血竭及其成分龙血素B对背根神经节细胞河豚毒素敏感型钠通道电流的影响

应用全细胞膜片钳技术在急性分离的大鼠背根神经节细胞上观察血竭及其成分龙血素B对河豚毒素敏感型电压门控性钠通道电流的影响. 结果发现, 血竭和龙血素B对河豚毒素敏感型钠通道电流峰值均有浓度依赖的抑制作用, 高浓度的血竭(0.05%)和龙血素B(0.02 mmol/L)使河豚毒素敏感型钠通道电流峰值偏移, 并电压依赖性地影响通道的激活和失活过程. 以上结果表明, 血竭对河豚毒素敏感型钠通道电流的影响主要是其成分龙血素B作用的结果. 血竭的镇痛作用可能部分是通过其成分龙血素B直接干预初级感觉神经元电压门控性钠通道, 阻碍痛觉信息传入而产生的.     

龙血竭提取物有效成分剑叶龙血素A小鼠药动学研究

目的:选取中药广西龙血竭提取物(EDB)中有效成分之一的剑叶龙血素A(2,6-三甲氧基-4'-羟基二氢查耳酮)作为考察对象,研究其药动学规律,对龙血竭临床用药具有一定的指导意义.方法:建立实验小鼠血浆中剑叶龙血素A含量的高效液相色谱测定方法,测定给药后不同时间点血浆中剑叶龙血素A的浓度.通过药动学软件3P87进行数据处理,得出剑叶龙血素A的相关药动学参数.结果:剑叶龙血素A血药浓度高效液相色谱测定方法的线性范围为50-500ng/ml,高中低三种浓度回收率分别是114.80±2.86、103.60±4.38、101.80±2.12,最小检测浓度为10ng/ml,日内差为1.28%、日间差为2.26%、精密度(RSD)小于3%;剑叶龙血素A的药动学参数是:T(peak)为77.73min、C(max)为224.99ng/ml、T1/2Ke为72.91 min、T1/2Ka为40.94min、V/F(C)为1.019(mg/kg)/(ng/ml)、AUC为49553.47(ng/ml)*min.结论:建立了小鼠血浆中剑叶龙血素A高效液相色谱测定方法;EDB口服后剑叶龙血素A药动学为一室模型,有较大的吸收利用率,其消除半衰期为吸收半衰期的1.78倍,是吸收比消除快的药物.     

真菌诱导海南龙血树生产血竭

血竭是一种名贵的传统中药.影响血竭产生的主要原因是物理损伤和真菌诱导.本研究是以打孔接菌方法诱导生产血竭,并运用高效液相色谱方法检测诱导产生的血竭中主要成分龙血素A和龙血素B的含量,探讨不同处理方法对这两种成分含量的影响,以确定最佳的人工接菌方法.研究结果显示不同的处理方法得到的血竭中龙血素A的含量变化不大,而树体接人镰刀菌属真菌并将伤口暴露于空气得到的血竭中龙血素B的含量最高,诱导效果最好.指纹图谱比对结果显示诱导产生的血竭成分与血竭药品成分相似,进一步说明人工接菌诱导血竭生产具有可行性.     

分析药物相互作用的方法在中药研究中的应用

目的研究血竭中的成分剑叶龙血素A和剑叶龙血素B联合应用于大鼠背根神经节细胞膜河豚毒素不敏感型电压门控性钠通道时所产生的相互作用,并对用来研究药物相互作用的两种方法进行比较.方法用Loewe Additivity模型和Creco等人提出的universal response surface approach（URSA）来分析剑叶龙血素A和剑叶龙血素B抑制上述通道电流时所产生的相互作用.结果反映药物相互作用强度的参数在Loewe Additivity模型中CI以及URSA中的d在本文中CI=1.35（95%置信区间：1.29～1.42）、a=-1.08（95%置信区间：-1.16～-0.98）.结论剑叶龙血素A与剑叶龙血素B在抑制上述通道电流时存在拮抗作用;URSA比Loewe Additivity模型能更客观的反映药物相互作用的程度,且URSA可描述联合药物的量效关系.     

