Trichoderma mienum sp. nov., isolated from mushroom farms in Japan

During an investigation of Hypocrea/Trichoderma species inhabiting mushroom bedlogs, we found five strains of an undescribed species from a culture collection. These were analyzed using a combined approach, including morphology of holomorph, cultural studies, and phylogenetic analyses of the rRNA gene cluster of the internal transcribed spacer region, translation elongation factor 1-α, and RNA polymerase subunit II gene sequences. Distinctive morphological characters include stromata with green ascospores produced on potato dextrose agar medium, and Gliocladium-like to irregularly Verticillium-like conidiophores. In phylogenetic analyses, this species belongs to the Semiorbis clade, but its morphological characteristics do not match the other members of this clade. Based on morphological observations and phylogenetic analyses, we describe this as a new species, Trichoderma mienum, representing its Hypocrea teleomorph and Trichoderma anamorph.     

Hypocrea crystalligena sp. nov., a common European species with a white-spored Trichoderma anamorph

The new species Hypocrea crystalligena (Hypocreales, Ascomycota, Fungi) is described as a holomorph and characterized based on an integrated phenotypic and phylogenetic approach, using teleomorph and anamorph morphologies, culture studies and analyses of phylogenetic markers including internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 (ITS1 and 2), two last introns of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha encoding gene (tef1), and a portion of the rpb2 gene, encoding the second largest RNA polymerase subunit. Stromata of H. crystalligena show similarities with those of species from Trichoderma sect. Trichoderma but differ in several respects, including color, presence of white crystals on the surface and small ascospores. Colonies on CMD appear distinct, form colorless to white crystals on isolation, a yellowish to brown pigment and an anamorph with hyaline conidia exhibiting verticillium-like to gliocladium-like structural elements. ITS1 and 2 sequences exhibit all genus-specific features but also contain several unique hallmarks permitting development of a species-diagnostic barcode. Based on the analyses of partial rpb2 and tef1 sequences, H. crystalligena constitutes a separate evolutionary lineage with H. megalocitrina and H. psychrophila as its nearest neighbors. All these species form one phylogenetic clade with the H. pulvinata/H. citrina node.     

Vanderwaltozyma verrucispora sp. nov., a new ascomycetous yeast species

A new yeast species, Vanderwaltozyma verrucispora , is proposed in this study based on two strains isolated from partially decayed leaves in Japan and one strain from soil in Taiwan. The species is characterized by the fermentation of glucose and galactose, formation of one to four spheroidal to ellipsoidal ascospores with warty surfaces in each ascus, and assimilation of a few carbon and nitrogen compounds. Genus assignment and distinction of the species from the other two recognized species of Vanderwaltozyma is based on the morphological and physiological characteristics, and phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene. From these comparisons, the name V. verrucispora sp. nov. is proposed. Sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domains of the LSU rRNA gene reveals that the phylogenetically closest relative of V. verrucispora is Vanderwaltozyma yarrowii . The type strain of the new species, which was isolated from a partially decayed leaf in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, is NBRC 1884^T (=CBS 10887^T=BCRC 23141^T).     

Eight new species of the genus Micromonospora, Micromonospora citrea sp. nov., Micromonospora echinaurantiaca sp. nov., Micromonospora echinofusca sp. nov. Micromonospora fulviviridis sp. nov., Micromonospora inyonensis sp. nov., Micromonospora peucetia sp. nov., Micromonospora sagamiensis sp. nov., and Micromonospora viridifaciens sp. nov

A previous phylogenetic study on type strains of the genus Micromonospora and Micromonospora species bearing non-validly published names has pointed towards the species status of several of latter strains. Subsequent studies on morphological, cultural, chemotaxonomic, metabolic, and genomic properties, and on whole cell mass spectrometric analyses by matrix adsorbed laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) confirmed the species status, leading to the proposal of eight new Micromonospora species: Micromonospora citrea sp. nov., type strain DSM 43903T, Micromonospora echinaurantiaca sp. nov., type strain DSM 43904T, Micromonospora echinofusca sp. nov., type strain DSM 43913T, Micromonospora fulviviridis sp. nov., type strain DSM 43906T, Micromonospora inyonensis sp. nov., type strain DSM 46123T, Micromonospora peucetia sp. nov., type strain DSM 43363T, Micromonospora sagamiensis sp. nov., type strain DSM 43912T and Micromonospora viridifaciens sp. nov., type strain DSM 43909T.     

