肿瘤抗原相关自身抗体的产生机制及其在肿瘤中的作用

肿瘤抗原相关自身抗体在肿瘤诊断、临床应用方面的价值是目前研究的重点。它不仅可以作为肿瘤早期诊断的生物标记,也可监测治疗效果、判断预后,但目前关于肿瘤抗原相关自身抗体产生机制的研究较少,深入研究其产生机制是阐明肿瘤抗原相关自身抗体促肿瘤或抑肿瘤作用的前提,也是今后研究的重点之一。本文就近年来肿瘤抗原相关自身抗体的产生机制、肿瘤早期诊断及其在肿瘤发生发展和预后中的应用进行总结,为积极寻找特异性强、灵敏度高的肿瘤抗原相关自身抗体及检测组合,明确肿瘤抗原相关自身抗体在不同肿瘤中的意义提供一定的理论参考。     

癌胚抗原蛋白芯片的研发及其在肝癌检测中的评价

目的:研究建立一种简便、快速、特异性高、低成本的检测血清中癌胚抗原(CEA)浓度的蛋白芯片,并通过检测肝细胞肝癌(HCC)对其进行评价。方法:采用双抗体夹心法,制备能够形成捕获抗体-抗原-检测抗体的"三明治"结构的蛋白芯片检测血清中CEA浓度。通过用该蛋白芯片检测50例CEA阳性HCC患者血清和56例健康人血清,对其进行盲法验证。结果:以CEA5 ng/m L为阳性判定标准,得出CEA蛋白芯片的灵敏度为92%(46/50),特异度为100%(56/56)。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析显示该蛋白芯片检测出血清CEA的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.960,与0.5相比差异有统计学意义(P0.001),其判定CEA阳性的准确性较高。结论:成功建立检测血清中CEA浓度的蛋白芯片,为下一步研发多种标志物联合检测HCC的蛋白芯片提供候选血清标志物。     

血清多肿瘤标志物蛋白芯片检测在乳腺癌诊断中的价值

目的:探讨血清多肿瘤标志物蛋白芯片检测系统在乳腺癌诊断中的临床价值。方法:临床确诊的乳腺癌患者307例为乳腺癌组,非乳腺癌的其他恶性肿瘤患者495例为对照组。应用多肿瘤标志物蛋白芯片检测系统检测12种肿瘤标志物水平,评价血清肿瘤标志物的在乳腺癌组与对照组之间的差异。结果:CA153,CEA,Free-PSA这三项指标为诊断乳腺癌的独立相关因素(P<0.05),比较三项指标ROC曲线下面积可见,CA153对于鉴别乳腺癌准确性更高,其敏感性、特异性分别为78.92和56.14,女性乳腺癌患者Free-PSA可见明显升高,对乳腺癌有特殊提示意义,手术前后标志物CA199、CA242、Ferrin、CA125水平差异有统计学意义。结论:在临床常用的肿瘤标记物中,CA153,CEA,Free_PSA水平的升高与乳腺癌发生独立相关,其中CA153具有更高的诊断准确性,Free_PSA水平升高对乳腺癌的诊断有特别提示意义。     

蛋白芯片法在抗核抗体检测中的临床应用

目的：应用蛋白芯片法与欧蒙斑点法检测血清抗核抗体,并对其结果进行比较分析。方法：收集95例血清样本,其中45例确诊为自身免疫性疾病,阴性50例,同时采用蛋白芯片法和欧盟斑点法检测其抗核抗体（SSA、SSB、Sm、RNP、Scl—70、Jo-1、CENPB）,并对结果进行对比分析。结果：45例确诊病例中,蛋白芯片法阳性44份,欧蒙斑点法阳性41份,敏感度分别为97．78％和91．11％,特异度分别为98．95％和95．79％;按卡方检验进行结果统计,x^2=1．75,P〉0．05,差异无统计学意义。结论：蛋白芯片可用于临床检测自身免疫性疾病、治疗监测、疗效评估和预后判断。     

SELDI—TOF—MS蛋白芯片技术及在筛选肿瘤标记物中的进展

本文介绍了用SELDI—TOF-MS蛋白芯片技术及其在筛选肿瘤标记物中的研究进展。该技术将蛋白质分离技术与质谱技术相结合用于检测蛋白质,其优点是便捷、高通量、高灵敏度及分析简单快捷,在筛选肿瘤标记物方面、肿瘤早期诊断和生物工程、工程制药等方面的研究具有广阔的应用前景。     

