Stoffwechselprodukte von Mikroorganismen

Zusammenfassung -N-Hydroxy-L-arginin wurde aus Kulturfiltraten des Dermatophyten Nannizzia gypsea (Familie Gymnoascaceae, Ordnung Eurotiales, Klasse Ascomycetes) isoliert. Das Antibioticum hemmt verschiedene Bakterien und Pilze. Mit L-Arginin und L-Citrullin läßt sich die Wirkung aufheben. Die Reinigung erfolgte durch Ionenaustausch an Dowex 50WX8 mit Ammoniumhydroxid, präparative Chromatographie an Kieselgel (Laufmittel: n-Propanol-Wasser), Säulenchromatographie an Cellulose und Elution mit Äthanol-Essigsäure-Wasser. Dabei entstand das Acetat, welches zum Schluß wieder in das ursprüngliche Antibioticum überführt werden konnte. Zur chemischen Charakterisierung und Ermittlung der Struktur wurden unter anderem Gaschromatographie-Massenspektrometrie, ¹³C- und Protonen-NMR-Spektrometrie benutzt.

---

Metabolic products of microorganisms118. -N-Hydroxy-L-arginine, an amino acid antagonist from Nannizzia gypsea

Summary -N-hydroxy-L-arginine was isolated from culture filtrates of Nannizzia gypsea, a dermatophyte of the family Gymnoascaceae, order Eurotiales, class Ascomycetes. Several bacteria and fungi are inhibited by the antibiotic. The inhibition is compensated by L-arginine and L-citrulline.The substance has been purified by: ion exchange on Dowex 50WX8 with ammonium hydroxide, chromatography with n-propanol-water on silicagel layers, column chromatography on cellulose and elution with ethanol-acetic acid-water, yielding the acetate of the compound. The antibiotic was then obtained from the acetate.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR and other techniques have been applied in order to elucidate the constitution and configuration of the novel compound.

---

---

117. Mitt.: König, W. A., Loeffler, W., Meyer, W. H., Uhmannn, R.: Chem. Ber. 106, 816–825 (1973).     

Morphometrie der feinen Markfasern in der Sehrinde der Katze

Zusammenfassung In den Schichten I bis III der Sehrinde der Katze wurden die feinen markhaltigen Nervenfasern morphometrisch untersucht. Folgende Größen wurden bestimmt: 1. mit Hilfe des Punktzählverfahrens ein Volumenanteil von 7,1±1,6%. 2. Mit der Methode von Hennig (1958) in einem Raum von (0,1 mm)³ eine Oberfläche von 0,42±0,07 mm². 3. Mit Hilfe der Methode von Hennig (1963) in einem gleichen Raum eine Summenlänge der Markfasern von 152 mm. 4. Bei 3693 markhaltigen Nervenfasern ein Mittelwert aller Durchmesser von 0,51±0,08 . Die Größenverteilung der Durchmesser ist in der Abb. 2 enthalten. 5. Die Ergebnisse von 3. und 4. erlaubten eine Kontrollberechnung von Volumenanteil und Oberfläche. Die mit unterschiedlichen Methoden ermittelten Ergebnisse zeigen eine gute Übereinstimmung.

---

Summary The small myelinated axons in layers I to III of the cat's visual cortex have been investigated by means of morphometric methods. It has been found that: 1. The myelinated fibres make up 7.1±1.6% of the total volume. 2. Within a volume of (0.1 mm)³ the myelinated fibres have a surface of 0.42±0.07 mm². 3. The compound length of the myelinated fibres within a volume of (0.1 mm)³ is 152 mm. 4. The diameters of 3,693 myelinated fibres have a mean value of 0.51±0.08 . The distribution of the diameters is shown in Fig. 2. 5. The results of 3. and 4. can be used to control the values given in 1. and 2. The values obtained by the two different methods are in good agreement.

---

---

Die Untersuchungen wurden mit dankenswerter Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft ausgeführt.     

