石榴皮染料对毛织物的染色性能研究

本文研究了资源丰富的石榴皮染料溶液的耐热水稳定性,分析了染浴pH值、染色温度对石榴皮染料上染毛织物的影响,并测试了所染毛织物的色牢度及抗紫外性能。研究结果表明,石榴皮染料溶液耐热水稳定性好。石榴皮染料可采用直接染、铝、铁离子预媒染和后媒染多种染色方法对毛织物染色,不同染色方法可得到不同颜色的毛织物。直接染色法最佳染浴pH值为3,铁后媒染色法最佳染浴pH值为7,各种染色方法染色温度应为100℃。石榴皮染料染色毛织物具有良好的皂洗牢度、摩擦牢度和升华牢度,并具有很强的抗紫外性能。石榴皮染料可作为毛织物的一种功能型天然染料。     

2种核酸染色方法的比较

目的:比较前染和后染等2种核酸染色方法对凝胶中DNA的染色效果,及其对染料染色灵敏度的影响,并验证新型核酸染色剂SYBRGreenⅠ能否代替传统染料溴化乙锭(EB)用于常规电泳中DNA的染色。方法:分别用SYBRGreenⅠ与EB采用2种不同的方法对凝胶中的DNA进行染色。结果:前染和后染的染色效果无显著差别,2种染料都能显示出10ng以下的DNA条带。结论:前染和后染方法的染色效果相当,染料SYBRGreenⅠ和EB均可用于这2种染色方法;新型染料SYBRGreenⅠ可代替强致癌性染料EB,用于常规凝胶中DNA的染色。     

两种核酸染料染色效果的比较研究

用前染和后染两种不同的染色方法,研究比较SYBRGreenI和溴化乙锭(EB)两种核酸染料对凝胶中DNA的染色效果和灵敏度,及SYBRGreenI取代EB用于常规凝胶中核酸染色的可能性。结果表明,用前染法染色SYBRGreenI对琼脂糖凝胶中的核酸染色效果与EB相当;用后染法染色前者要优于后者,可显示5ng以下的DNA条带,在完全相同的操作条件下,其染色DNA条带背景清晰,灵敏度较高。因此,无致突变性新型染料SYBRGreenI可替代强致突变性染料EB用于检测凝胶中DNA片段大小、含量等,从而减少由于使用EB带来的环境污染和人体健康危害。     

用荧光染色技术标记生活花粉管的研究

在金鱼草和(或)烟草上试验了三种荧光染料对花粉管进行荧光活体染色与标记的效果。花粉管在异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC,12.5μg/ml)中染色5—6小时,原生质呈绿黄色荧光;换入无染料的培养基后可继续生长并保持荧光标记,但后期生长受抑。罗丹明B(RB,10μg/nl)染色的效果与上相近,花粉管呈红色荧光;换入无染料培养基后生长正常,唯后期荧光减弱。荧光素二醋酸酯(FDA,10μg/ml)染花粉粒40分钟,换入无染料培养基后正常萌发与生长,花粉管原生质呈明亮的绿色荧光。FDA方法具有染色时间短,荧光明亮,兼有活染与生活力鉴定双重功效等优点。     

核酸染料Genefinder使用方法的比较

目的:使用核酸染料Genefinder检测琼脂糖凝胶中的核酸,通过比较预染样品法、胶内染色法和后染法三种染色方法的染色效果,了解该染料的染色特性,以期找到性能稳定,染色效果好的染色方法.方法:在琼脂糖凝胶电泳中,以不同的染色方法使用核酸染料Genefinder进行染色,对染色结果进行比较分析.结果:使用电泳后染色方法染色效果较好,胶内染色法次之,预染样品法效果最差.结论:核酸染料Genefinder会干扰DNA的迁移效率,因此,使用Genefinder进行电泳后染色是一种较好的染色方法.     

甲状腺液基细胞学巴氏染色薄片红染的原因和机制探讨

目的探讨甲状腺液基细胞学巴氏染色红染现象的原因及机制。方法将所有试剂更换为全新,通过分析染色后返蓝液的pH值变化来分析甲状腺液基薄片红染现象和返蓝液pH值的关系。结果当返蓝液的pH值呈酸性时,甲状腺液基薄片呈现红染现象,更换成全新的返蓝液后再染同一样本的另一张薄片,红染现象消失。结论甲状腺液基细胞学巴氏染色的薄片红染问题和细胞分化后返蓝液的低pH值有关,和返蓝不充分有直接的关系。     