肿瘤特异性抗原(MAGE)在肿瘤免疫治疗中的作用

目前,已经发现肿瘤特异性抗原Mage基因家族有55个成员,其中MageA、B和C三个亚家族在各种组织来源的恶性肿瘤中特异性表达,正常组织(睾丸除外)均不表达。所以,Mage抗原作为肿瘤的特异性标志,在肿瘤的检测和免疫治疗方面具有很大的应用潜力。本文介绍了Mage家族的基因定位,Mage蛋白的特性,Mage基因的作用。同时,总结了近年来Mage基因家族在临床方面的应用研究结果。     

结直肠癌血清肿瘤标记物液相芯片制备条件的优化及在CEA抗原检测中的初步应用

液相芯片技术由于其高通量,灵敏度高,信噪比高,液相条件下反应,操作简便,耗时短等优点,已被美国FDA批准成为临床的检测手段。本文主要介绍了结直肠癌血清肿瘤标记物液相芯片制备条件的优化及其在CEA抗原检测中的初步应用。本研究首先将CEA抗原的捕获抗体与微球载体进行偶联,制备液相芯片,然后对影响反应的微球与抗原的反应时间,生物素化检测抗体的浓度及avidin-PE荧光染料的反应浓度等因素进行正交设计,确定出最优的反应条件;用该液相芯片反应体系检测55例临床样本,与ELISA试剂盒检测结果相比：在同样的样本浓度范围内,两者的检测结果基本一致,但液相芯片检测的浓度范围更大而且液相芯片可将多种肿瘤标记物在一个反应进行检测,节省检测的时间和人力。     

组织芯片在筛选新型肿瘤分子标志物中的应用

组织芯片是一种新型的生物芯片技术,实现了对临床病理标本的高通量、平行化的分子标志物筛选,可同时在DNA、mRNA、蛋白质和组织形态学水平对分子标志物进行研究。本综述了近年来该项技术在筛选肿瘤分子标志物中的应用。     

噬菌体抗体库技术在肿瘤治疗中的研究进展及应用北大核心CSCD

肿瘤是严重威胁人类健康的疾病。目前肿瘤治疗策略以手术切除、放化疗、靶向治疗和免疫治疗为主。单克隆抗体药物因具备高效性和低毒性等特点,逐渐成为肿瘤临床治疗中不可或缺的药物类型。噬菌体抗体库技术(phage antibody library technology,PALT)是一种新型的单克隆抗体制备技术,其将免疫球蛋白可变区VH(variable region of heavy chain)/VL(variable region of light chain)基因重组后整合在噬菌体载体上,并以融合蛋白的形式将抗体表达到噬菌体表面,从而获得多样性抗体库。抗体库经过“吸附-洗脱-扩增”过程即可筛选获得到特异结合抗原的抗体分子及其基因序列。PALT具有抗体生产周期短、抗体结构可塑性强、抗体产量大、多样性高和可直接生产人源化抗体等优点,已应用于乳腺癌、胃癌、肺癌和肝癌等肿瘤标志物的筛选和抗体药物的制备等领域。文中综述了PALT在肿瘤治疗中的研究进展及应用。     

血清肿瘤标志物在肺癌辅助诊断中的应用

目的 探讨血清肿瘤标志物在肺癌诊断中的临床价值。方法 收集40例健康人、45例肺部良性疾病患者和90例肺癌患者,采用电化学发光分析检测患者血清中肿瘤标志物细胞角蛋白19（CYFRA21-1）、鳞状细胞癌相关抗原（SCC）和癌胚抗原（CEA）,以及胃泌素释放肽前体（pro-GRP）和神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）的含量。结果 健康人组和肺部良性疾病患者组血清NSE、pro-GRP、CYFRA21-1、SCC和CEA水平较肺癌患者组水平低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。NSE和pro-GRP在小细胞肺癌患者中的水平均明显高于其他类型的肺癌患者（P<0.01）,CYFRA21-1和SCC在鳞癌患者中的含量比其他类型肺癌患者高（P<0.01）。联合检测此5种血清肿瘤标志物敏感性高于单独的肿瘤标志物（P<0.01）。结论 联合检测NSE、pro-GRP、CYFRA21-1、SCC和CEA可以提高肺癌诊断的灵敏度。     