Craterellus indicus sp. nov., a new species associated with Cedrus deodara from the western Himalayas, India

Craterellus indicus is proposed here as a new species, resulting from a morphological and molecular study on the diversity of Cantharellaceae in the western Himalayan region of India. The species is characterized by a pale brownish to creamish pileus and a smooth to folded hymenium that is distinctly detached from the stipe apex. There are no clamp connections. The combination of characters makes this species distinct from other known species of Craterellus. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of partial large subunit (LSU) and the ITS region of the nuclear ribosomal operon supports its position as a new species.     

Cupriavidus alkaliphilus sp. nov., a new species associated with agricultural plants that grow in alkaline soils

A group of 20 bacterial strains was isolated from the rhizosphere of different agricultural plants growing in alkaline soils in the northeast of Mexico. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence from four strains showed that this novel group belonged to the Cupriavidus genus, with C. taiwanensis (～98.9%) and C. necator (～98.8%) as the closest species. However, DNA-DNA reassociation values were less than 20%. The novel group did not fix nitrogen and lacked nifH and nodA genes, unlike C. taiwanensis. Whole-cell protein patterns were highly similar among the 20 strains but different from the closest Cupriavidus species. BOX-PCR patterns were distinct among the 20 strains but also differed from other Cupriavidus type species. The major cellular fatty acids from strains ASC-732(T) and SLV-2362 were C(16:0), C(18:1) ω7c/12t/9t and C(16:1) ω7c and/or C(15:0) iso 2OH. The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin, phosphatidylethanolamine, 2-hydroxylated-phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown aminolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain ASC-732(T) was 66.8mol%. All 20 strains grew in the presence of 5-10mgmL(-1) arsenic, 1mgmL(-1) zinc, and 0.1mgmL(-1) copper. Consequently, the group of strains was considered to represent a novel species for which the name Cupriavidus alkaliphilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ASC-732(T) (=LMG 26294(T)=CIP 110330(T)).     

Actinoplanes capillaceus sp. nov., a new species of the genus Actinoplanes

Two motile actinomycete strains, K95–5561^T and K95–5562, were isolated from a soil sample collected at Sayama City, Saitama Prefecture, Japan. They produced bell shaped spore vesicles (sporangia) with hairy surfaces on substrate hyphae. When released into water, the sporangiospores became motile by a tuft of polar flagella. The chemotaxonomic and morphological characteristics together with 16S rRNA gene sequence data indicated that the two isolates belonged to the genus Actinoplanes. The two strains were assigned to a single species on the basis of phenotypic, notably cultural, morphological and physiological characteristics, and DNA-DNA pairing data. The two strains were distinguished from representatives of all validly described species of Actinoplanes using a combination of genotypic and phenotypic properties. It is, therefore, proposed that strains K95–5561 and K95–5562 be recognized as a new species of the genus Actinoplanes with the name Actinoplanes capillaceus sp. nov. The type strain of the species is strain K95–5561^T (=JCM 10268^T =IFO 16408^T). The invalidly proposed species `Ampullariella cylindrica', `Ampullariella pekinensis' and `Ampullariella pilifera' were assigned to Actinoplanes capillaceus on the basis of genotypic and phenotypic data.     

Periconia variicolor sp. nov., a new species from Puerto Rico

Periconia variicolor was isolated from water of an evaporation pond used for salt production on the southwestern coast of Puerto Rico. On the basis of cultural and morphological characteristics and ITS sequence it is describe as a new species of Periconia.     

