹草组的大舌薹草(Carex grandiligulata Ktlkenth．),灰帽薹草组的横纹薹草(Carex rugata Ohwi)和豌豆形薹草(Carex pisiformis Boott),胀囊薹草组的朝鲜薹草(Carex dickinsii Franch．),瘦果薹草组的宝华山薹草(Carex baohuashanica Tanget Wang ex L．K．Dai),硬毛果薹草组的疏果薹草(Carex hebecarpa C．A．Mey．),菱果薹草组的高氏薹草(Carex kaoi Tang et Wang ex S．Y．Liang)、根花薹草(Carex radiciyTora Dunn)、遵义薹草(Carex zunyiensis Tanget Wang)、弯柄薹草(Carex manca Boott)和九华薹草(Carex manca Boott ssp．jiuhuaensis(S．W．Su)S．Y．Liang)。     

广西莎草科薹草属植物小志

薹草属(Carex L.)是广西物种多样性丰富的大属，目前记录的物种达100种，然而广西薹草属植物资源仍然不清楚，缺乏系统的调查与研究。该文基于馆藏薹草属植物标本鉴定，文献收集整理和野外调查等基础上，对广西薹草属植物的前期研究进行系统的梳理，对广西薹草属植物物种编目简况进行了概述；另外，广西薹草属植物特有性高，通过对16个模式标本采自广西的类群进行系统梳理，考证其模式产地准确性，补充分布信息，确定目前广西特有薹草属植物共8种；报道了广西薹草属植物8个新记录种，即禾状薹草(C.alopecuroides D. Don)、仲氏薹草(C.chungii Z. P. Wang)、糙毛囊薹草(C.hirtiutriculata L. K. Dai)、秆叶薹草(C.insignis Boott)、云雾薹草(C.nubigena D. Don)、仙台薹草(C.sendaica Franch.)、伴生薹草(C.sociata Boott)、横果薹草(C.transversa Boott),提供其形态特征集要与凭证标本照片，并对广西薹草属植物的多样性、特有性、地理分布以及资源潜在利用价值等进行了讨论，该...     

福建薹草(莎草科)的考证

在整理和鉴定浙闽薹草属Carex植物的过程中,发现福建薹草Cares fokienensis Dunn较早发表但并未被注意。通过文献查阅、模式标本研究和野外观察,认为闽清薹草C.minqingensis Z．P.Wang、九仙山薹草C jiuxiangshanensis L.K．Dai＆Y.Z．Huang、苍绿薹草C.pallideviridis K．L．Chv（裸名）在果囊和雌花鳞片等鉴别性特征上与福建薹草并没有区别,应该处理为福建薹草的异名。     

浙江薹草属植物新记录

在整理和鉴定浙江薹草属植物的过程中,发现了一些地理分布的新记录.其中包括10种、1亚种,即宽叶薹草组的大舌薹草(Carex grandiligulata Kükenth.),灰帽薹草组的横纹薹草(Carex rugata Ohwi)和豌豆形薹草(Carex pisiformis Boott),胀囊薹草组的朝鲜薹草(Carex dickinsii Franch.),瘦果薹草组的宝华山薹草(Carex baohuashanica Tang et Wang ex L. K. Dai),硬毛果薹草组的疏果薹草(Carex hebecarpa C. A. Mey.),菱果薹草组的高氏薹草(Carex kaoi Tang et Wang ex S. Y. Liang)、根花薹草(Carex radiciflora Dunn)、遵义薹草(Carex zunyiensis Tang et Wang)、弯柄薹草(Carex manca Boott)和九华薹草(Carex manca Boott ssp. jiuhuaensis (S. W. Su) S. Y. Liang).     

MORPHOLOGY,EVOLUTION, AND TAXONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF THE INFLORESCENCE IN CORDYLANTHUS (SCROPHULARIACEAE)

The genus Cordyhmthus has considerable diversity in its inflorescences while the other genera of tribe Rhinantheae (Scrophulariaceae) uniformly have racemes or spikes. Four distinct inflorescence types are recognized and their homologies and evolutionary history are postulated. Thus it is suggested that the basic florescence type, the elongated spike (Type I), has undergone evolutionary reduction to a few-flowered spike and ultimately to a single-flowered florescence (Type II). Further evolution involving processes of compaction and clustering of the single-flowered florescences has resulted in glomerulate clusters (Type III) and spiciform clusters (Type IV). Knowledge of inflorescence homologies and distribution of the four inflorescence types in the genus has been of considerable aid in formulating a new infrageneric classification. Using evidence primarily from inflorescence, floral, and seed morphology, as well as from geographical distribution and ecology, a classification is proposed establishing three subgenera, namely subg. Dicranostegia, subg. Hemistegia, and subg. Cordylanthus, the last with three sections, sect. Cordylanthus, sect. Anisocheila, and sect. Ramosi.     