Analysis of several fluorescent detector molecules for protein microarray use

The utility of several streptavidin‐linked fluorescent detector molecules was evaluated on two protein microarray platforms. Tested detector molecules included: Alexa Fluor 546; R‐phycoerythrin (RPE), orange fluospheres; Cy3‐containing liposomes (Large Unilamellar Vesicles, LUV) labelled with Cy3; and an RPE–antibody complex. The two array architectures tested consisted of an array of murine Fc–biotin and an array of murine IgG (the murine IgG array was probed with a biotinylated rabbit anti‐murine IgG). These platforms allowed for the direct comparison of detector utility by detector recognition of array‐bound biotin. All of the fluorescent detectors examined demonstrated utility on each of the array platforms. For the Fc–biotin array, detector signal intensity (background adjusted) was as follows: RPE–antibody complex > fluospheres > RPE > liposomes > Alexa 546: for the IgG array: RPE/antibody complex > RPE > fluospheres > Alexa546 > liposomes. The RPE–antibody complex fluoresced 67% and 150% more intensely than the next closest detector molecule for the Fc–biotin and the murine IgG arrays, respectively. A marked increase in background fluorescence (as compared to RPE alone) did not accompany the increase in signal intensity gained through RPE–antibody complex use (a true increase in signal:noise ratio). These results suggest that the RPE–antibody complex is superior to other molecules for fluorescent detection of analytes on protein microarrays. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Functional protein microarray: an ideal platform for investigating protein binding property

Functional protein microarray is an important tool for high-throughput and large-scale systems biology studies.Besides the progresses that have been made for protein microarray fabrication,significant ...     

肿瘤相关成纤维细胞与成纤维细胞活化蛋白在肿瘤免疫治疗中的研究进展

除了依赖于肿瘤细胞自身的恶性增殖以外,肿瘤的发生和发展还依赖于肿瘤细胞与肿瘤间质微环境的相互作用。肿瘤间质中存在的肿瘤相关成纤维细胞（tumor-associatedfibroblasts,TAF）能够诱导免疫抑制,是肿瘤免疫治疗中的一大障碍。在TAF上存在一种成纤维细胞激活蛋白（fibroblast activationprotein,FAP）,它在细胞表面发挥作用,是一种膜丝氨酸肽酶,是Ⅱ型丝氨酸蛋白酶家族成员之一,具有二肽肽酶及胶原酶活性,在肿瘤微环境中表达FAP的肿瘤相关成纤维细胞是最早被鉴定的一种肿瘤间质细胞类型。它由肿瘤问质中的成纤维细胞与癌细胞相互作用而活化,是肿瘤微环境中最主要的宿主细胞,具有促进肿瘤细胞生长、侵袭及免疫抑制的作用,而且基因组稳定不易耐药,有望成为肿瘤免疫治疗的新靶标。就靶向TAF和FAP在肿瘤免疫治疗中的研究做一综述,为基于肿瘤间质微环境的免疫治疗提供参考。     

Signal and sensitivity enhancement through optical interference coating for DNA and protein microarray applications.

Optical inteference (OI) coated slides with unique optical properties were utilized in microarray analyses, demonstrating their enhanced detection sensitivity over traditional microarray substrates. The OI coating is comprised of a proprietary multilayered, dielectric, thin-film interference coating located beneath the functional coating (aminosilane or epoxysilane). It is designed to enhance the fluorescence in the Cy3 and Cy5 channel by increasing the light absorption of the dyes by about 6-fold and by redirecting emitted fluorescence into the detector during scanning, resulting in a theoretical limit of about 12-fold signal amplification. Two-color DNA microarray experiments conducted on the OI slides showed over 8-fold signal amplification, conservation of gene expression ratios, and increased signal-to-noise ratio when compared to control slides, indicating enhanced detection sensitivity. Protein microarray assays also exhibited over 8-fold signal amplification at three different target concentrations, demonstrating the versatility of the OI slides for different microarray applications. Further, the DNA and protein assays performed on the OI slides exhibited excellent detection sensitivity even at the low target amounts essential for diagnostic applications. The OI slides are compatible with commonly used protocols, printers, scanners and other microarray equipment. Therefore, the OI slides offer an attractive alternative to traditional microarray substrates, where enhanced detection sensitivity is desired.     