赤霉属真菌诱导龙血竭形成的HPLC指纹图谱

龙血竭为百合科植物龙血树所产的树脂类药材,常常因树干部位受损伤后,经微生物侵染并分泌树脂,经提而成。本研究以活性菌株诱导所得龙血竭药材为研究对象,采用HPLC指纹图谱与对照药材相比较,为其质量控制提供评价及分析方法。采用ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱（5μm,4.6mm×250mm）,流动相A为30%乙腈+0.3%乙酸,流动相B为100%乙腈,梯度洗脱,流速1.0mL/min,检测波长278nm与309nm,柱温25℃。结果发现,各龙血竭样品指纹图谱与对照样品相似度高,确定14个共有峰,并通过对照指认了7,4’-二羟基黄酮、龙血素A、龙血素B和白藜芦醇共4个特征性化学成分。本研究发现活性真菌菌株诱导产物可作为天然龙血竭的替代品,诱导药材质量佳,诱导效果好。     

龙血素A对白色假丝酵母菌毒力因子ALS3、SAP4作用的体外研究

目的研究龙血素A对白色假丝酵母菌生物膜的抑菌作用,并初步研究龙血素A是否通过影响或干扰白色假丝酵母菌毒力因子的转录和表达实现的。方法建立白色假丝酵母菌生物膜体外模型,MTT法计算龙血素A对白色假丝酵母菌生物膜的抑制率;激光共聚焦观察龙血素A对不同时间白色假丝酵母菌生物膜的抑菌效果;RT-PCR技术检测药物作用下白色假丝酵母菌毒力因子表达水平的变化。结果随着药物浓度的增加,龙血素A对白色假丝酵母菌生物膜的抑菌作用增强。激光共聚焦观察显示龙血素A使白色假丝酵母菌生物膜内活菌死菌比例下降。RT-PCR结果表明龙血素A抑制了毒力因ALS3、SAP4的表达。结论龙血素A对白色假丝酵母菌生物膜有抑制作用,并在毒力因子ALS3、SAP4的表达过程中起到明显的抑制作用。     

广西龙血竭中几种化学成分对血小板聚集影响的初步研究

从广西龙血竭的氯仿提取部位中得到3种化合物,经IR、1H NMR 13C NMR、MS等现代波谱技术分别鉴定为3,4'-二羟基-5-甲氧基二苯乙烯、剑叶龙血素A、龙血素B,本研究还观察了上述化合物对健康志愿者血小板聚集的影响,发现均对体外ADP诱导的血小板聚集有一定的抑制作用.     

血竭对背根神经节细胞河豚毒素不敏感型钠电流的调制及其药效物质的确定

为了阐明血竭对背根神经节细胞河豚毒素不敏感型钠通道电流的调制作用并探求其相应的药效物质, 应用全细胞膜片钳技术在急性分离的大鼠背根神经节细胞上观察血竭, 和其化学成分剑叶龙血素A, 剑叶龙血素B, 龙血素B以及它们的组合对河豚毒素不敏感型钠通道电流的影响; 根据所建立的中药药效物质的操作型定义, 判别血竭调制背根神经节细胞河豚毒素不敏感型钠通道电流的药效物质; 应用Greco等人建立的模型分析化学成分间的相互作用. 结果表明, 血竭对河豚毒素不敏感型钠通道电流峰值有浓度依赖的抑制作用, 并影响通道电流的激活过程; 剑叶龙血素A, 剑叶龙血素B和龙血素B的组合能产生类似于血竭的对河豚毒素不敏感型钠通道电流的调制作用; 3种化学成分单独作用也能调制河豚毒素不敏感型钠通道电流, 但在所产生的对电流峰值的抑制率相等时, 3种化学成分单独作用时各自所需的浓度高于组合作用时各自所需的浓度; 剑叶龙血素A, 剑叶龙血素B和龙血素B在调制河豚毒素不敏感型钠通道电流时具有协同作用. 上述结果说明血竭调制背根神经节细胞河豚毒素不敏感型钠通道电流, 干预痛觉信息传入, 也是血竭产生镇痛作用的原因, 其药效物质是剑叶龙血素A, 剑叶龙血素B和龙血素B这3种化学成分的分子有效组合.     

新疆雪莲愈伤组织诱导及总黄酮的测定

以新疆雪莲植株叶片为外植体,研究了不同植物激素和培养时间对新疆雪莲愈伤组织生长、总黄酮含量和产量的影响.结果表明:新疆雪莲愈伤组织最佳诱导培养基为MS+2.00 mg/L NAA+1.00 mg/L 6-BA,其愈伤组织诱导率最高(97.0%);继代培养基以MS+2.00 mg/L NAA+1.00 mg/L 6-BA中愈伤组织生长量和总黄酮产量最高,分别达4.58 g和12.24 mg;以MS+4.00 mg/L NAA+2.00 mg/L 6-BA中的愈伤组织总黄酮含量最高,达2.17 mg/g;愈伤组织的生长量随继代培养时间的延长而增加,而其总黄酮含量不稳定,于继代培养第30天达到最高(2.7 mg/g),此时总黄酮产量最高可达26.66 mg.     