Arcobacter molluscorum sp. nov., a new species isolated from shellfish

Nineteen bacteria isolates recovered from shellfish samples (mussels and oysters) showed a new and specific 16S rDNA-RFLP pattern with an Arcobacter identification method designed to recognize all species described up to 2008. These results suggested that they could belong to a new species. ERIC-PCR revealed that the 19 isolates belonged to 3 different strains. The sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of a representative strain (F98-3^T) showed 97.6% similarity with the closest species Arcobacter marinus followed by Arcobacter halophilus (95.6%) and Arcobacter mytili (94.7%). The phylogenetic analysis with the16S rRNA, rpoB, gyrB and hsp60 genes placed the shellfish strains within the same cluster as the three species mentioned (also isolated from saline habitats) but they formed an independent phylogenetic line. The DDH results between strain F98-3^T and A. marinus (54.8% ± 1.05), confirmed that it represents a new species. Several biochemical tests differentiated the shellfish isolates from all other Arcobacter species. Although the new species was different from A. mytili, they shared not only the same habitat (mussels) but also the characteristic of being so far the only Arcobacter species that are simultaneously negative for urea and indoxyl acetate hydrolysis. All results supported the classification of the shellfish strains as a new species, for which the name Arcobacter molluscorum sp. nov. with the type strain F98-3^T is proposed (=CECT 7696^T = LMG 25693^T).     

Phytophthora austrocedrae sp. nov., a new species associated with Austrocedrus chilensis mortality in Patagonia (Argentina)

Phytophthora austrocedrae is a new species isolated from necrotic lesions of stem and roots of Austrocedrus chilensis. It is a homothallic species characterized by semipapillate sporangia, oogonia with amphigynous antheridia, and very slow growth (1–2 mm d⁻¹ on V-8 agar at 17.5 °C optimum temperature). Phylogenetic analysis of ITS rDNA sequence indicates that its closest relative is Phytophthora syringae, another species frequently isolated from soil and streams in A. chilensis forests.     

Herminiimonas aquatilis sp. nov., a new species from drinking water

A bacterial strain (CCUG 36956T) isolated from drinking water was taxonomically studied in detail. Phylogenetic analyses using the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate indicated that it belongs to family Oxalobacteraceae of the beta-subclass of the Proteobacteria, with the highest sequence similarity of 99.3% to the type strain of Herminiimonas fonticola. In the polyamine pattern putrescine and 2-hydroxyputrescine were the predominant compounds. In the polar lipid profile major compounds were phosphatidyl ethanolamine and diphosphatidyl glycerol. Phosphatidyl glycerol and an unknown phospholipid were detected in moderate proportions. The major respiratory quinone was a ubiquinone Q-8 and the major whole cell fatty acids were 16:1 omega7c, 17:1 omega6c, and 16:0. The strain also contained 10:0 3-OH and other fatty acids typical for members of the genus Herminiimonas. The results of DNA-DNA hybridizations and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain CCUG 36956T from H. fonticola. For this reason, we propose that strain CCUG 36956T represents a new species of the genus Herminiimonas for which we propose the name Herminiimonas aquatilis sp. nov.     

Kurtzmanomyces insolitus sp. nov., a new anamorphic heterobasidiomycetous yeast species

A new anamorphic heterobasidiomycetous yeast species, Kurtzmanomyces insolitus, is described using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The new species has the salient characteristics of the genus Kurtzmanomyces and, additionally, the ability to produce ballistoconidia. Data derived from comparative micromorphological studies, physiological characterisation, ultrastructure and nucleic acid analyses led to assigning the new species to Kurtzmanomyces rather than to the currently accepted genera of ballistoconidia-forming fungi. An emendation of the genus Kurtzmanomyces is proposed to allow the inclusion of the new species.     