属级芯片筛查技术在马铃薯纺锤块茎类病毒属检测中的应用

建立马铃薯纺锤块茎类病毒属(Pospiviroid)类病毒有效的芯片筛查技术,对该属类病毒进行筛查。分析了该属类病毒序列,得到19条具有属级鉴定特征的探针。这些探针符合GC含量在40%与60%之间、单个核苷酸含量不大于50%、无多于4个核苷酸的连续重复及不形成多于6个核苷酸的发卡结构的标准;将探针点制到玻璃片基上制备芯片。芯片探针有效性实验结果表明,菊花矮化类病毒(Chrysanthemum stunt viroid,CSVd)及番茄雄性株类病毒(Tomato planta macho viroid,TPMVd)样品杂交可获得有效信号;灵敏度实验结果表明,该芯片可检测到200 pg/μL的总RNA。该芯片可用于Pospiviroid类病毒的筛查。     

An application of protein microarray in the screening of monoclonal antibodies against the oyster mushroom spherical virus

Protein detection is a common yet time-intensive task in many laboratories. Here we report a protocol that makes use of cold microwave technology to reduce the total processing time to less than 1 h with dot and Western blot applications while yielding lower background noise at similar signal strength when compared with conventional protocols. With dot blots, the time savings was accompanied by a decrease in reagent use. With Western blots, the visibility of prestained markers was maintained, in stark contrast to conventional procedures. Experiments kept at a constant temperature of 21 degrees C support the existence of a microwave radiation effect, whereas an additional thermal effect is noted when the temperature is increased to 37 degrees C from ambient. Microwave-assisted dot blotting is suggested as an effective way of facilitating large-scale screening of expressed proteins.     

Development of protein microarray technology to monitor biomarkers of rheumatoid arthritis disease

Most biological processes are mediated by complex networks of molecular interactions involving proteins. The analysis of protein expression in biological samples is especially important in the identification and monitoring of biomarkers for disease progression and therapeutic endpoints. In this paper, the development of a protein microarray format for multiplexed quantitative analysis of several potential markers for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is described. Development of a high-performance protein microarray system depends on several key parameters such as surface chemistry, capture agents, immobilization technology, and methods used for signal detection and quantification. Several technical possibilities were investigated and compared: poly-L-lysine versus self-assembled monolayer of octadecyl phosphoric acid ester for surface chemistries; noncontact piezoelectric versus contact printing technology for antibody deposition; CCD camera capture versus fluorescent scanning for image detection; and the concentration of coating antibody. On the basis of reproducibility, signal-to-noise ratio, and sensitivity we have selected self-assembled monolayer, noncontact piezoelectric printer, and high-read-out fluorescence scanning for our microarray format. This format was used to perform multiplexed quantitative analysis of several potential markers of disease progression of rheumatoid arthritis: IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and SAA. Some assays, such as MCP-1, provided a working range that covered physiologically relevant concentrations. Other assays, such as IL-6 and SAA, lacked sensitivity or were too sensitive for measuring biological concentrations, respectively. The results described demonstrate the applicability of protein microarrays to monitor RA markers; however, sandwich assay methodologies need to be further optimized to measure the appropriate biological ranges of these markers on one chip.     

蛋白质芯片在肿瘤血清标识物发现中的应用

蛋白质芯片是一种新型的高通量蛋白质组学技术,由于其具有高通量、微型化、可平行快速分析等优点,因此在肿瘤血清标识物发现研究方面具有广泛的应用前景。本文综述了蛋白质芯片的基本原理、类型及其在肿瘤血清标记物发现研究中的应用,将蛋白质芯片技术与传统的肿瘤标志物发现技术进行了比较,并对蛋白质芯片技术在肿瘤标识物发现研究上的进一步应用进行了展望。     

Naturally occurring human autoantibodies recognize a fetal brain antigen identified as microtubulus associated protein 1B

We have recently reported naturally occurring autoantibodies against a large fetal brain antigen (FBA). Now we describe the process of purification and identification of this particular FBA. The brains of newborn rabbits were solubilized and purified with preparative gel electrophoresis. The protein fractions were concentrated and desalted and the fractions were tested by a known positive serum. On membrane digestion of the FBA-band gave a twelve amino acid sequence that resulted in best identity score for mouse, rat and human microtubule-associated protein (MAP) 1B: a member of the microtubule-associated protein family. Monoclonal anti-MAP1B recognized a band in immunoblots of the brain homogenate and of the partially purified fractions with the same electrophoretic mobility as that recognized by a known anti-FBA positive serum. When adult rabbit brain was used as an antigen, the anti-MAP1B failed to recognize any bands on immunoblots. MAP lB has not been previously known as an autoantigen, even though many structural proteins of the neuronal cytoskeleton are known to be targets of naturally occurring autoantibodies. MAP 1B is a functionally important regulatory protein in the developing brain; thus autoantibodies against MAP1B may affect the normal development.