Lacinutrix jangbogonensis sp. nov., a psychrophilic bacterium isolated from Antarctic marine sediment and emended description of the genus Lacinutrix

A Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped and psychrophilic bacterial strain, PAMC 27137^T, was isolated from the marine sediment of the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Strain PAMC 27137^T was observed to grow at 4–10 °C, at pH 6.5–7.5 and in the presence of 2.5–4.0 % (w/v) sea salts. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain PAMC 27137^T belongs to the genus Lacinutrix showing the high similarities with Lacinutrix mariniflava JCM 13824^T (97.6 %) and Lacinutrix algicola JCM 13825^T (97.1 %). Genomic relatedness analyses based on the average nucleotide identity and the genome-to-genome distance showed that strain PAMC 27137^T is clearly distinguished from the most closely related Lacinutrix species. The major fatty acids (>5 %) were identified as iso-C_15:1 G (19.9 %), iso-C_15:0 (19.3 %), iso-C_17:0 3-OH (11.3 %), summed feature 9 (C_16:0 10-methyl and/or iso-C_17:1 ω9c as defined by MIDI, 9.1 %), iso-C_15:0 3-OH (7.5 %), and anteiso-C_15:1 A (5.8 %). The polar lipids were found to consist of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid, and five unidentified phospholipids. The major respiratory quinone was identified as MK-6. The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 32.1 mol%. Based on the data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain PAMC 27137^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Lacinutrix, for which the name Lacinutrix jangbogonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PAMC 27137^T (=KCTC 32573^T=JCM 19883^T).     

Luteimonas dalianensis sp. nov., an obligate marine bacterium isolated from seawater

A marine bacterial strain, designated OB44-3^T, was isolated from a crude oil-contaminated seawater sample collected near Dalian Bay, China. Cells of strain OB44-3^T were Gramnegative, aerobic, rod-shaped, and oxidase- and catalasepositive. The major fatty acids were branched-chain saturated iso-C_15:0 (27.9%) and unsaturated iso-C_17:1 ω9c (14.8%). The DNA G+C content was 64.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain OB44-3^T was a member of the genus Luteimonas (95–96% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity); its closest neighbors were the type strains of Luteimonas terricola (96% sequence similarity), Luteimonas mephitis (96%), and Luteimonas lutimaris (96%). On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain OB44-3^T was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Luteimonas. The name Luteimonas dalianensis sp. nov. is proposed, with strain OB44-3^T (=CGMCC 1.12191^T =JCM 18136^T) as the type strain.     

Bacillus thermophilum sp. nov., isolated from a microbial fuel cell

A novel thermophilic, Gram-staining positive bacterium, designated DX-2^T, was isolated from the anode biofilm of a microbial fuel cell. Cells of the strain were oxidase positive, catalase positive, facultative anaerobic, motile rods. The isolate grew at 30–60 °C (optimum 50 °C) and pH 5–9 (optimum pH 8–8.5). The pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities showed that strain DX-2^T was most closely related to Bacillus fumarioli LMG 17489^T (96.2 %), B. firmus JCM 2512^T (96.0 %) and B. foraminis DSM 19613^T (95.7 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-2^T formed a cluster with B. smithii (95.5 %) and B. infernus (94.9 %). The genomic G+C content of DX-2^T was 43.7 mol%. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and unknown phospholipids. The major cellular fatty acid was iso-C_16:0. Based on its phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic features, and results of phylogenetic analysis, the strain was identified to represent a distinct novel species in the genus Bacillus, and the name proposed is B. thermophilum sp. nov. The type strain is DX-2^T (=CCTCC AB2012194^T = KCTC 33128^T).     

Thalassobius aquaeponti sp. nov., an alphaproteobacterium isolated from seawater

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped or ovoid bacterial strain, GJSW-22^T, which was isolated from seawater at Geoje island in South Korea, was characterized taxonomically. Strain GJSW-22^T was observed to grow optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. In the neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain GJSW-22^T grouped with the type strains of Thalassobius species, forming a stable cluster with the type strain of Thalassobius aestuarii (bootstrap value of 83.2 %). Strain GJSW-22^T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value (98.0 %) to the type strain of T. aestuarii. It exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 95.6–96.1 % to the type strains of the other Thalassobius species. Strain GJSW-22^T was found to contain Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C_18:1 ω7c and 11-methyl C_18:1 ω7c as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain GJSW-22^T were identified as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G + C content of strain GJSW-22^T is 60.3 mol % and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness value with the type strain of T. aestuarii was 23 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, confirmed that strain GJSW-22^T is distinct from other Thalassobius species. On the basis of the data presented, strain GJSW-22^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Thalassobius, for which the name Thalassobius aquaeponti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GJSW-22^T (=KCTC 42115^T = NBRC 110378^T).     