Biochemical characterization of laccase from hairy root culture of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica juncea</Emphasis> L. and role of redox mediators to enhance its potential for the decolorization of textile dyes

In vitro transgenic hairy root cultures provide a rapid system for physiological, biochemical studies and screening of plants for their phytoremediation potential. The hairy root cultures of Brassica juncea L. showed 92% decolorization of Methyl orange within 4 days. Out of the different redox mediators that were used to achieve enhanced decolorization, 2, 2′-Azinobis, 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) was found to be the most efficient. Laccase activity of 4.5 U mg⁻¹ of protein was observed in hairy root cultures of Brassica juncea L., after the decolorization of Methyl orange. Intracellular laccase produced by B. juncea root cultures grown in MS basal medium was purified up to 2.0 fold with 6.62 U mg⁻¹ specific activity using anion-exchange chromatography. Molecular weight of the purified laccase was estimated to be 148 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme efficiently oxidized ABTS which was also required for oxidation of the other tested substrates. The pH and temperature optimum for laccase activity were 4.0 and 40°C, respectively. The purified enzyme was stable up to 50°C and was stable in the pH range of 4.0–6.0. Laccase activity was strongly inhibited by sodium azide, EDTA, dithiothreitol and l-cysteine. The purified enzyme decolorized various textile dyes in the presence of ABTS as an efficient redox mediator. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the enzymatic process involved in phytoremediation of textile dyes by using hairy roots.     

Zur formalen Genetik des Duffy-Systems

The formal genetics of the Duffy-polymorphism was examined, using reagents Anti-Fy(a) and Anti-Fy(b). Our family series comprises 247 unselected families from the southwestern part of Germany with 459 children; extramarital children are excluded from this investigation. The results agree with the hypothesis 3 alleles Fy^a, Fy^b, Fy at an autosomal locus.

---

---

Direktor: Prof. Dr. Dr. H. Baitsoh

---

Mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Die Regulation der RNS-Synthese in Farngametophyten Durch Licht

Zusammenfassung In einer früheren Arbeit wurde gezeigt (Ohlenroth und Mohr, 1963), daß sich die Vorkeime von Dryopteris filix-mas im Blaulicht zu normalen zweidimensionalen Prothallien mit einem relativ hohen Proteingehalt entwickeln. Im Hellrot hingegen bilden sich Zellfäden (= Protonemen) aus, deren Proteingehalt bei gleicher Photosyntheseleistung wesentlich geringer ist.In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird gezeigt, daß auch der RNS-Gehalt im Blaulicht stets größer als im Hellrot ist. Die blaulichtabhängige RNS-Zunahme setzt zeitlich früher ein als die Proteinzunahme.In Umsetzexperimenten von Hellrot nach Blau manifestiert sich die morphogenetische Umsteuerung der Protonemen zeitlich eher als die blaulichtabhängige Steigerung des Proteingehalts. Kasemir und Mohr (1965) konnten zeigen, daß es sich bei dem Blaulichtprotein in erster Linie um eine Vermehrung des Strukturproteins der Chloroplasten hanhandelt. Die blaulichtabhängige RNS-Zunahme dagegen ist spätestens zum Zeitpunkt der morphologischen Umsteuerung faßbar. Dieses Ergebnis wird dadurch gestützt, daß Blaulicht im Vergleich zu Hellrot rasch einen gesteigerten Einbau von ¹⁴C, als ¹⁴C-Uridin (U) geboten, in die RNS-Fraktion verursacht. Das Blaulicht scheint in den Farnvorkeimen zwei verschiedene Vorgänge zu verursachen. 1. Steigerung einer autonomen Proteinsynthese in den Chloroplasten. 2. Auslösung oder Steigerung einer spezifischen Enzymsynthese im Cytoplasma. Die blaulichtabhängige Steigerung der RNS-Synthese scheint damit in Zusammenhang zu stehen. Die Daten der vorliegenden Arbeit werden als Indizien dafür angesehen, daß das Blaulicht seine morphogenetische Wirkung über eine differentielle Genaktivierung ausübt.