干燥方式对香蕉皮色素稳定性的影响

为提高农副产品香蕉皮的资源化利用,保护环境,并得到天然环保的黄棕色色素,本文以冷冻干燥、真空干燥、鼓风干燥三种不同的方式对新鲜的香蕉皮进行干燥。对不同方式干燥的香蕉皮粉末分别采用超声波技术提取得到色素,并对毛精纺织物进行染色。研究表明,香蕉皮热稳定性好,不同方式干燥的香蕉皮粉末红外光谱图没有明显区别;香蕉皮在空气和氮气中的起始分解温度在170℃;DSC图谱显示香蕉皮在105℃保温中至少可以稳定存在120 min。不同方式干燥的香蕉皮粉末提取液吸光度曲线、染色后的毛织物颜色特征值不同,真空干燥105℃所得粉末染色毛织物颜色最深,尤其适用于作为纺织品染料资源的香蕉皮干燥。所得香蕉皮粉末提取色素染色的毛织物具有较好的皂洗、摩擦、日晒及热压牢度,均达到3级以上。     

凝胶等电点聚焦电泳蛋白质的直接固定染色法

聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电点聚焦电泳是一个分离蛋白质组分很有价值的方法。其优点是分辨率高、重演性好,且分离后的蛋白质区带的等电点亦大致可知,近年来该方法的应用越来越广。但等电点聚焦电泳后凝胶蛋白质区带的染色恰很费时而手续繁。由于两性电介质(Ampboline)也和染料牢固结合呈色,所以要花数天时间先把凝胶中的两性电介质脱净,方可染色。染色后又需进行长时间的背景脱色,才能得到区带清晰的蛋白质带谱。为此,一些研究者摸索了毋须预先脱去两性电介质的直接固定染色法。我们比较了Malik和Reisner的直染法,尤以Malik法效果最好。     

染色体分带技术及其现状

染色体分带技术是一种用染料对染色体进行分化染色的方法。用一般细胞学染色法,染色体着色是均匀的,但若经过某些物理、化学等条件如:温度、酸碱等处理后再以染料染色,或单经某些荧光染料染色就可以染出深浅不同的带纹的纵向结构。由于这些带     

肥大细胞标本的快速简易制作方法

肥大细胞是大多数脊椎动物疏松结缔组织中常见的细胞 ,常成群地沿着小血管分布。该细胞胞质内充满着粗大的嗜碱性颗粒 ,其颗粒具有水溶性 ,用碱性染料染色时呈现异染性。通常在制作肥大细胞标本时先取皮下组织或肠系膜进行铺片 ,风干后经过固定液固定 ,再用甲苯胺蓝、硫堇等染色方法显示胞质内颗粒 ,然后再经脱水 ,透明和封片等常规操作程序完成标本制作。近年来 ,笔者根据该细胞胞质内嗜碱性颗粒具有异染性和水溶性特点 ,采用以酒精为溶剂的甲苯胺蓝染色液对风干后肥大细胞铺片标本不经固定而直接染色 ,染色后只经一道酒精洗去浮液 ,风干后…     

Effect of microbial transglutaminase on dyeing properties of natural dyes on wool fabric

The dyeing properties of three natural dyes – curcumin, gardenia yellow and lac dye – on wool fabric after treatment with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) have been investigated. After 120 min of MTGase treatment, compared with the fabric only pretreated with chemical and protease, the colour strength of curcumin, gardenia yellow and lac dye increased from 8±0.13, 7.5±0.10 and 22±0.12 to about 12.8±0.20, 11.7±0.20 and 27.0±0.41, respectively. The values of wash fastness for dyed wool fabrics increased from 2 to 4 after MTGase treatment, but the light fastness was not obviously improved. By comparing with mordant dyeing, although the colour strength was poorer, MTGase after-treatment did not cause colour shade changes during dyeing and the wash fastness of dyed wool fabric was similar to that of the pre-mordanted samples.     

Utilization of acrylates emulsion terpolymer with chitosan as a finishing agent for cotton fabrics

Cotton fabrics were treated with finishing bath formulation containing emulsion lattices based on acrylate monomers, chitosan and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to provide cotton fabrics with antibacterial, UV-protection as well as improvement of dyeing properties with direct, acid and reactive dyes. The terpolymer emulsion, chitosan and PEG concentrations as well as fabric pretreatment with alkali significantly affected the performance properties, antimicrobial activity, UV-protection and dyeing behavior of treated cotton fabric. The finished fabrics were characterized in terms of FTIR, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM) as well as mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break (%), abrasion resistance and air permeability. The obtained data showed that the tested fabrics have appropriate antibacterial activity with highly UV-protection properties with increasing chitosan concentration up to 3%. The mechanical properties expressed as tensile strength and abrasion resistance increased after finishing treatment. Moreover, the performance of the finished fabrics and dyeing properties with different dyes classes were greatly influenced by the action of alkali pretreatment of cotton fabrics, adding the polyethylene glycol to the finishing bath formulation as well as emulsion and chitosan concentrations.     