Gordonibacter faecihominis sp. nov., isolated from human faeces

A novel actinobacterial strain, designated CAT-2^T, was isolated from human faeces as a bacterium capable of dehydroxylating (+)-catechin derivatives. Strain CAT-2^T was found to be strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming coccobacilli. The major fatty acids were identified as C_16:0 DMA (dimethy acetal), C_16:0, C_14:0, anteiso-C_15:0 and iso-C_14:0. The three predominant menaquinones were identified as MK-6 (menaquinene-6), MMK-6 (monomethylmenaquinone-6) and DMMK-6 (dimethylmenaquinone-6). The polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and four unidentified glycolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain CAT-2^T was 68.4 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities showed that strain CAT-2^T belongs to the genus Gordonibacter, sharing the highest level of sequence homology with Gordonibacter pamelaeae DSM 19378^T (97.3 %). Combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics support the conclusion that the strain CAT-2^T represents a novel species, for which the name Gordonibacter faecihominis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAT-2^T (= KCTC 15204^T = JCM 16058^T).     

Mariniflexile ostreae sp. nov., a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from an oyster

A Gram-negative, aerobic, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain able to move by gliding, designated TYO-10^T, was isolated from an oyster collected at Tongyoung on the South Sea, South Korea. Strain TYO-10^T was found to grow optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain TYO-10^T joined the cluster comprising the type strains of Mariniflexile species. Strain TYO-10^T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 95.4–95.7 % to the type strains of Mariniflexile species and of less than 95.4 % to the type strains of other recognized species. Strain TYO-10^T was found to contain MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C_15:0, iso-C_15:1 G, anteiso-C_15:0, iso-C_17:0 3-OH and iso-C_15:0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain TYO-10^T were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified lipid, which is similar to those of the type strains of Mariniflexile species, but different from those of other phylogenetically related species. The DNA G+C content of strain TYO-10^T was determined to be 35.9 mol%. The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain TYO-10^T is separated from other Mariniflexile species. On the basis of the data presented, strain TYO-10^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Mariniflexile, for which the name Mariniflexile ostreae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TYO-10^T (= KCTC 42113^T = CECT 8622^T).     

Bizionia psychrotolerans sp. nov., a psychrophilic bacterium isolated from the intestine of a sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus)

A novel Gram-negative, non-flagellated, non-gliding, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated PB-M7^T, was isolated from the intestine of a sea cucumber collected from Pohang, South Korea. Growth was observed at 4–30 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0–8.0), and with 2.0–6.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.0 %). In a phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain PB-M7^T was found to belong to the genus Bizionia and to be most closely related to Bizionia echini KMM 6177^T (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bizionia hallyeonensis T-y7^T (97.9 %), Bizionia algoritergicola APA-1^T (97.5 %), Bizionia argentinensis JUB59^T (97.5 %) and Bizionia myxarmorum ADA-4^T (97.1 %). The predominant fatty acids of strain PB-M7^T were identified as iso-C_15:0 (22.2 %), iso-C_15:1 G (10.8 %), iso-C_17:0 3-OH (16.7 %) and summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c; 11.2 %). The major respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone-6 (MK-6). The polar lipid profile of strain PB-M7^T was found to contain phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, three unidentified aminolipids and three unidentified lipids. The DNA G + C content of strain PB-M7^T was determined to be 33.4 mol% and the mean DNA–DNA relatedness values with the type strains of B. echini, B. hallyeonensis, B. algoritergicola, B. argentinensis, and B. myxarmorum were 52.9, 48.5, 46.5, 37.1 and 26.6 %, respectively. Based on the data presented, strain PB-M7^T represents a novel species of the genus Bizionia, for which the name Bizionia psychrotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of B. psychrotolerans is PB-M7^T (= KCCM 43042 ^T = JCM 19924 ^T).     