---

The regulation of RNA synthesis in fern gametophytes by light

Summary Morphogenesis and metabolism of the gametophytes (= sporelings) of the common male fern Dryopteris filix-mas are controlled by visible radiation. Short wavelengths visible radiation (= blue light) leads to an increase in protein synthesis and makes possible the formation of normal two-dimensional prothallia. Under long wavelengths visible radiation (= red light) the sporelings grow as cellular filaments the protein contents of which are markedly lower than under blue irradiation even under conditions of equal rate of dry matter accumulation in red and blue (Ohlenroth and Mohr, 1963). — It is shown in the present paper that the RNA content of sporelings of the same age is always higher in blue light than in red light (Figs. 1, 3). The blue-dependent increase of RNA occurs faster than the blue-dependent increase of protein (Fig. 2). Furthermore the increase of protein per sporeling is much larger than the increase of RNA (Fig. 4). These facts are in agreement with the hypothesis that in some way or another blue light initiates differential gene activation.The blue light-dependent morphological changes which occur if we put red grown filamentous sporelings under blue light can be measured much faster than the blue light-dependent increase of the bulk protein (Figs. 5, 6). We have to conclude as we did in a previous paper (Kasemir and Mohr, 1965) that the blue light-dependent increase in the protein content of the sporelings might be mainly due to an increase of chloroplast protein. — The blue light-dependent increase of the RNA content occurs at least as fast as the morphological changes (Figs. 5, 6). This finding is supplemented by the observation (Fig. 8) that blue light markedly and rapidly stimulates the incorporation of ¹⁴C into RNA. The ¹⁴C was applied as ¹⁴C-uridine (U). — It seems that blue light causes an increase of protein synthesis in the chloroplasts as well as in the cytoplasm. Blue light-dependent RNA synthesis seems to be involved in this response. These data support the view that blue light might exert its morphogenetic control through differential gene activation.

---

---

Die Arbeit wurde durch Sachbeihilfen der Deutschen Forschunggemeinschaft und der Stiftung Volkswagenwerk gefördert.     

Stoffwechselprodukte von Mikroorganismen

Zusammenfassung Aus Kulturfiltraten einiger Pilze verschiedener Verwandtschaftskreise wurde das hydrophile, basische Sideramin Fusigen als Hydrochlorid isoliert und charakterisiert. Es enthält cis-5-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-pentensäure und -N-Hydroxyornithin.

---

Metabolic products of microorganisms. 56. Fusigen — a new sideramine from fungi

Summary The sideramine fusigen was isolated as the hydrochloride from the culture fluids of some fungi belonging to different groups of ascomycetes and deuteromycetes. It was characterized as a hydrophilic, basic substance composed of cis-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-pentenoic acid and -N-hydroxyornithine.

---

---

55. Mitteilung:Keller-Schierlein, W.: Helv. chim. Acta50, 731 (1967).     

Eine mit Xenonbögen ausgerüstete Interferenzfilter-Monochromatoranlage für kurzwellige sichtbare und Langwellige ultraviolette Strahlung

Summary An interference filter monochromator system for biological purposes has been described. The system contains two monochromator units. It operates with xenon arcs (Osram XBO 501) as sources of radiation and is therefore especially adapted for experimental work in the blue-violet range of the visible spectrum and in the near ultraviolet (until about 350 m). All lenses are made of quartz. A circle of 8 cm diameter is homogenously irradiated. The irradiances which can be presently obtained within this circle with our single or double interference filters are rather high (1900 and 630 ergs/cm²·sec respectively at 355 m, 9000 and 1700 ergs/cm²·sec respectively around 450 m). Together with the monochromator system which we described recently (Mohr undSchoser 1959) and which operates with incandescent projection lamps this xenon arc system enables biological investigations with highly purified monochromatic radiation in the spectral range from 350 to 800 m.

---

---

Mit 6 Textabbildungen     

Characterization of the Band 3 substrate site in human red cell ghosts by NDS-TEMPO,a disulfonatostilbene spin probe: The function of protons in NDS-TEMPO and substrate-anion binding in relation to anion transport

Summary NDS-TEMPO is a specific disulfonatostilbene spin label for the Band 3 substrate site (K. F. Schnell, W. Elbe, J. Käsbauer & E. Kaufmann,Biochim. Biophys. Acta 732:266–275, 1983). The pH dependence of NDS-TEMPO binding and of chloride and sulfate binding was studied in resealed human erythrocyte ghosts. pH was varied from 6.0 to 9.0. The ESR spectra from NDS-TEMPO-labeled red cell ghosts exhibited a strong immobilization of membrane-bound NDS-TEMPO. Changes of pH had no effect upon the mobility of membrane-bound NDS-TEMPO. A mutual competition between NDS-TEMPO binding and the binding of the substrate-anions, chloride and sulfate, was observed throughout the entire pH range. The maximal number of NDS-TEMPO binding sites per cell was in the range of 9.0×10⁵ to 1.10×10⁶ and was found to be insusceptible to changes of pH. The NDS-TEMPO/substrate-site and the chloride/substratesite dissociation constants amounted to 1.25 m and to 17mm and were independent of pH from pH 6.0 to 8.0, while the sulfate/substrate-site dissociation constant displayed a strong pH dependency with a maximum of 50mm at about pH 7.0. The NDS-TEMPO inhibition constants from the chloride and the sulfate flux experiments were 0.5 m (0°C) and 1.8 m (25°C), respectively, and are in close accordance with the NDS-TEMPO/substrate-site dissociation constants. Our studies provide strong evidence for the assumption that NDS-TEMPO binds in fact to the substrate site of Band 3. They show that the strong pH dependence of the chloride and of the sulfate transport cannot result from the pH dependency of substrate-anion binding, but point to the participation of ionizable regulator sites in transport catalysis. These regulator sites seem to be positioned outside the substrate site of the Band 3 transport domain.     