国产赖草属3组植物叶表皮解剖特征及其系统关系

采用徒手刮削法对国产赖草属中多穗组、少穗组和单穗组主要代表种的叶表皮微形态特征进行了观察。结果显示：(1)赖草属3组植物的叶表皮皆由长细胞、气孔器细胞、短细胞和刺毛组成,表现为典型的狐茅型;同时,3组植物在长细胞的长度与宽窄,气孔器的大小与分布及副卫细胞的形状,短细胞的丰缺与着生形式,刺毛的数量、体积与类型等性状上存在明显差异。(2)根据3组植物叶表皮性状的演化趋势,对各组的演化关系和系统位置分析表明,多穗组最原始,少穗组较进化,单穗组最高级;多穗组可能直接派生了较进化的少穗组,并在少穗组的基础上进而产生了最高级的单穗组。多穗组、少穗组和单穗组的这一系统关系与利用外部形态特征所获得的演化趋势基本一致。     

Revisiting of Carex sect. Confertiflorae s.l. (Cyperaceae): New data from molecular and morphological evidence and first insights on Carex biogeography in East Asia

Carex sect. Confertiflorae s.l. is a medium-sized species group (ca. 40 species) with its center of diversity in E Asia (China and Japan). According to morphological traits, the section has been proposed to split into two sections (sects. Confertiflorae sensu Ohwi and Molliculae Ohwi) up to five different ones (sects. Confertiflorae s.s., Molliculae, Dispalatae Ohwi, Ischnostachyae Ohwi, and Alliiformes Akiyama). Recent phylogenetic reconstructions showed Confertiflorae s.l. not to be monophyletic, as species traditionally considered part of it were found to belong to other clades, whereas species traditionally ascribed to other sections were nested within it. In this study, we investigated the phylogenetic structure, morphological affinities, and biogeographic history of sect. Confertiflorae s.l. We employed a taxon-based approach to explore the morphological affinities of the species considered in sect. Confertiflorae and compared the micromorphology of the nutlets of almost all the taxa using SEM. We included 40 samples representing 31 species/subspecies of sect. Confertiflorae s.l. and used two nuclear (ETS and ITS) and three plastid (trnL-F, matK, and rpl32-trnL ^UAG) molecular markers to reconstruct the phylogeny of the group. The phylogenetic analyses confirmed the polyphyly of sect. Confertiflorae s.l., whose representatives were found within five distinct clades. From these, two clades, sect. Confertiflorae and sect. Molliculae, were found to be closely related and contained the majority of the species. The composition of the two clades agreed with the morphological structure of the group, and we confirmed an exclusive combination of features (namely color of basal sheaths, presence of bract sheath, peduncle of lowest spike, inflorescence sex distribution, shape of pistillate glume apex, and color and veins of utricle, among others) characterizing each of the two clades. The origin of the two clades was found to be in the early Pliocene; however, the majority of the diversification events within each clade took place during the Pleistocene. This illustrates that although Asia has been regarded as having little potential ecological space for Carex to diversify due to its climate stability, groups of sedges sub-endemic from that area may have a fairly recent origin related to glaciations. We proposed the rearrangement of sect. Confertiflorae as previously conceived as three independent sections: the monotypic Alliiformes, sect. Molliculae, and sect. Paludosae.     

基于叶绿体四个DNA片段联合分析探讨山茶属长柄山茶组、金花茶组和超长柄茶组的系统位置与亲缘关系

为探讨山茶属茶亚属(Camellia subgen.Thea)中长柄山茶组(sect.Longipedicellata)、金花茶组(sect.Chrysantha)和超长柄茶组(sect.Longissima)的系统位置和亲缘关系,本研究选取了该属4个亚属11组28个种及2个外类群的材料,对这些材料的叶绿体4个DNA片段(rp/16、psbA-trnH、trnL-F和rp/32-trnL)进行了测序,运用邻接法(neighbor-joining)、最大简约法(maximum-parsimony)和贝叶斯推断(Bayesian inference)对获得的序列进行了联合矩阵分析.并构建基因树.基因树的拓扑结构显示:1)金花茶组包括3个平行的支系,并且长柄山茶组的模式种长柄山茶(Camellia longipedicellata)嵌于其中一个支系,因而金花茶组可能是一个并系或多系类群;2)长柄山茶与越南分布的金花茶组种类在分子系统树上构成一个单系支,暗示了长柄山茶组和金花茶组之间可能具有紧密的亲缘关系;3)超长柄茶组不是一个单系类群,该组的河口超长柄茶(C.hekouensis)位于系统树的基部,与山茶属其余种构成姐妹群.由于缺乏更广泛取样的分析,超长柄茶在山茶属中的系统位置仍然不明确,超长柄茶组与长柄山茶组的亲缘关系问题也没有得到解决.     