Motiliproteus sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment

A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-to-spiral-shaped, oxidase- and catalase- positive and facultatively aerobic bacterium, designated HS6^T, was isolated from marine sediment of Yellow Sea, China. It can reduce nitrate to nitrite and grow well in marine broth 2216 (MB, Hope Biol-Technology Co., Ltd) with an optimal temperature for growth of 30–33 °C (range 12–45 °C) and in the presence of 2–3 % (w/v) NaCl (range 0.5–7 %, w/v). The pH range for growth was pH 6.2–9.0, with an optimum at 6.5–7.0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel isolate was 93.3 % similar to the type strain of Neptunomonas antarctica, 93.2 % to Neptunomonas japonicum and 93.1 % to Marinobacterium rhizophilum, the closest cultivated relatives. The polar lipid profile of the novel strain consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and some other unknown lipids. Major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c/iso-C_15:0 2-OH), C_18:1 ω7c and C_16:0 and the main respiratory quinone was Q-8. The DNA G+C content of strain HS6^T was 61.2 mol %. Based on the phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain HS6^T represents a novel genus and species and the name Motiliproteus sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is HS6^T (=ATCC BAA-2613^T=CICC 10858^T).     

Bacillus haikouensis sp. nov., a facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium isolated from a paddy soil

A Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and facultatively anaerobic halotolerant bacterium, designated as C-89^T, was isolated from a paddy field soil in Haikou, Hainan Province, People’s Republic of China. Optimal growth was observed at 37 °C and pH 7.0 in the presence of 4 % NaCl (w/v). The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-7, the major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C_15:0 and iso-C_15:0, and the major cellular polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. The peptidoglycan type was determined to be based on meso-DAP. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were identified as Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124^T (98.8 % sequence similarity), Bacillus aquimaris JCM 11545^T (98.6 %) and Bacillus marisflavi JCM 11544^T (98.5 %). The DNA G+C content of strain C-89^T was determined to be 45.4 mol%. The DNA–DNA relatedness values of strain C-89^T with its closest relatives were below 18 %. Therefore, on the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic results, strain C-89^T can be considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus haikouensis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is C-89^T (=KCTC 33545^T = CCTCC AB 2014076^T).     

Nitratireductor shengliensis sp. nov., Isolated from an Oil-Polluted Saline Soil

Two Gram-negative, non-motile, short-rod-shaped bacterial isolates, designated 110399^T and 110248, were isolated from an oil-polluted saline soil in Shengli Oilfield, Eastern China. The two strains shared 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the DNA–DNA relatedness value being 80.0 %. They were both capable to grow at 20–40 °C, pH 7–9, and 1–9 % (w/v) NaCl with the optimum growth happened at 30 °C, pH 8, and 2–6 % (w/v) NaCl. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the two strains were members of Nitratireductor and most closely related to Nitratireductor pacificus pht-3B^T and N. basaltis J3^T with the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities being 97.1 and 97.0 %. The DNA–DNA relatedness between the novel strains and two type strains were below 27 ± 7 %. The strains 110399^T and 110248 also differed from N. pacificus and N. basaltis in nitrate reduction, salt tolerance, enzyme activities, and utilization of carbon sources. The major cellular fatty acids of strain 110399^T were C_19:0ω8c cyclo (10.5 %) and Summed Feature 8 (C_18:1ω7c and/or C_18:1ω6c, 41.5 %) which are typical in the genus Nitratireductor. The predominant ubiquinone was Q-10. The genome DNA G+C content of strain 110399^T and 110248 was 61.1 and 61.7 mol%. On the basis of genetic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic analyses, strains 110399^T and 110248 represent a novel species within the genus Nitratireductor, for which the name Nitratireductor shengliensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 110399^T (=CGMCC 1.12519^T = LMG 27405^T).     

Flavobacterium ahnfeltiae sp. nov., a new marine polysaccharide-degrading bacterium isolated from a Pacific red alga

A Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain 10Alg 130^T, that displayed the ability to destroy polysaccharides of red and brown algae, was isolated from the red alga Ahnfeltia tobuchiensis. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the novel strain within the genus Flavobacterium, the type genus of the family Flavobacteriaceae, the phylum Bacteroidetes, with sequence similarities of 96.2 and 95.7 % to Flavobacterium jumunjiense KCTC 23618^T and Flavobacterium ponti CCUG 58402^T, and 95.3–92.5 % to other recognized Flavobacterium species. The prevalent fatty acids of strain 10Alg 130^T were iso-C_15:0, iso-C_15:0 3-OH, iso-C_17:0 3-OH, C_15:0 and iso-C_17:1ω9c. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids and three unknown lipids. The DNA G+C content of the type strain was 34.3 mol%. The new isolate and the type strains of recognized species of the genus Flavobacterium could strongly be distinguished by a number of phenotypic characteristics. A combination of the genotypic and phenotypic data showed that the algal isolate represents a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium ahnfeltiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 10Alg 130^T (=KCTC 32467^T = KMM 6686^T).     