Competitive reactions of a ruthenium arene anticancer complex with histidine, cytochrome c and an oligonucleotide

The ruthenium arene anticancer complex [(⁶-bip)Ru(en)Cl][PF₆] (1) (bip is biphenyl, en is ethylenediamine) reacted slowly with the amino acid L-histidine (L-His) in aqueous solution at 310 K. Two L-His adducts of 1 were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography and identified by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry and NMR: an imidazole N-bound complex [(⁶-bip)Ru(en)(N–L-His)]²⁺, and an N-bound complex [(⁶-bip)Ru(en)(N–L-His)]²⁺. At 310 K, after 24 h only about 22% of complex 1 (2 mM) reacted with L-His, and of the unreacted 1, 59% had hydrolysed. In the presence of 100 mM NaCl, approximately 90% of 1 remained unreacted. In aqueous solution or triethylammonium acetate (TEAA) buffer (pH 7.6), ¹⁵N-labelled 1 reacted with cytochrome c to give two monoruthenated protein adducts. The reaction reached equilibrium within 2 h by which time approximately 50% of cytochrome c was ruthenated. On the basis of [¹H, ¹⁵N] NMR data, one adduct may have Ru bound to the N-terminus, and the other to a carboxylate group on the protein. In TEAA buffer and at 310 K, more than 90% of the 14-mer oligonucleotide d(TATGTACCATGTAT) reacted with 2 mol Eq of 1 to give rise to monoruthenated and diruthenated oligonucleotide adducts. The presence of cytochrome c (1 mol Eq) or L-His (4 mol Eq) had little effect on the course of the reaction with the oligonucleotide. In cells, DNA (or RNA) may be a favoured reaction site for this Ru anticancer complex.Electronic supplementary material is available for this article at .

---

     

Purification and characterization of a novel laccase from Coprinus cinereus and decolorization of different chemically dyes

Laccase is a blue copper oxidase with multiple copper ions and widely distributed in higher plant and fungi. To date, numerous fungal laccases have been reported by many researchers. In present work, a new laccase gene, named CcLCC5I, from Coprinus cinereus was synthesized chemically according to the yeast bias codon and integrated into Pichia pastoris GS115 genome by electroporation. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the recombinant laccase has a molecular mass of approximately 56.8 kDa. Its biochemical properties was carried out using substrate 2-2^′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS). It was showed that the optimum pH and temperature of the laccase is 3.0 and 55 °C, respectively. Except for copper ions, most metal ions inhibited the laccase activity at a high concentration about 10 mM. Sodium sulfite can also highly inhibit laccase activity whereas EDTA had no inhibitory effect on the laccase activity. The CcLCC5I have high ability to decolor not only azo but also aryl methane dyes. The recombinant laccase decolored 44.6 % orange G, 54.8 % Crystal Violet, and 87.2 % Malachite green at about 2.6 h. The novel laccase may be a good candidate for breeding engineering strains used in the treatment of industrial effluent containing azo and aryl methane dyes.     

Morphologie fine d'une differenciation glandulaire du recessus infundibulaire chez le rat

Resumé Dans le tiers postérieur du recessus infundibulaire du Rat existe une zone périventriculaire colorable par le P.A.S. dont l'étude ultrastructurale révèle les caractères glandulaires L'intervention possible de cette glande infundibulaire périventriculaire dans la régulation de certaines fonctions antéhypophysaires est discutée.

