光敏核不育水稻农垦58S与其衍生不育系的叶绿体DNA的比较

扩增了光敏核不育系农垦58S及从它衍生出来的5个两用核不育系叶绿体DNA的ORF（open reading frame）100、ORF29-TrnC^GCA、rps16（ribosomal proteins16）基因内含子和TrnT^UGU-TrnL^UAA（tRNA^Thr（UGU）-tRNA^-Leu（UAA）等4个片段,并测定了其序列。研究结果表明,粳型光敏核不系农垦58S的叶绿体为粳型。农垦58S衍生的核不育系中,粳型核不育系7001S以及3个籼型核不育系1103S、培矮64S和广占63S的叶绿体DNA为粳型,与选育者提供的细胞质系谱一致。籼型核不育系W6154S的叶绿体DNA为籼型,与选育者提供的细胞质系谱不一致,推断选育者在选育过程中更换过细胞质（曾用不育系作过父本）。5个粳型叶绿体DNA的rps16基因内含子和TrnT^UGU-TrnL^UAA间区的序列相互之间有1-2个单核苷酸的变异。     

光敏核不育水稻农垦58S 41 kD蛋白质的N—端序列分析

光敏核不育性受1对或2对或3对隐性主基因控制,这反应了光敏核不育特性遗传机制的复杂性。张端品等用形态标记法将农垦58S光敏核不育基因定位于第5染色体。胡学应和万邦惠用同工酶法以农垦58S/02428 F_2群体为材料,将光敏核不育基因定位于第6和11染色体;Zhang等用RFLP法以32001S/明恢63 F_2群体为材料将不育基因定位于第3和7染色体。这三种方法所得到的定位结果完全不同,综合起来,第3、5、6、7和11染色体均有光敏核不育基因的位点,由此结果可得出两种解释:1.光敏核不育性由多对基因、至少5对基因控制;2.上述定位方法均是以不育(可育)性状在F_2群体中的分离模式为依据,育性划分界线的不同将会造成分离群体中单株表现值的差异,从而影响定位结果的精确性;再者不同实验室使用的材料不一致,已知不同遗传背景和光温条件影响光敏核不育基因的表达。因此,染色体定位结果有待确证。光敏核不育基因在染色体上定位的复杂性和不一致在某种程度上影响了基因克隆和光敏核不育分子机制的研究。无论光敏核不育性的遗传机制如何复杂,上述结果     

籼型光敏核不育水稻育性可转换性的基因定位和基因互作研究

本研究以来源于农垦58S的籼型光敏核不育系培矮64S(短日条件下育性难转换)和8902S(短日条件下育性易转换)及其F１、F２群体为材料,通过短日不同光温和不同生态条件4种处理,利用RFLP分子标记研究了影响光敏核不育水稻在短日条件下的育性可转换性的遗传、基因定位和基因互作,主要结果表明：影响光敏核不育水稻的育性可转换性表现为微效基因的作用,定位了7个控制光敏核不育水稻的育性可转换性QTL,即S2、S3a、S3b、S5、S8和S10。揭示了基因互作真实存在于光敏核不育水稻中,基因互作形式和互作类型对光敏核不育水稻的育性可转换性的影响表现多种多样,不同类型的基因互作所解释的遗传变异处于2.15%～10.07%之间。     

新版教材中问题解答3则

1　什么叫两系法杂交水稻我国是世界上第 1个将杂交优势应用于水稻生产的国家。袁隆平于 196 4年开始水稻杂交优势的应用研究 ,于 1973年实现籼型三系 (不育系、保持系和恢复系 )配套 ,而两系法杂交水稻中的不育系则是一种光敏型核雄性不育类型。所谓光敏型核雄性不育是指雄蕊育性对光照敏感 ,在夏季长日照下表现为雄性不育 ,在秋季短日照下雄性又可育。有研究表明 ,在短日照下光感核不育基因不表达 ,但在穗分化期的任何阶段给予长日照 ,该基因即可表达 ,只有从第 2次枝梗原始体分化期开始 ,持续给予长日照花粉才彻底败育 ,由此可见从第 2次…     