角质酶/角蛋白酶一浴法处理对羊毛性能的影响

采用T.fusca产角质酶以及Bacillus subtilis产角蛋白酶一浴法的方式处理羊毛,通过毡缩率、断裂强力、碱溶解度、上染速率、K/S值和接触角等指标考察了该处理对羊毛的改性效果,并运用XPS、氨基酸分析和SEM考察了其对羊毛结构与性质的影响。实验结果表明：经一浴法处理后,羊毛织物的毡缩率下降明显,达到机可洗要求;断裂强力下降较少,碱溶解度增加较少,上染速率提高,K/S值增加;XPS分析表明,经处理后羊毛纤维表面的元素含量变化较大;氨基酸分析表明,经处理后羊毛纤维中的胱氨酸质量分数有所降低;SEM显示,羊毛鳞片层大部分被剥除,综上可以说明角质酶/角蛋白酶的一浴法处理对羊毛具有明显的改性作用。     

叶绿素铜钠盐染色蚕丝织物动力学研究

为提高植物染料叶绿素铜钠盐对蚕丝织物上染过程的控制,提供染色工艺优化的理论指导,本文研究了叶绿素铜钠盐上染蚕丝织物的动力学吸附过程,探讨了染色机理,并运用准一级和准二级动力学模型对叶绿素铜钠盐染色蚕丝织物的实验数据进行模拟,计算叶绿素铜钠盐染色蚕丝织物的动力学参数.结果表明:叶绿素铜钠盐在蚕丝织物上的染色符合准二级动力学模型,且在染色温度70～90℃范围内,随着染色温度的升高,染色平衡吸附量降低,染色速率常数增大,半染时间减小,扩散系数增大.     

Dyeing and antimicrobial characteristics of chitosan treated wool fabrics with henna dye

Chitosan, a naturally available biopolymer which is now increasingly being used as a functional finish on textile substrates to impart antimicrobial characteristics and increase dye uptake of fabrics was applied on wool fabrics. Henna a natural dye with proven bactericidal properties was applied on wool fabrics along with chitosan to impart antimicrobial characteristics. The effect of chitosan application on the dyeing properties of wool fabrics was studied by measuring the K/S values of the treated substrates at various concentrations of chitosan and the dye. The antimicrobial properties of chitosan and natural dyes both when applied independently and collectively on fabrics were assessed. The results proved that the chitosan treated wool fabrics showed increase dye uptake of fabrics. The treated fabrics were found to be antimicrobial and the chitosan treatment enhances the antimicrobial characteristics of the dyes. Fastness properties of the applied finish to washing, rubbing and perspiration have also been discussed.     

Development of efficient strain of Ganoderma lucidum for biological stripping of cotton fabric dyed Reactive Blue 21

One of the most common dyeing problems of textile industries is uneven and faulty dyeing over the finished quality of fabrics due to different reasons. These problems are usually tackled through chemical degradation in which uneven and faulty dye is removed from the surface of fiber but fabric quality is compromised. Chemical process also reduces the strength of the fabric and durability of textile material by reduction in reactive dye ability. The fabric cannot be reused due to the reduced strength. To overcome above mentioned problem, biological method of stripping in which enzymes produced by different micro-organisms are used. This process has no harmful effect on the fabric and is safe for environment. In this research work reactive blue 21 dye with 0.5, 2 and 4% shade strengths was used to dye cotton fabric. The Ganoderma lucidum fungal strains were mutated by UV mutagen, and five were selected for further processing. These mutant strains were grown at temperature ranges (20 °C to 40 °C); pH(3–5); inoculum size(1–5 mL) and fermentation time (3–15 days) . The required nutrients media to produce the ligninolytic enzymes was added to the flask. The strain which gave the fast decolourization results was selected for further optimization. Optimization was done by observing the variables: incubation time 12 days, pH 4, temperature 30 °C, and inoculum size 3 mL by applying Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in Central Composite Design (CCD). During the process of fabric color stripping, the enzyme assay revealed that the respective mutant UV-60 strain produced active enzymes with their V_max, Mnp (427U/mL), LiP (785U/mL), and Lac (75 U/mL) enzymes decolorized 89% of the dye which is 25% more than the parent strain and also the production of enzyme is Mnp (344U/mL), LiP (693U/mL), and Lac (59 U/mL) enzymes which is lower than mutant strain.     