Meiothermus timidus sp. nov., a new slightly thermophilic yellow-pigmented species

Several yellow-pigmented isolates, with optimum growth temperatures between 55 and 60 degrees C, were recovered from hot springs in Central Portugal and the Azores. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA showed that these organisms represented a new species of the genus Meiothermus. The new isolates could be distinguished from other strains of the species of the genus Meiothermus by biochemical characteristics and the fatty acid composition because they had very high levels of iso C15:0 and iso C17:0 and very low levels of anteiso C17:0 and iso C16:0. On the basis of the results presented here we propose the name Meiothermus timidus for the new species represented by strains SPS-243(T) (=LMG 22897(T)=CIP 108604(T)), RQ-10 and RQ-12.     

Flavobacterium oncorhynchi sp. nov., a new species isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Eighteen isolates of a Gram-negative, catalase and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, recovered from diseased rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), were characterized, using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Studies based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that that the eighteen new isolates shared 99.2-100% sequence similarities. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that isolates from trout belonged to the genus Flavobacterium, showing the highest sequence similarities to F. chungangense (98.6%), F. frigidimaris (98.1%), F. hercynium (97.9%) and F. aquidurense (97.8%). DNA-DNA reassociation values between the trout isolates (exemplified by strain 631-08(T)) and five type strains of the most closely related Flavobacterium species exhibited less than 27% similarity. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 33.0 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was observed to be menaquinone 6 (MK-6) and iso-C(15:0), C(15:0) and C(16:1) ω7c the predominant fatty acids. The polar lipid profile of strain 631-08(T) consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, unknown aminolipids AL1 and AL3, lipids L1, L2, L3 and L4 and phospholipid PL1. The novel isolates were differentiated from related Flavobacterium species by physiological and biochemical tests. On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, it is proposed that the isolates from rainbow trout be classified as a new species of the genus Flavobacterium, Flavobacterium oncorhynchi sp. nov. The type strain is 631-08(T) (= CECT 7678(T) = CCUG 59446(T)).     

Alternaria jesenskae sp. nov., a new species from Slovakia on Fumana procumbens (Cistaceae)

Alternaria jesenskae sp. nov. recovered from seeds of a shrubby perennial plant Fumana procumbens (Cistaceae) in Slovakia is described and illustrated. The new taxon can be clearly separated from the other related large-spored and filament-beaked Alternaria species based on sequences of the ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2 region as well as by its distinctive morphology. Even though the molecular data have shown close relatedness with A. multirostrata, the new species is morphologically most similar to A. tomatophila distinguished primarily by the pronounced colony pigmentation, conidial septation and beak branching.     

Polycephalomyces lianzhouensis sp. nov., a new species,co-occurs with Ophiocordyceps crinalis

A new species from Guangdong Province in south China, Polycephalomyces lianzhouensis, is described and illustrated here; this species was found to co-occur with Ophiocordyceps crinalis. The phylogenetic position of this species was investigated according to morphological features and phylogenetic inferences based on the nrSSU, nrLSU, tef1, rpb1, and ITS gene sequences. Results demonstrated that P. lianzhouensis was highly associated with P. ramosopulvinatus but could be distinguished from the latter using the sequences of rpb1, nrLSU, and ITS gene and the features of much smaller stromata and perithecia and longer part-spores.     

Dioszegia zsoltii sp. nov., a new ballistoconidium-forming yeast species with two varieties

As a result of conventional characterization of yeasts isolated from various plant leaves collected in Yunnan, China, six ballistoconidium-forming strains with orange-colored colonies were grouped together. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rDNA sequencing showed that two representative strains of this group of yeasts, CH 2.068 and CH 2.497, were closely related to the species in the genus Dioszegia and had signature sequences typical of this genus. However, the six strains from Yunnan differed from the described Dioszegia species remarkably (14.5-17.7% nucleotide divergences) in the ITS (internal transcribed spacer) region sequences, which indicated that they represent a distinct species. Furthermore, among the six strains studied, the ITS region sequence comparison allowed the recognition of two subgroups represented by CH 2.068 and CH 2.497, which differ from each other in three bases in the ITS 2 region. DNA-DNA relatedness revealed that the two subgroups represent two varieties of a new species in the genus Dioszegia, for which Dioszegia zsoltii sp. nov. var. zsoltii and Dioszegia zsoltii var. yunnanensis var. nov. are proposed.