---

Summary An alcohol-choroform insoluble periodic acid — Schiff reactive substance associated with the ependymal lining of the infundibular recess was demonstrated in the hypothalamus of the white rat.Electronmicroscopic studies revealed the glandular character of this zone. The possible role of this infundibular periventricular gland in the regulation of anterior pituitary functions is discussed.

---

---

Dédié amicalement à M. le Professeur Dr. W. Bargmann pour son 60^ème anniversaire.

---

Special fellow N.I.N.D.B.; U.S.P.H.S., bénéficiaire d'une subvention no B 0 3468 — U.S.P.H.S.

---

Travail en partie réalisé dans le cadre de la R. C. P. 39 du C. N. R. S. Avec la collaboration technique de M^elles M. J. Klein, S. Veidt et G. Haller.     

Cytogenetische Untersuchungen mit zwei N-substituierten Endoxanabkömmlingen an menschlichen Leukocyten in vitro

Summary Unlike cyclophosphamide (Endoxan^®, Cytoxan^®) N, N, N-tris-(2-chloroethyl)-N,O-propylene phosphoric acid ester diamide and N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-(2-chloroethyl)-N,-O-propylene phosphoric acid ester diamide induced chromosomal aberrations in human leukocytes in vitro. The majority of these lesions consisted of chromatid breaks, acentric fragments, and isochromatid breaks. Infrequently interchanges and ring chromosomes were observed. The percentage of metaphases with chromosomal damage increased exponentially, the mean breakage frequency per metaphase, however, rose approximately linearly with the applied concentration. A possible cleavage of the nitrogen-phosphorus bond and the breakdown of the inactive cyclic forms of the two investigated compounds in vitro is discussed.

---

---

(Direktor: Klinik der Freien Universität Berlin)

---

Herrn Professor Dr. Hans Frhr. von Kress zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Strukturanalytische Untersuchungen zur Altersabhängigkeit der Sensibilität

Zusammenfassung Eine Analyse der Meßwerte von Ronge (1943) über die Reizausnutzung durch das Tastsinnes-Nervensystem der Haut zeigt im Zusammenhang mit einer vorausgegangenen Studie (Scharf und Blumenthal, 1967), daß der Reizerfolg in einer transzendenten Fläche höherer Ordnung in Abhängigkeit vom Lebensalter (oder von der Anzahl der Meissnerschen Tastkörperchen pro Hautflächeneinheit) und vom Reizdruck dargestellt werden kann. In Druckrichtung steigt diese Fläche mit zunehmendem Reizdruck nichtlinear an, in Zeitrichtung oscilliert die Fläche dagegen träge um Normwerte, die beim 20jährigen Menschen realisiert sind. Dabei werden die Altersveränderungen der histologischen Hautstruktur offenbar zur Kompensation der altersabhängigen Verminderungen der Zahl der Tastkörperchen ausgenutzt.

---

Summary An analysis of the observations on the Reizausnutzung by nerves of touch (Ronge, 1943) connected to a previous study (Scharf and Blumenthal, 1967) shows that the irritation result may be figured by a transcendental plane of higher order as a function of age (or number of Meissner's corpuscles per area skin) and irritation pressure. Along the pressure axis this non-linear plane is increasing non-linear in dependence on ascending pressure, but along the time axis the plane oscillates lazily round about the norm values which are realized in human beings of about 20 years of age. It seems that the age-dependent changes of histological skin structure are utilized to compensate the age-dependent diminution of touch corpuscle number.

---

---

Mit dankenswerter Unterstützung durch einen Forschungsauftrag des Staatssekretariates für das Hochschulwesen der DDR.

---

Numerische Rechnung: Tischrechner Mercedes Cellatron R 44 SM, Leitende Med. techn. Ass. Ruth Pieper (Anatomisches Institut Halle). Programmgesteuerter Digitalrechner ZRA 1, Math, techn. Ass. Friedegund Hüther (Institut für Numerische Mathematik, Halle).

---

Graphik: Akad. Bildhauer Hellmut Helwin.     

