中国植种蝇属（双翅目：花蝇科）四新种和二新记录

采用甘肃和陕西省的花蝇科植种蝇属四新种和二新记录,分别为瘦林植种蝇Botanophila angustisilva sp.nov.,分布于陕西省周至厚畛子,甘肃省县邱家坝,该种近似林植种蝇Botanophila silva(Suwa 1974),但新种雄前中鬓1－2对,背侧片无小毛;前缘刺缺如：股节和胫节黄色;第五腹板侧叶基半部具4－5根栉状粗鬓,其端半部具两根长鬓,肛尾叶和侧尾叶均细长,肛尾叶正中突较长等不同,龟叶植种蝇Botanophila chelonocerca sp.nov.,分布于甘肃省舟曲沙滩林场,康县清河,宕昌黄家路林场,该种近似于棘腹种植蝇Botanophila spinisternata (suwa,1974),但新种雄性触角芒为羽状,侧彦为触角宽的2倍,足全黑,后胫前背鬓2,肛尾叶的正 较长,末端呈菱形,侧尾叶较宽,端部圆,且向前方弯曲等不同,妙钳植种蝇Botanophila sanctiforceps sp.nov.,分布于甘肃省县邱家坝石崖子梁,该种近似于苦荬植种蝇Botanophila sonchi (hardy,1872),但新种雄颊高为眼高的1／7,前中鬓呈体毛状;前缘基鳞黑色;肛尾叶的正中突分叉等不同,拟暗植种蝇Botanophila subobscura sp.nov.,分布于甘肃省县邱家坝石崖子梁,该种近似于暗植种蝇Botanophila obscura (Zetterstedt 1845),但新种雄下眶鬓6－7对;背侧片具毛;第五腹板侧叶基部外侧具许多长鬃毛,肛尾叶正中突较长,同其下方的正中突略等长,肛尾叶后面的小叶和基缘均呈角形,侧尾叶后面观较宽,侧观观其端半部较长,后阳基侧突无毛等不同,中国新记录种为端栉植种蝇Botanophila guinlani(Ackland 1967),分布于云南省泸水片马;圆门植种蝇Botanophila rotundivalva(Ringdahl 1937),分布于陕西省留坝大洪渠,模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

青海花蝇科一新种（双翅目）

本文记述采自青海省花蝇科泉种蝇属一新种。单锥泉种蝇Ｐｅｇｏｈｙｌｅｍｙｉａ ｍｏｎｏｃｏｎｉｃａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．模式标本保存在中国科学院上海昆虫研究所。     

四川西部泉种蝇属三新种记述(双翅目：花蝇科)

四川西部泉种蝇属三新种记述（双翅目：花蝇科）邓安孝（华西医科大学寄生虫学教研室成都６１００４４）李岭,刘阳（华西医科大学临床医学系成都６１００４４）本文报道花蝇科泉种蝇属ＰｔｈｅｌｍｐｉａＳｃｈｎａｂｌ三新种均产于纸山山系,模式标本存于华西医科大学寄...     

云南省花蝇科二新种(双翅目：花蝇科)

记述采自云南省花蝇科2新种,即：（1）分布于云南省禄劝的黑腹地种蝇Delia nigriabdomi-nis sp.nov.,(2)颁上于云南泸水片马的匙叶蕨蝇Chirosia fortipispatula sp.nov.。前者雄性尾器近似梯叶地种蝇Delia quadrilateralis Fan et Zhong,1982,但新种雄性侧额邻接,下眶鬃10对,芒短羽状,口前缘稍突出于额前缘;盾片具5个黑条,肩后鬃 2,腹侧片鬃0 2;前缘刺缺如,平衡棒和腋瓣褐色;胫节褐色,跗节暗褐色,前胫后背鬃5-6根,3根后鬃和2根后腹鬃;腹部各背板呈煤黑色;肛尾叶端半部两侧具很长的鬃毛等不同,匙叶蕨蝇近似于黑足蕨蝇Chirosia nigripes Bezzi,1895,但新种雄性额宽,接近头宽的一半,为触角第3节长的2倍,间额黑色,为一侧额宽的4倍;上眶鬃3对;芒毛稍长;后头背区具毛;前缘刺长大;肩后鬃1 0;后股中部具2根前腹鬃;后胫后腹鬃1-2;腹部细长,呈棒状;第5腹板形状不同,雄性侧尾叶侧面观末端成圆形,后面观基部内侧有突起,模式标本保存于沈阳师范大学昆虫研究所。     

