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1.
目的比较江西和上海儿童青少年生长发育差异及其影响因素。方法利用2000年全国学生体质调研数据,对江西和上海城乡6—22岁青少儿的身高、体重、BMI指数、肺活量体重指数等均值进行比较并作统计检验。结果上海学生体格发育水平明显好于江西学生,城、乡男生身高最大差距分别达7.6cm和10.7cm,城、乡女生身高最大差距分别为5.7cm和8.0cm;BMI指数显示上海学生身体充实度更好,但江西女生成年时体型相对粗壮;肺活量体重发育水平则上海学生显著低于江西学生。结论上海学生的青春期生长突增的开始时间早于江西学生,突增幅度大,增长时间也比后者长;而上海学生应加强户外活动以促进其肺功能。 相似文献
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大连学生体质发育的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
为了解大连地区城乡学生生长发育状况及其规律,采用人体测量学方法,调查测量了大连地区7—18岁3834(城市男630,城市女645,乡村男1285,乡村女1274)名汉族学生23项形态指标,并利用以往资料,研讨了大连学生主要形态指标的生长发育规律、生长发育趋势、性差和地区差别。结果表明:1生长发育特点:大连学生测量项目的均值随年龄的增长而增加,生长曲线呈上升趋势并且男女有交叉现象。2性差:大连学生各测量项目均有明显的性差,除女生青春期(10—12岁)外,在其他年龄组均为男生大于女生。3生长的长期变化:大连7—17岁男女学生26年来身高、体重、胸围有较大幅度的增长,其每10年平均增长值分别为2.52cm和1.92cm、4.05kg和2.39kg、1.77cm和1.38cm。4城乡差:大连男女学生身高、体重、胸围仍存在城乡差别。 相似文献
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本文报道了6~18岁1993名达斡尔族学生8项体质指标(身高、坐高、体重、肩宽、骨盆宽、胸围、腰围和臀围)的测量结果,并计算了10项体质指数。结果发现,达斡尔族在我国属体质发育较高的民族,并表现为一定的城乡差异;20多年来达斡尔族学生身高、体重、胸围全面增长,男女生身高最大增长年龄均提前约1岁左右,男生高年龄组身高和身体充实度增幅较大,但女生变化不大且肩宽和骨盆宽呈下降趋势。提示达斡尔族青少年体质发育表现为以生长突增提前为主的生长长期趋势,但女生高年龄组身高增长不明显、身体充实度有待提高,应采取营养和锻炼等措施促进其生长发育水平全面提高。 相似文献
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分析2014年7-18岁内蒙古汉族、蒙古族和日本学生身高及体质量最大发育年龄差异。汉族和蒙古族数据来自《2014年内蒙古自治区学生体质与健康调查研究》;日本数据来源于"平成26年(2014年)度体育与运动调查统计情报"。结果显示:7-18岁各年龄段汉族男女生身高分别比蒙古族高出1.98 cm和1.54 cm;高出日本2.59 cm和2.91 cm(P<0.05)。汉族男生体质量平均高出蒙古族1.97 kg、高出日本4.01 kg;汉族和蒙古族女生体质量分别比日本高出2.59 kg(P<0.05)和2.67 kg(P<0.05)。2014年内蒙古汉族和蒙古族学生身高和体质量发育水平优于日本学生。汉族男生身高最大发育年龄分别提前蒙古族和日本1.73岁和0.9岁;汉族和蒙古族男生体质量最大发育年龄分别比日本滞后1.17和1.07岁;日本女生身高最大发育年龄比汉族和蒙古族提前0.68岁和0.37岁。 相似文献
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山东省儿童青少年生长发育20年变化趋势 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
为了解近20年来山东省儿童青少年生长发育的变化趋势, 本文利用山东省1985年、1995年和2005年学生体质调研资料, 分析了7—18岁儿童青少年生长的长期变化。20年间, 7—18岁身高平均增长6.27cm(城男)、5.02cm(城女)、7.62cm(乡男)、5.69cm(乡女); 体重平均增长9.97kg(城男)、6.02kg(城女)、7.96kg(乡男)、4.87kg(乡女)。BMI明显增长, 7—18岁平均增长2.57kg/m2(城男)、1.46kg/m2(城女)、1.71kg/m2(乡男)、0.93kg/m2(乡女)。发育水平上的城乡差别依然存在, 但身高的城乡差别逐步缩小, 体重的城乡差别明显扩大。下肢长指数(身高—坐高)的增长幅度大于坐高的增长幅度。总之,1985—2005年的20年间,山东省7—18岁儿童青少年在身高、体重、BMI和身材比例等方面都发生了较大变化。 相似文献
6.