Copper dissociation as a mechanism of fungal laccase denaturation by humic acid

Effects of humic acid on removal of hydroxy polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) with laccase from Trametes versicolor were studied. In the absence of humic acid, hydroxy PCBs were rapidly degraded by laccase. However, the rate constants decreased with increasing humic acid concentration, the reactions being completely inhibited at 150 mg l^-1 of humic acid. Peroxidase from Arthromyces ramosus was not inhibited by the same treatment. The activity of humic acid-deactivated laccase was completely restored by copper ions (500 M of Cu²⁺ in 150 mg l^-1 of humic acid), but not by other metal ions (Zn²⁺, Fe²⁺ and Hg²⁺). Humic acid-deactivated laccase purified by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) showed no activity against 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonic acid) diammonium salt and 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxybiphenyl, but its activity was restored by copper ion treatment. Humic acid-deactivated laccase showed similar properties, such as GPC retention time and copper ion requirements for activity, to those of laccase deactivated by nitrilotriacetic acid. The extent of humic acid inhibition, expressed as activity non-recoverable by copper ion treatment, increased over time more rapidly than that of the humic acid-free control. These results suggest that short-term inactivation of laccase, i.e., less than 1 day, is attributable to a depletion of copper ion.     

Über die Wirkung von Kaliumjodid auf die lichtstimulierte endogene Atmung von Algen

Summary The endogenous respiration of an achlorophyllous mutant of Chlorella vulgaris is enhanced by small amounts of blue light. The action spectrum for this effect shows two peaks at 460 and 375 m, which points to a flavin or a carotenoid in cis configuration as the likely photoreceptor responsible. Weber's (1950) observation that in vitro potassium iodide (KI) quenches the fluorescence of riboflavin was employed to distinguish between these two pigments. — KI in concentrations from 0.033 to 0.50 M lowers the oxygen uptake in blue light increasingly (Fig. 1, Table 1), but not specifically: KI inhibits the respiration of exogenous glucose even more (Fig. 2). Furthermore neither the inhibition of endogenous nor that of exogenous respiration is iodide-specific; a decrease in both of them takes place with KNO₃ of corresponding concentrations, too (Table 2). The somewhat smaller inhibition with KNO₃ compared to that with KI fits the known observation that iodide has a greater inhibiting effect on metabolic reactions of plant cells than nitrate (Hewitt and Nicholas, 1963). — Finally it was observed that irradiation with blue light (>366 to <550 m) of the iodide solutions used liberates some iodine (Fig. 3). Since the promoting effect of iodine on the isomerisation of carotenoids is well documented (Zechmeister, 1962), it might be impossible to determine whether a flavin or a cis-carotenoid participates in a blue light specific reaction by using an iodide solution, as has been done several times recently.

---

---

Herrn Prof. Dr. R. Harder zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Zur Phototaxis von Mougeotia (Mesocarpus)

Summary Mosebach undertook a quantitative study of the light intensity which changes the positive phototaxis of theMougeotia chloroplast into a negative one (this intensity is the so-called, Umschlagspunkt = UP). The UP has no definite value but depends upon the pre-treatment of the plant. The UP is lowered by pre-darkening and is raised by a few hours or even less of pre-illumination.This light effect is a double one: a) the UP depends on the concentration of CO₂ in the medium, which of course is influenced by the ratio of respiration and photosynthesis, and b) in running-water experiments there still exists an influence of the pre-illumination on the UP, which must therefore be a direct light effect and which, it is suggested, is an adaptation.The CO₂-sensitivity of the UP is not an unspecific p_H effect and cannot be duplicated by citric, oxalic or hydrochloric acid. Only acetic acid has a similar effect.The cases in which the chloroplast is found to be oblique to the light beam are discussed from a new point of view.This summary is only a very short review by the editor; for further information compare the German summary by the author, page 41.

---

---

Mit 16 Textabbildungen

---

Mit einem Nachwort vonW. Haupt

---

Vor seinem letzten Abschied legte mir mein Mann die Manuskripte zweier Arbeiten in die Hand mit der Bitte, wenn nötig, statt seiner für ihre Veröffentlichung zu sorgen. Die erste Arbeit (Über die Polarisierung derEquisetum-Spore durch das Licht, Planta33, 1943) war so gut wie druckfertig. Die zweite, hier vorliegende Arbeit war vonGeorg Mosebach in dieser Fassung noch nicht für die Veröffentlichung bestimmt; trotzdem ist sie nun doch in der ursprünglichen Form erschienen — abgesehen von wenigen oder unbedeutenden Änderungen, die Herr ProfessorBuder und Herr ProfessorRuhland, Leipzig, die Güte hatten vorzunehmen. Herrn Professor Dr.J. Buder und Herrn Professor Dr.W. Ruhland spreche ich auch an dieser Stelle meinen Dank aus für alle selbstlose Hilfe, die mir bei meiner Aufgabe zuteil wurde.Erna Mosebach, 1944.     