龙血竭抑制大鼠脊髓背角广动力范围神经元诱发放电的药效物质

通过在体动物实验, 在整体水平上确证龙血竭的镇痛效应及产生此效应的药效物质. 对完整Wistar雄性大鼠模型, 采用细胞外微电极记录技术, 观察龙血竭及其化学成分剑叶龙血素A、剑叶龙血素B、龙血素B, 以及这3种成分的各种组合对电刺激坐骨神经诱发的脊髓背角广动力范围神经元放电活动的影响. 应用等效剂量概念, 在药物量效关系曲线Hill系数相异的情况下, 导出了判定3种药物相互作用性质的相加等效曲面方程. 基于这些方程和Tallarida所建立的判定具有不相似量效曲线的2种药物相互作用性质的等效线方程, 确定3种成分在不同的组合方式下调制广动力范围神经元诱发放电活动时的相互作用性质. 结果表明, 龙血竭及其3种成分均对广动力范围神经元的诱发放电频率具有浓度依赖的抑制作用, 但描述3种成分量效关系曲线的Hill系数各不相同. 各种组合中只有剑叶龙血素A、剑叶龙血素B和龙血素B的组合能够产生与龙血竭类似的抑制效应, 且这3种成分在联合抑制广动力范围神经元的诱发放电频率时具有协同作用. 上述结果说明, 龙血竭能通过3种成分的相互作用在脊髓水平干预痛觉信息的传导和加工, 进一步证实了其镇痛效应的药效物质是这3种成分的分子组合.     

Modulation on tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium current of loureirin B in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons via cyclic AMP–dependent protein kinase A

To search the modulation mechanism of loureirin B, a flavonoid is extracted from Dracaena cochinchinensis, on tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) sodium channel in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of rats. Experiments were carried out based on patch-clamp technique and molecular biological methods. We observed the time-dependent inhibition of loureirin B on TTX-R sodium currents in DRG neurons and found that neither occupancy theory nor rate theory could well explain the time-dependent inhibitory effect of loureirin B on TTX-R sodium currents. It suggested that a second messenger-mediated signaling pathway may be involved in the modulation mechanism. So the cyclin AMP (cAMP) level of the DRG neurons before and after incubation with loureirin B was tested by ELISA Kit. Results showed that loureirin B could increase the cAMP level and the increased cAMP was caused by the enhancement of adenylate cyclase (AC) induced by loureirin B. Immunolabelling experiments further confirmed that loureirin B can promote the production of PKA in DRG neurons. In the presence of the PKA inhibitor H-89, the inhibitory effect of loureirin B on TTX-R sodium currents was reversed. Forskolin, a tool in biochemistry to raise the levels of cAMP, also could reduce TTX-R sodium currents similar to that of loureirin B. These studies demonstrated that loureirin B can modulate the TTX-R sodium channel in DRG neurons via an AC/cAMP/PKA pathway involving the activation of AC and PKA, which also can be used to explain the other pharmacological effects of loureirin B.     

Effects of dragon’s blood resin and its component loureirin B on tetrodotoxin-sensitive voltage-gated sodium currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons

Using whole-cell patch clamp technique on the membrane of freshly isolated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, the effects of dragon’s blood resin and its important component loureirin B on tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) voltage-gated sodium currents were observed. The results show that both blood resin and loureirin B could suppress TTX-S voltage-gated sodium currents in a dose-dependent way. The peak current amplitudes and the steady-state activation and inactivation curves are also made to shift by 0.05% blood resin and 0.2 mmol/L loureirin B. These results demonstrate that the effects of blood resin on TTX-S sodium current may contribute to loureirin B in blood resin. Perhaps the analgesic effect of blood resin is caused partly by loureirin B directly interfering with the nociceptive transmission of primary sensory neurons.     

Effects of dragon’s blood resin and its component loureirin B on tetrodotoxin-sensitive voltage-gated sodium currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons

Copyright by Science in China Press 2004 Dragons blood resin is one of famous precious Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which has been widely applied in clinical treatment of cardiovascular disease, cervical spondylosis, gynecological disease, etc., due to its actions of dissipating blood stasis, eas-ing pain, arresting bleeding, promoting tissue regen-eration and wound healing[1]. At present, the investi-gation on the pharmacological mechanism of blood resin is concentrated on promoting…     

Effects of dragon’s blood resin and its component loureirin B on tetrodotoxinsensitive voltage-gated sodium currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons

Using whole-cell patch clamp technique on the membrane of freshly isolated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, the effects of dragon’s blood resin and its important component loureirin B on tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) voltage-gated sodium currents were observed. The results show that both blood resin and loureirin B could suppress TTX-S voltage-gated sodium currents in a dose-dependent way. The peak current amplitudes and the steady-state activation and inactivation curves are also made to shift by 0.05% blood resin and 0.2 mmol/L loureirin B. These results demonstrate that the effects of blood resin on TTX-S sodium current may contribute to loureirin B in blood resin. Perhaps the analgesic effect of blood resin is caused partly by loureirin B directly interfering with the nociceptive transmission of primary sensory neurons.     