哈萨克族学生体质发育状况的10年比较分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
报道新疆阿勒泰地区1995年2589名城镇7—18岁哈萨克族(哈族)中小学生身高、体重、胸围、坐高、肩宽、骨盆宽6项体质发育指标的调查结果。男女生体质发育指标随年龄增加而增长,各项指标的年均增长值皆为男生大于女生。与1985年比较,哈族学生的身高、体重、胸围皆有不同程度增长。哈族男女生的身高突增年龄仍分别为14岁和10岁,但是其身高增长却不伴有相应比例的坐高增长,女生部分年龄组的肩宽和男女生各年龄组的骨盆宽呈现负增长,提示哈族学生的体型与10年前相比已经开始有所改变。 相似文献
7.
本文抽样测量会宁地区高一学生身高、体重、肱三头肌皮褶厚度, 肩胛下皮褶厚度, 腹部皮褶厚度, 分析BMI值, 估测身体密度, 计算体成分, 目的是分析会宁高一学生皮褶厚度和体成分发育规律和特点。结果发现, 调查对象主要存在问题是体重过低, 仅有2.96%男生和8.33%的女生处于超重状态。男女生身高、体重和身体质量指数随年龄增加而增加,整体状况好于甘肃省状况而低于全国状况。调查对象三个部位皮褶厚度值男生以16岁组, 女生以15岁组为最低; 男生三个部位皮褶厚度16岁组以前均呈递减趋势, 16岁以后呈上升趋势。男女生随年龄增加16岁以前体脂含量呈下降趋势, 16岁以后逐渐成上升趋势。男生肱三头肌和肩胛下联合部位体脂含量高于肱三头肌而低于肩胛下角部位体脂含量。男生去脂体重随年龄的增加而增加, 女生去脂体重随年龄增加变化趋势不明显, 但由联合部位皮褶厚度计算出来的去脂体重均最高。调查对象皮褶厚度百分位数男生P3, P5, P10高于全国正常值, 其余低于全国正常值; 女生14岁高于全国正常值, 其余均低于全国正常值,这说明会宁高一学生目前的体脂含量不高。结论认为, 调查结果符合青春期男孩和女孩的生长发育特征, 主要存在问题是体重过低。会宁高一学生男生主要以去脂体重增长为主, 女生主要以体脂增长为主。建议加强宣传教育, 加强体育锻炼, 养成良好的饮食和生活习惯, 增加膳食热量和优良蛋白质摄取。 相似文献
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本文分析了济南、青岛1962—2000年7—18岁儿童少年生长发育的长期变化趋势。38年间,济南市7—18岁男女生身高平均增长15 48cm(男)、12 09cm(女),体重平均增长15 76kg(男)、10 01kg(女),胸围平均增长7 88cm(男)、4 10cm(女);青岛市7—18岁男女生身高平均增长17 12cm(男)、13 19cm(女),体重平均增长16 98kg(男)、10 46kg(女),胸围平均增长6 72cm(男)、3 05cm(女)。青岛市男女生身高的增长幅度显著大于济南。 相似文献
9.
哈萨克族中小学生体质发育资料及身体发育指数分析 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
本文报告了新疆阿勒泰地区7—18岁哈萨克族中小学生体质发育的调查结果。重点分析3456名城镇哈萨克族学生的体质发育资料。体质发育调查指标包括身高、体重、胸围、坐高、肩宽、骨盆宽六项,其增长幅度及变异度皆以体重为大。哈萨克族学生的身高不论男女,在多数年龄组小于国内同龄汉族学生,而体重则多数年龄组大于国内同龄汉族。本文还分析了哈萨克族学生的六项身体发育指数。 相似文献
10.