Functionalization of cotton fabric with PVP/ZnO nanoparticles for improved reactive dyeability and antibacterial activity

Poly-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone functionalization was done for improved the dyeability of dichlorotriazine dyes on cotton fabric. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were padded on functionalized cotton fabrics to improve antibacterial activity. The modification effects were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM and EDX studies. The antibacterial activity was done against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacterium. The dye exhaustion and fastness properties were analyzed for dyeing with sodium chloride, sodium sulfate and trisodium citrate bio-salt as exhausting agents. The functionalized cotton fabric showed improved dye uptake and good fastness properties. Poly-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone with ZnO nanoparticles padded fabrics showed very good antibacterial activity.     

Staining human lymphocytes and onion root cell nuclei with madder root

We performed staining experiments on cells using natural dyes and different mordants using techniques that are used for wool and silk dyeing. The natural dye sources were madder root, daisy, corn cockle and yellow weed. Ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, potassium tartrate, urea, potassium aluminum sulfate and potassium dichromate were used as mordants. Distilled water, distilled water plus ethanol, heptane, and distilled water plus methanol were used as solvents. All dye-mordant-solvent combinations were studied at pH 2.4, 3.2 and 4.2. The generic staining procedure was to boil 5–10 onion roots or stimulated human lymphocyte (SHL) preparations in a dye bath on a hot plate. Cells were examined at every half hour. For multicolor staining, madder-dyed lymphocytes were decolorized, then stained with Giemsa. The AgNOR technique was performed following the decolorization of Giemsa stained lymphocytes. Good results were obtained for both onion root cells and lymphocytes that were boiled for 3 h in a dye bath that included 4 g madder root, 4 g ferrous sulfate as mordant in 50 ml of 1:1 (v/v) methanol:distilled water. The pH was adjusted to 4.2 with 6 ml acetic acid. We conclude that madder root has potential as an alternative dye for staining biological materials.     

Staining human lymphocytes and onion root cell nuclei with madder root.

We performed staining experiments on cells using natural dyes and different mordants using techniques that are used for wool and silk dyeing. The natural dye sources were madder root, daisy, corn cockle and yellow weed. Ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, potassium tartrate, urea, potassium aluminum sulfate and potassium dichromate were used as mordants. Distilled water, distilled water plus ethanol, heptane, and distilled water plus methanol were used as solvents. All dye-mordant-solvent combinations were studied at pH 2.4, 3.2 and 4.2. The generic staining procedure was to boil 5-10 onion roots or stimulated human lymphocyte (SHL) preparations in a dye bath on a hot plate. Cells were examined at every half hour. For multicolor staining, madder-dyed lymphocytes were decolorized, then stained with Giemsa. The AgNOR technique was performed following the decolorization of Giemsa stained lymphocytes. Good results were obtained for both onion root cells and lymphocytes that were boiled for 3 h in a dye bath that included 4 g madder root, 4 g ferrous sulfate as mordant in 50 ml of 1:1 (v/v) methanol:distilled water. The pH was adjusted to 4.2 with 6 ml acetic acid. We conclude that madder root has potential as an alternative dye for staining biological materials.     

Antibacterial functionalization of wool fabric via immobilizing lysozymes

Greater attention has been given to enzymatic processes of textiles as effective alternatives to conventional chemical treatments because of the non-toxic and eco-friendly characteristics of enzymes as well as the increasingly important requirement for reducing pollution in textile production. A new functionalization method for wool fabrics based on immobilization of lysozymes was investigated in this paper. Wool fabric was first activated with glutaraldehyde, and then employed to covalently immobilize lysozymes. Main immobilization parameters were optimized in terms of the activity of immobilized enzyme. A high activity of the immobilized enzyme was obtained when the fabric was activated at 25 °C for 6 h in a bath containing with 0.2% of glutaraldehyde followed by the immobilization at 4 °C and pH 7.0 for 6 h with 5 g l⁻¹ lysozyme. The scanning electron microscopy and staining tests based on modified Coomassie protein assay (Bradford method) revealed that the lysozyme was fixed covalently on the wool fabric. Wool fabrics immobilizing lysozymes presented a higher ratio of bacteriostasis to Staphylococcus aureus. The durability of antibacterial wool was assessed and the lysozyme immobilized on wool fabric retained ca. 43% of its activity after five cycles of use when taking the activity of the immobilized lysozyme before using as reference.