龙血树真菌群及其对血竭形成的影响

从柬埔寨龙血树（Ｄｒａｃａｅｎａｃｏｃｈｉｎｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）茎杆中分离到３０３株真菌,其中镰刀菌属（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍ）菌株占总分离频率的５２％,其次是短梗霉（Ａｕｒｅｏｂａｓｉｄｉｕｍ）和枝孢霉（Ｃｌａｄｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍ）。通过活体接种对血竭产生的影响试验表明,对血竭形成起重要作用的真菌主要是禾谷镰刀菌龙血树变种（Ｆ．ｇｒａｍｉｎｕｍｖａｒ．ｄｒａｃａｅｎａ）等４株红色镰刀菌,可使血竭形成量提高６６％－１２０％。     

Influence of endophytic fungal elicitation on production of inophyllum in suspension cultures of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Calophyllum inophyllum</Emphasis> L.

The influence of dried cell powder and culture filtrates of endophytic fungi on production of inophyllum in cell suspension cultures of leaf- and stem-derived callus of Calophyllum inophyllum was investigated. Two fungi, Nigrospora sphaerica and Phoma spp., endophytic to C. inophyllum, were isolated from leaf tissues, and were identified by both 18S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing. Elicitation of suspension cultures of both callus types of C. inophyllum with dried cell powder and culture filtrates of both fungi consistently elicited production of inophyllum A, B, C, and P. In comparison to stem-derived callus, suspension cultures of leaf-derived callus enhanced production of most inophyllum. Of the four inophyllum studied, the highest production of inophyllum A, C, and P was achieved in elicited suspension cultures of leaf-derived callus. Suspension cultures of stem-derived callus enhanced production only of inophyllum B. When suspension cultures of leaf-derived callus were elicited with 40 mg dried cell powder of Phoma spp., a level of 751-fold (6.84 mg/100 g elicited biomass) of inophyllum A was produced, compared to control. Whereas, a level of 414-fold (6.22 mg/100 g elicited biomass) of inophyllum B was produced when suspension cultures of stem-derived callus were elicited with 20 mg dried cell powder of N. sphaerica. When compared to control, a 10% culture filtrate of N. sphaerica in suspension cultures of leaf-derived callus elicited inophyllum C and P production by 928-fold (7.43 mg/100 g elicited biomass) and 750-fold (1.5 mg/100 g elicited biomass), respectively.     

固态混合发酵提高木聚糖酶和纤维素酶活力的研究

研究了接种比例、接种时间、碳源、氮源等因素对木霉和黑曲霉混合发酵产木聚糖酶和纤维素酶的影响。试验结果表明,当木霉和黑曲霉按4:6同时接种,以玉米芯3．75g、麸皮3．75g、葡萄糖37．5mg为混合碳源,Mandels营养盐11．5mL、添加NH_4NO_37．5mg为氮源,在84h产纤维素酶活力达到230IU/g干物质,木聚糖酶活力达到1308IU/g干物质,与两菌纯培养相比,纤维素酶活力提高163％,木聚糖酶活力提高79．5％。     

葡萄细胞悬浮培养生产白藜芦醇

以巨峰葡萄果皮为外植体,在添加2.0 mg/L 6-苄基嘌呤（6-BA）和0.1 mg/L 2,4-二氯苯氧基（2,4-D）的B5培养基上诱导葡萄愈伤组织; 以50 g/L的初始接种量在添加1.0 mg/L 6-BA和0.05 mg/L 2,4-D的B5液体培养基上建立葡萄悬浮培养体系。在25～27 ℃下,摇床振荡暗培养（120～130 r/min）18 d后,葡萄细胞生物量和白藜芦醇含量达到最大值（16.17 g/L、95.69 μg/g干质量）。在培养第12天时,向培养基中添加100 μmol/L茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）,经过6 d处理,细胞中白藜芦醇含量达235.73 μg/g干质量。     

Asiaticoside production from centella (Centella asiatica L. Urban) cell culture

Petiole explants of centella plants (Centella asiatica L. Urban) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) solid medium containing 20 g/L sucrose, supplemented with 1.0 mg/L benzylaminopurine and 1.0 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid for callus production. To establish a cell suspension culture, 2 g of fresh callus was cultured in 50 mL of the same medium but without solid agent at a 100 rpm agitation speed. Every 2 g of culture was subcultured in fresh MS liquid medium for maintenance. After 24 days of culture at a 120 rpm agitation speed, the centella cell biomass reached a maximum of 9.03 g/50 mL on the same MS medium with 30 g/L sucrose and a 3 g inoculum size. A high performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that asiaticoside content in 24-day old suspension cultured cells (45.35 mg/g dry weight) was significantly higher (4.5 fold) than that of in planta leaves (10.55 mg/g dry weight).