身高、体重、颅容量等是反映人类身体大小,探讨人类体质特征、生长发育水平及营养健康状况的重要指标。本文采用公式推算法,对2011年在福建漳平奇和洞遗址出土的、距今约9500年的奇和洞II号女性个体的身高、体重、颅容量等身体大小特征进行了研究。结果显示,奇和洞II号的身高和体重约为160.3cm和59.9kg,在新石器时代成年女性个体中属于较高水平,同时高于福建地区现代成年女性的平均水平;颅容量约为1369m L,在新石器时代成年女性个体中处于中间水平。奇和洞II号较好的身体特征发育,提示处于更新世晚期向全新世过渡这一时期的奇和洞人可能具有较好的营养状况;与新、旧石器时代各组的比较显示,这一时期我国华南地区古人类身体大小、形状特征已经形成;我国南、北方地区人群身高、体重差异已经出现。 相似文献
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12.
Mary O. Hearst Kristin Biskeborn Mathew Christensen Carrie Cushing 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2013,21(1):E26-E32
Objective:
To investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among white and American Indian children in a predominantly rural state.Design and Methods:
Using a repeated, cross‐sectional design of school children's height and weight, the study sample included 361,352 measures of children who were 5.0–19.9 years, attending school across 13 academic calendar years. Trained staff measured height, weight, and recorded gender, age, and race. Data were voluntarily reported to the State Department of Health.Results:
American Indian children consistently had higher rates of overweight and obesity compared to white children. Across the years, 16.3% of white students were overweight, whereas 19.3% of American Indian students were overweight. In addition, 14.5% of white children were obese and 25.9% of American Indian children were obese. Examining by rural versus urban schools, prevalence of overweight had been increasing among white male and female students and American Indian female students living in rural areas. Obesity is also increasing among rural white females and male and female American Indian children.Conclusions:
The findings here suggest that although American Indian children are at higher risk, in general, compared to white children, rural populations in general are experiencing increases in childhood overweight and obesity. Targeted rural interventions beginning at an early age are necessary to improve the health of rural children, especially in American Indian communities. 相似文献13.
K Pakrasi P Dasgupta I Dasgupta P P Majumder 《Anthropologischer Anzeiger; Bericht über die biologisch-anthropologische Literatur》1988,46(1):1-16
This is the first comprehensive growth study of male children of Bengali parentage. The cross-sectional survey was undertaken in an urban high school situated in the north of the Metropolitan City of Calcutta during 1982 and 1983. The sample consisted of 815 healthy Bengali boys aged 7-16 years. In this paper, data on height, weight, and skinfold thicknesses are presented including patterns of change in these physical traits with increasing age. Mean values of height or weight of the boys--not representative for all school-going boys of Calcutta--are distinctly above the national standards given by the Indian Council of Medical Research. They are, however, shorter and lighter than the well-off boys of India but have a similar magnitude of subcutaneous fat on arm. Peak annual incremental growth in height and weight occurs in Bengali boys at 12-13 years and 14-15 years, respectively. This is about one year earlier than in the well-off Indian, British, or American boys. 相似文献
14.
E S Lai C L Yaung 《Proceedings of the National Science Council, Republic of China. Part B, Life sciences》1987,11(4):388-397
In order to understand the physical growth and sexual development of contemporary adolescents, a cross-sectional survey was conducted during the period September 1983 to May 1984. The population came from all the pupils from 4th grade up, and all the junior and senior high students of Changhua City. By using stratified cluster sampling, 1419 boys and 1599 girls participated, ranging in age from 8 to 19 years. Body weight and height were measured. Growth spurt is a unique event during adolescence. It is well shown in the distance curves and pseudo-velocity curves of body height and weight. In boys, the growth spurt of height spanned from 12.0 to 14.8 years, with peak height velocity (PHV) at 13.5 years. In girls it was from 10.0 to 12.6 years and peaked at 11.5 years. The growth spurt of weight occurred from 12.0 to 15.9 years in boys with peak weight velocity (PWV) at 14.5 years, while girls had a growth spurt at 10.0-12.7 years with PWV at 11.5 years. Girls entered into the growth spurt about 2 years earlier, and also entered into PHV, PWV, two and three years earlier respectively than boys, while boys had a more intense and longer growth during the growth spurt than girls. Between 10.0-13.0 years girls were taller than boys, and between 12.0-13.0 years they were heavier than boys. However, from 13.5 years onward girls were soon surpassed by boys both in height and weight. Growth in height after 16.5 years in boys and after 15.5 in girls was minimal. Growth in weight in boys also became minimal after 16.5 years while girls weight even dropped a little bit after 16.5 years. At the mean age of 17.5 years, boys were 168.1 cm, girls were 156.2 cm in average, boys being 12 cm taller than girls after reaching their final height. 相似文献
15.