Stoffwechselprodukte von Mikroorganismen

Zusammenfassung Trans-5-Hydroxy-3-methylpenten-(2)-säure wurde in den Kulturen mehrerer Pilze nachgewiesen. Die Konzentrationen betragen etwa 5 mg/l.Die Darstellung der Säure gelingt durch Isomerisierung der leichter zugänglichen cis-²-Anhydromevalonsäure. Die trans-²-Anhydromevalonsäure wurde durch Craig-Verteilung, Chromatographie and Kieselgel und Kristallisation als N,N'-Dibenzyläthylendiammoniumsalz gereinigt.

---

Metabolic products of microorganisms. 68. The isolation and preparation of trans-5-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-pentenoic acid

Summary Trans-5-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-pentenoic acid was found in the culture fluids of several fungi in concentrations of about 5 mg/l.The preparation of this acid was achieved by isomerisation of the more readily available cis-²-anhydromevalovic acid. Trans-5-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-pentenoic acid was purifield by countercurrent distribution, chromatography and crystallisation as the N,N'-dibenzylethylenediammonium salt.

---

---

67. Mitteilung: Brufani, M., u. M. Dobler: Helv. chim. Acta (in Vorbereitung).     

Zur Frage der Wirkung von Morphiumsulfat auf das neurosekretorische System

Zusammenfassung Eine Belastung mit Morphium löst eine ADH- und Oxytocinmobilisierung aus. Durch Versuche an 38 mit Morphiumsulfatinjektionen behandelten Ratten wurde erwiesen, daß in gleicher Weise auch eine Neurosekretabnahme eintritt. Davon ist insbesondere die Neurohypophyse, das Abgabeorgan von Hypophysenhinterlappenhormonen und Neurosekret, betroffen. Bei Fortdauer der Stress-Situation, d. h. bei Fortsetzen der täglichen Morphiumsulfatinjektionen stellt sich eine Gewöhnung des neurosekretorischen Systems ein, die Neurosekreteinlagerung wird wieder auf den vorherigen Stand gebracht. Die Gewöhnung geht in der Regel so weit, daß vorbehandelte Tiere auch bei einer erheblichen Steigerung der Morphiumsulfatdosis keine Reaktion ihres neurosekretorischen Systems, d. h. keine Neurosekretabnahme, zeigen. Auch die fortgesetzte Belastung mit Morphiumsulfat führt demnach — wiedie Belastung mit Nikotinsäure — zur Ausbildung eines general adaptation syndrome im Sinne Selyes.

---

Summary The administration of morphine to rats engenders a release of ADH and oxytocin. The injection of morphine sulfate to 38 rats shows that neurosecretory material depletion takes place in a similar manner, particularly in the posterior pituitary. After daily injections, the system adapts to the stress by redeposition of neurosecretory substances. The adaptation reaches the point where pretreated animals show no depletion after a much increased test dosis of morphine sulfate, similar to the prolonged stress with nicotinic acid. This is interpreted to represent adaptation in the sense used by Selye.

---

---

Durchgeführt mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.

---

Die Vorversuche zu dieser Arbeit konnte der eine von uns (Rodeck) während seiner Gastassistentenzeit (1959) im Institut de Médecine et de Chirurgie expérimentales de l'Université de Montréal, Kanada (Direktor Prof. Dr. H. Selye) durchführen, wofür an dieser Stelle gedankt sei.     

Laccase production by a monokaryotic strain of Pycnoporus cinnabarinus derived from a dikaryotic strain

Monokaryotic Pycnoporus cinnabarinus strains were obtained from the dikaryotic strain I-938. One of these, designated MK18, consistently produced high laccase activity. In cultures of MK18 and I-938 where ferulic acid was added as laccase inducer, laccase activity was enhanced about 2.5-fold reaching 3400 U/l for the MK18 strain. Laccase was purified to homogeneity and under the selected growth conditions, only one isoform of the enzyme was produced. The N-terminal sequence was similar to the amino terminal sequence of laccase II from Trametes versicolor. The enzyme was stable at 60 C for more than 1 h.