中国四川花蝇科三新种及—新记录种（双翅目：蝇总科）

报道采自中国四川西部花蝇科（Anthomyiidae）3新种：隰蝇属的乌亮隰蝇（Hydrophoria nigrinitida Feng,sp．nov．）;壮叶隰蝇（H．robustisurstylus Feng,sp．nov．）;泉蝇属的黑前足泉蝇（Pegomya nigripraepeda Feng,sp．nov．）。模式标本存在中国科学院上海生命科学研究院植物生理生态研究所。同时记录泉蝇属（Pegomya Robineau—Desvoidy,1830）的一中国新记录种：丽足泉蝇[Pegomya pulchripes（Loew,1857）]。     

四川省岷山地区花蝇科泉种蝇属四新种（双翅目;花蝇科）

本文记述四川省松潘县和茂汶县地区花蝇科泉种蝇属４新种,即蝶肛泉肿蝇Ｐｅｇｏｈｙｌｅｍｉａ ｐａｐｉｌｉｏｃｅｒｃａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。巨板泉种蝇Ｐｅｇｏｈｙｌｅｍｙｉａ ａｌｃａｅｃｅｒｃａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。角泉种蝇Ｐｅｇｏｈｙｌｅｍｙｉａ ｃｏｒｎｕｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．四尖泉种蝇Ｐｅｇｏｈｙｌｅｍｙｉａ ｔｅｔｒａｃｒｕｌａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。     

甘肃酒泉地区花蝇科二新种(双翅目)

作者之一于1983年间于酒泉地区采得花蝇科标本9种:1.骚花蝇 Anthomyia procellaris Rondani酒泉,1;2.葱地种蝇 Delia antiqua(Meigen)酒泉,1;3.灰地种蝇 Delia platura(Meigen)肃北,1;4.灰宽颊叉泉蝇 Eutrichota(Arctopegomyia)pallidoldtigena新种,肃 北,2;     

河南省泉种蝇属一新种：（双翅目：花蝇科）

本文记述河南省北部太行山区的花蝇科泉种蝇属一新种。模式标本保存在中国科学院上海昆虫研究所。突额泉种蝇Pegohylemyia convexifrons Fan,Chen et Chen,H.,新种(图1-3) :体长6-7mm。头长为头高的0.9倍;眼具疏短微毛;额等于或略宽于前单眼宽,间额黑,突出于侧额,向前扩展成很宽的三角形,色转红褐,侧额上端极狭,向前亦渐宽;间额鬃2对,稍短于单眼鬃,下眶鬃约8-10,在列外侧和列间尚杂有少数细毛,在下眶鬃列内侧的间额边缘每侧有一、二行不整齐共约十余个内倾鬃状毛和细毛;头前面粉被银白,但沿侧额内缘暗色;前额宽约为触角第三节的1.4倍,侧颜向下去明     

甘肃省地种蝇属（双翅目：花蝇科）三新种

记述采自甘肃省的花蝇科地种蝇属Dilia R-D三新种,分别为曲叶地种蝇D。ancylosurstyla sp.nov.,该种近似土耳其地种蝇D.turcica Hennig,1974,但新种雄复眼裸;无外方肩后鬃,前中鬃1－2对,粗壮;后股无后复鬃,第3,4腹板长形;侧尾叶侧面观较细长,端部明显变狭,其后面观中部明显变宽等不同;尖花地种蝇Delia apicifloralis sp.nov.,该种近似于拟萝卜地种蝇D.floraliformis Hennig,1974,但新种雄额狭,约等于前单眼宽;中胫前背鬃2,后背鬃2,后股前腹鬃和后腹鬃列完整而长大;第5腹板侧叶具6－7根粗大的强鬃,侧叶长于基部,肛尾叶侧缘平直,侧尾叶后面观其端部变狭等不;长芒地种蝇Delia longiarista sp.nov.,该种近似于北欧的Delia angustaeformis Ringdahl,1933,但新种雄额宽,为单眼宽的2倍,侧颜为触角宽的1．5倍,芒长羽状,最后芒毛为触角宽的1．3倍;前中鬃为2行刚毛状;第五腹板侧叶短;肛尾叶较长,侧尾叶端部不变狭等不同。模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

山西省地种蝇属一新种：双翅目：花蝇科

本文记述地种蝇属Ｄｅｌｉａ Ｒ．－Ｄ鞭阳地种蝇新种Ｄｅｌｉａ ｍａｓｔｉｇｏｐｈａｌｌａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．的形态特征,并与近缘种作了比较。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.