Loktanella aestuariicola sp. nov., an alphaproteobacterium isolated from a tidal flat

A Gram-stain negative, aerobic, non-motile and coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, J-TF4^T, which was isolated from a tidal flat in the South Sea of South Korea, was characterized taxonomically. Strain J-TF4^T was found to grow optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in presence of 2.0–3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. In the neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain J-TF4^T fell within the clade comprising the type strains of Loktanella species, clustering with the type strains of Loktanella cinnabarina, Loktanella hongkongensis, Loktanella soesokkakensis, Loktanella pyoseonensis and ‘Loktanella variabilis’ showing sequence similarity values of 97.2–98.4 %. The strain exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 94.1–95.4 % to the type strains of the other Loktanella species. Strain J-TF4^T was found to have Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C_18:1 ω7c as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids of strain J-TF4^T were identified as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified aminolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain J-TF4^T was determined to be 67.9 mol% and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness values with the type strains of five phylogenetically related Loktanella species were 17.7–23.3 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic data, demonstrate that strain J-TF4^T is separated from other Loktanella species. On the basis of the data presented, strain J-TF4^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Loktanella, for which the name Loktanella aestuariicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is J-TF4^T (=KCTC 42135^T=NBRC 110408^T).     

Cohnella humi sp. nov., Isolated from Russian Soil

A Gram-positive, catalase and oxidase positive, rod-shaped bacteria, and spore-forming, designated as J20-3^T was isolated from a peat soil, collected near a coal mine at Prokopyevsk, (GPS; N53°52′51″, E86°43′39″) Kemerovo Oblast, Russia. A polyphasic taxonomy study using phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genotypic method was performed to characterize strain J20-3^T. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain J20-3^T represented a novel subline within the genus Cohnella in the family Paenibacillaceae. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain J20-3^T showed 93.7–97.2 % similarity levels with other Cohnella species. Strain J20-3^T exhibited relatively low level of DNA–DNA hybridization value with type strains KACC 11643^T (40 %), KACC 11771^T (37.5 %), and KACC 15372^T (30.5 %). The strain showed typical chemotaxonomic characteristic of the genus Cohnella, with the presence of predominant respiratory quinone MK-7; major fatty acids are C_15:0, C_16:0, iso, and C_16:0. The DNA G+C content of the strain J20-3^T was 56.3 mol%. The polar lipid profile of the strain J20-3^T included major amount of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphoatidylethanolamine. On the basis of its phenotypic and genotypic properties, and its phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain J20-3^T should be classified as a novel species in the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella humi sp. nov. is proposed.     

Pelagibaca abyssi sp. nov., of the family Rhodobacteraceae,isolated from deep-sea water

A Gram-stain negative, oval-shaped, aerobic, catalase and oxidase-positive bacterium, designated JLT2014^T, was isolated from a deep-seawater sample (obtained at a 2,000 m depth) of the Southeastern Pacific Ocean. The dominant fatty acids were identified as C_18:1ω7c/C_18:1ω6c, C_16:0 and C_10:0 3-OH, which altogether represented 60.1 % of the total. The predominant respiratory quinone was identified as Q-10. The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 66.4 mol %. The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the novel isolate can be affiliated with the Roseobacter clade within the family Rhodobacteraceae. Strain JLT2014^T exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value to Pelagibaca bermudensis HTCC2601^T (sequence similarity value: 97.6 %). The DNA–DNA relatedness value between strain JLT2014^T and P. bermudensis HTCC2601^T was 46.9 ± 2 %. Based on phenotypic properties and phylogenetic analysis, the name Pelagibaca abyssi sp. nov. is proposed, with JLT2014^T(=LMG 27363^T=CGMCC 1.12376^T) as the type strain.     

Litoribrevibacter albus gen. nov. sp. nov., isolated from coastal seawater,Fujian province,China

A Gram-stain negative, short rod-shaped aerobic bacterium with flagella, designated strain Y32^T, was isolated from coastal seawater in Xiamen, Fujian Province of China. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that strain Y32^T is a member of the family Oceanospirillaceae, forming a distinct lineage with species of the genus Litoribacillus. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain Y32^T and other strains were all less than 94.0 %. Strain Y32^T was found to grow optimally at 28 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 4–5 % (w/v) NaCl. The major fatty acids were identified as Summed Feature 3 (comprising C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c, 49.4 %), C_16:0 (17.7 %), C_14:0 (6.9 %) and C_18:1 ω9c (5.4 %). The major respiratory quinone was identified as ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). The major polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content of strain Y32^T was determined to be 55.6 mol%. According to its morphology, physiology, fatty acid composition, polar lipids composition and 16S rRNA gene sequence data, strain Y32^T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Oceanospirillaceae, for which the name Litoribrevibacter albus gen. nov. sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Litoribrevibacter albus is Y32^T (=MCCC 1F01211^T=NBRC 110071^T).     