OBJECTIVE--To compare proportions of low birthweight babies and mean heights of schoolchildren between rural and urban areas at different levels of social deprivation. DESIGN--Cross sectional population based study classifying cases by Townsend material deprivation index of enumeration district of residence and by rural areas, small towns, and large towns. SETTING--Northumberland Health District. SUBJECTS--18,930 singleton infants delivered alive during January 1985 to September 1990 and resident in Northumberland in October 1990; 9055 children aged 5 to 8 1/2 years attending Northumberland schools in the winter of 1989-90. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Odds ratios for birth weight less than 2800 g; difference in mean height measured by standard deviation (SD) score. RESULTS--Between the most deprived and most affluent 20% of enumeration districts the odds ratio for low birth weight adjusted for rural or urban setting was 1.71 (95% confidence interval 1.51 to 1.93) and the difference in mean height -0.232 SD score (-0.290 to -0.174). Between large towns and rural areas the odds ratio for low birth weight adjusted for deprivation was 1.37 (1.23 to 1.53) and the difference in mean height -0.162 SD score (-0.214 to -0.110). Results for small towns were intermediate between large towns and rural areas. CONCLUSIONS--Inequalities in birth weight and height exist in all rural and urban settings between deprived and affluent areas. In addition, there is substantial disadvantage to living in urban areas compared with rural areas which results from social or environmental factors unrelated to current levels of deprivation. 相似文献
16.
The purposes of the current study were: (1) to describe growth and physical development and establish norms for schoolchildren from Rostov region in Russia; (2) to compare major characteristics of development between urban and rural children by sex and age.Nearly 200,000 children (198,712) aged between 7 and 17 years from 232 urban and rural schools of Rostov region (Southern Federal District of Russia) participated in the study. School age is a period of intensive growth and physiological and psychological development. Irregularities of personal development are caused by a multitude of factors, such as sex differences, heredity, socio-economic status of a family, standard of living, particular environmental conditions, and lifestyle.It has been established that children from the Southern Federal District of Russia had body mass index values higher than age-appropriate norms for all Russians (Total Russian, Rudnev et al., 2014) and World Health Organization charts. Children from urban settings were taller and heavier than children from rural settings.Sex is one of the most influential factors which play key role in determining specific characteristics of growth and personal development. According to our results, boys and girls both had similar age-related changes in weight and height, but their respective dynamics differed. Girls’ height and weight values accelerated at the age 10 to 12 years and plateaued after the age fourteen, whereas in boys height and weight steadily increased with age, showing slight acceleration at the age 12 to 13 years, and reached a plateau by the age of seventeen. 相似文献
17.
Changes in the biological status of Polish girls from a rural region associated with economic and political processes in the period 1967-2001 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The age at menarche, body height and weight of the daughters of farmers, farmer-workers and landless villagers in a rural region of Poland were studied. In the period 1967-1977, a time of economic development, a decrease in age at menarche (by 0.74 years) and a secular trend in body height (by 2.4 cm/decade) was observed. In 1977-1987, a period of acute economic crisis, age at menarche increased by 0.16 years and the secular trend in body height was only 1.1 cm/decade. In 1987-2001, age at menarche decreased and body height increased by 0.28 years and 2.9 cm respectively. The percentage of families owning a car, freezer and video increased during this period. These last results are indicative of an improvement in living conditions, but the villagers regard themselves as losers as a result of the political transformation (1989) in Poland. 相似文献