光（温）敏核雄性不育水稻的光周期与温度反应特性及其发育遗传规律

籼型光（温）敏不育稻均为温敏不育系,它们与粳型光敏不育稻结实的最适温度范围均较狭,两者的雄性细胞均较脆弱易受异常温度及长光为害,花药中有蛋白质组分不能转译,光敏不育性与感光性不能分开;光敏不育性的遗传是由2对独立的隐性不育基因控制,与其对应的2对恢复基因在粳稻、籼稻和爪哇稻中普遍存在,部分常规稻中原已存在1对隐性不育基因,农垦58S产生于农垦58一个基因位点的隐性光敏突变,控制农垦58S不育的2对隐性基因中来源于农垦58的1对即为与BT型水稻等位的不育基因。     

水稻籼粳杂种生殖障碍的基因定位分析

籼稻(Oryza sativa L.ssp.indica)与粳稻(O.sativa ssp.japonica)杂交优势明显但存在生殖隔离。生殖障碍主要表现为胚囊败育、花粉败育、开花时花药不开裂和雌雄异熟。应用具有137个标记位点的籼、粳杂交(“窄叶青8号”/“京系17”)F_1花药培养获得的127个双单倍体(DH)群体构建的RFLP图谱,对控制籼、粳杂种小穗败育的基因座位进行了定位研究。结果在第1、3、4、5、6、7、8、12染色体上检测到10个基因座位,其中第3、12染色体上的2个不育基因位点stj-3和stj-12与同一杂交组合F_2分离群体中发现的异常分离热点处于相同的染色体区段。Ssj-6的基因加性效应为负值,有增加籼、粳亲和性的作用;其余的不育基因座位皆有增加籼、粳杂种不育性的作用。     

上位性对光敏核不育水稻不育性不稳定性的影响

以来源于农垦５８Ｓ的籼型光敏核不育水稻（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｗａ Ｌ．）培矮６４Ｓ（长日低温下不育性稳定）和８９０２Ｓ（长日低温下不育性不稳定）及其人Ｆ１、Ｆ２群体为材料,通过长日低温和不同长日生态条件的７种处理,并结合ＲＦＬＰ分子标准记,研究了影响光敏核不育基因的育性不稳定性的遗传及其基因定位和基因互作对其育性不稳定性的影响。结果表明：影响光敏核不育基因的育性不稳定性表现为微效基因的作用,定位了     

粳稻特殊广亲和系GC13的遗传分析及利用研究

粳稻品种GCl3对亚种内亲和力弱,而对亚种间亲和力强,因此特称之为特殊广亲和系(Special wide compatibility variety,SWCV)。广亲和基因等住性和遗传规律研究结果表明,GCl3的广亲和性主效基因效应明显,同时受微效基因修饰,与已知的S7、S9、S15三个育性基因住点之一等位。GCl3可与培矮64S等籼型光敏核不育系配组育成亚种间杂交稻;GCl3是粳型恢复基因源,从其杂交后代中选育出的偏粳(K’)型或偏籼(H’)型通用恢复系GR209、GR220和GR238等,对“野败”、“矮败”等多种不育细胞质和培矮64S等光敏核不育系具有强恢复性,配制出的“三系”或“二系”杂交稻具有高产潜力和利用前景。     

农垦58S光敏不育基因突变位点的确定及pms3区间的进一步作图

光敏核不育水稻农垦 5 8S系由正常晚粳品种农垦 5 8自然突变产生 .以农垦 5 8S与农垦 5 8杂交F₂ 为材料作RFLP分析 ,确定了原始光敏不育基因突变位点为位于第 1 2染色体上的pms3,即由正常品种农垦 5 8变为光敏不育农垦 5 8S是pms3上基因突变的结果 .还对 (农垦 5 8S× 1 5 1 4)群体做了大量的RAPD和AFLP分析 ,找到并定位了 4个与pms3连锁的标记 ,增加了该区间的分子标记密度 .     

籼型光敏核不育水稻育性可转换性的基因定位和基因互作研究

本研究以来源于农垦58S的灿型光敏核不育系培矮64S（短日条件下育性难转换）和8902S（短日条件下育性蝗转换）及其F1,F2群体为材料,通过短日不同光温和不同生态条件4种处理,利用RFLP分子标记研究了影响光敏偿育水稻在短日条件下的育性可转换性的遗传,基因定位和基因互作,主要结果表明：影响光敏不育水稻的育性可转换性表现为微效基因的作用,定位了7个控制光敏核不育水稻的育性可转换性QTL,即S2,S3a,S3b,S5,S8和S10,揭示了基因互作真实存在于光敏核不育水稻中,基因互作形式和互作类型对光敏核不育水稻的育性可转换性的影响表现多种多样,不同类型的基因互作所解释的遗传变异处于2．15％－10．07％之间。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.