Ochrovirga pacifica gen. nov., sp. nov., A Novel Agar-Lytic Marine Bacterium of the Family Flavobacteriaceae Isolated From A Seaweed

A strain designated as S85^T was isolated from a seaweed collected from coastal area of Chuuk State in Micronesia. The strain was gram-negative, rod-shaped, and non-motile and formed yellow colonies on the SWY agar (0.2 % yeast extract and 1.5 % agar in seawater) and Marine agar 2216. The strain grew at pH 5–9 (optimum, pH 8), at 15–40 °C (optimum, 25–28 °C), and with 1–9 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3 %). The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain S85^T was related to Lutibacter litoralis CL-TF09^T and Maritimimonas rapanae A31^T with 91.4 % and with 90.5 % similarity, respectively. The dominant fatty acids were iso-C_15:0, iso-C_15:0 3-OH and iso-C_17:0 3-OH, C_16:0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c and/or iso-C_15:0 2-OH). The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-6. The DNA G+C content of the type strain was 34.6 mol %. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, an unknown glycolipid and two unknown polar lipids. Based on this polyphasic taxonomic data, strain S85^T stands for a novel species of a new genus, and we propose the name Ochrovirga pacifica gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of O. pacifica is S85^T (=KCCM 90106 =JCM 18327^T).     

Clostridium swellfunianum sp. nov., a novel anaerobic bacterium isolated from the pit mud of Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production

A novel Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain S11-3-10^T, was isolated from the pit mud used for Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the strain formed a monophyletic clade with the closely related type strains of Clostridium cluster I and was most closely related to Clostridium amylolyticum JCM 14823^T (94.38 %). The temperature, pH, and NaCl range for growth was determined to be 20–45 °C (optimum 37 °C), 4.0–10.0 (optimum pH 7.3), and 0–3.0 % (w/v), respectively. The strain was able to tolerate up to 7.5 % (v/v) ethanol. Yeast extract or peptone was found to be required for growth. Acids were found to be produced from glucose, mannose and trehalose. The major end products from glucose fermentation were identified as ethanol, acetate and hydrogen. The polar lipids were found to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified phospholipids and polar lipids. The major fatty acids (>5 %) were identified as iso-C_15:0, C_16:0, C_16:0 dma, C_14:0, anteiso-C_15:0 and iso-C_13:0. No respiratory quinone was detected. The diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars were found to include galactose and glucose as major components. The DNA G+C content was determined to be 36.4 mol%. Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic evidence, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Clostridium for which the name Clostridium swellfunianum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S11-3-10^T (=DSM 27788^T = JCM 19606^T = CICC 10730^T).     

Mzabimyces algeriensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a halophilic filamentous actinobacterium isolated from a Saharan soil,and proposal of Mzabimycetaceae fam. nov.

Three halophilic mycelium-forming actinobacteria, strains H195^T, H150 and H151, were isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-isguen in the Mzab region (Ghardaïa, South of Algeria) and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterisation. These strains were observed to show an aerial mycelium differentiated into coccoid spore chains and fragmented substrate mycelium. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the highest sequence similarities were to Saccharopolyspora qijiaojingensis YIM 91168^T (92.02 % to H195^T). Phylogenetic analyses showed that the strains H195^T, H150 and H151 represent a distinct phylogenetic lineage. The cell-wall hydrolysate was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the diagnostic whole-cell sugars were identified as arabinose and galactose. The major cellular fatty acids were identified as iso-C_15:0, iso-C_16:0, iso-C_17:0 and anteiso-C_17:0. The diagnostic phospholipid detected was phosphatidylcholine and MK-9 (H₄) was found to be the predominant menaquinone. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain H195^T was 68.2 mol%. On the basis of its phenotypic features and phylogenetic position, we propose that strain H195^T represents a novel genus and species, Mzabimyces algeriensis gen. nov., sp. nov., within a new family, Mzabimycetaceae fam. nov. The type strain of M. algeriensis is strain H195^T (=DSM 46680^T = MTCC 12101^T).