报春花属藏报春组、毛茛叶报春组的界定和系统发育关系 :核糖体DNAITS序列证据(英文)

报春花属 (PrimulaL .)藏报春组 (sect.AuganthusPaxexBalf.f.)和毛茛叶报春组 (sect.RanunculoidesChenetC .M .Hu)的界定一直是没有解决的问题。应用核糖体DNAITS序列数据探讨其系统发育关系。取样包括藏报春组和毛茛叶报春组的全部 5个种以及其他一些相关组的代表种。ITS系统树表明 ,陕西羽叶报春 (P .filchneraeKnuth)应与藏报春 (P .sinensisSabineexLindl.)和野藏报春 (P .rupestrisBalf.f.etFarrer)一起置于藏报春组 ;毛茛叶报春组只含两种 :毛茛叶报春 (P .cicutariifoliaPax)和安徽羽叶报春 (P .merrillianaSchltr.)。这两组并不具密切亲缘关系 ,它们在报春花属中与其他组的关系还需进一步研究。研究也表明ITS序列可以为报春花属的系统发育重建提供大量可靠资料     

Pollen morphology of Pedicularis sect. Cyathophora, a group endemic to the Eastern Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains region

Pedicularis sect. Cyathophora is a distinctive group endemic to the eastern Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains region. It was regarded as a ＇grex＇ or section and included all four general corolla types of Pedicularis. A unique feature of it is that the leaf and bract bases are fused together to form a cup-like structure around the stem at each node. Pollen morphology of seven species in sect. Cyathophora was investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and light microscopy （LM）. Two different pollen apertures could be distinguished （i.e. trisyncolpate and bisyncolpate） using LM, while examination with SEM made it possible to recognize three types of exine ornamentation （i.e. microscabrate, microfoveolate and microreticulate）. The microfoveolate exine ornamentation was found in trisyncolpate pollen grains for the first time. Possible relationships between pollen data and the corolla types were discussed. Comparisons of floral and phyllotaxy characters of the genus Pedicularis, together with the pollen characters of sect. Cyathophora, could help us to better understand the evolutionary trends in Pedicularis.     

根据叶表皮微形态特征试论披碱草属（禾本科）中小颖组、宽颖组和长颖组间的系统关系

观察了披碱草属中小颖组、宽颖组和长颖组主要代表种的叶表皮形态学特征,总结了3组植物叶表皮结构的异同,探讨了叶表皮特征的分类学意义。同时,根据3组植物叶表皮性状的演化趋势,分析了各组的演化关系和系统位置。结果表明,小颖组最原始,宽颖组较进化,长颖组最高级;小颖组可能直接派生了较进化的宽颖组,并在宽颖组的基础上进而产生了最高级的长颖组。小颖组、宽颖组和长颖组的这一系统关系与利用外部形态特征所获得的演化趋势基本一致。     

披碱草属3组植物叶片解剖特征及其系统关系

采用石蜡切片法对披碱草属中小颖组、宽颖组和长颖组主要代表种的叶片横切面形态学特征进行观察。结果显示:(1)披碱草属3个组植物的叶片均为等面叶,由表皮、叶肉和维管束三部分构成,表现为典型的狐茅型,即表皮细胞形状、大小和排列不均,叶肉无栅栏组织和海绵组织之分,具有双层维管束鞘,周围叶肉细胞呈不规则排列,厚壁组织与表皮相接;但3个组植物在上表皮细胞形状、大小、沟的深浅,以及大型导管数目等叶片横切面特征上存在明显差异。(2)根据3个组植物叶片横切面性状的演化趋势,对各组的演化关系和系统位置分析表明,小颖组最原始,宽颖组较进化,长颖组最高级;小颖组可能直接派生了较进化的宽颖组,并在宽颖组的基础上进而产生了最高级的长颖组;小颖组、宽颖组和长颖组的这一系统关系与利用外部形态特征所获得的演化趋势基本一致。     

中国紫金牛属圆齿组花粉形态研究及其分类学意义

利用扫描电子显微镜对紫金牛属圆齿组20种1变种植物的花粉形态进行了研究,并比较分析了腋序组2种及锯齿组1种的花粉。经观察花粉为近球形或近扁球形,具3孔沟,除锯齿组的月月红外,其余种均形成合沟。外壁纹饰可分为四类:穴网状、细网状、皱波状及细颗粒状(带刺突)。结果显示,花粉形态特征可作为属下分组及组下分类处理的依据。