向日葵品种鉴定和纯度分析的AFLP研究

从杂交油葵A15及其亲本的1/2粒干种子中提取基因组DNA,选用17对引物组合进 行AFLP分析,构建了它们的指纹图谱。17对引物在A系与R系当中共扩增出1125条扩增产物,其中144条带表现出多态性,平均每对引物扩增66条带,不同引物组合产生的DNA片段数目在50～70之间,大小分布于100bp～500bp,多态性比率为12.8%。从中筛选出的2对引物E_AAC/M_CTC和E_ACG/M_CTG可将亲本和子代区分开：引物对E_AAC/M_CTC在A系中扩增出440bp、190bp、160bp 3条特征谱带,在R系中扩增出380bp、350bp、225bp、180bp 4条特征谱带,E_ACG/M_CTG在A系中扩增出了2条特征带480bp和265bp,在R系中扩增出490bp、220bp、205bp、125bp 4条特征谱带,且上述谱带均在子代中出现。用引物组合E_ACG/M_CTG对A15、双亲以及与A15外型十分相似的10个常用油葵杂交种进行AFLP分析,不仅表现出良好的多态性,并能够清楚地将它们加以区分。以其对50粒A15杂交种子进行纯度鉴定,得到与大田纯度检测一致的结果,说明使用AFLP标记检测油用向日葵的品种和纯度是可行的。对现行种子纯度和品种鉴定的方法进行了讨论。     

猕猴桃AFLP分析体系的建立

从64对AFLP分析引物中随机选取了19对引物组合。经过跑小板的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶,银染显带AFLP条带,从中筛选出可做荧光的8对引物。再从中选取了扩增位点丰富,带型质量好,分辨率较高,条带信号强度一致性好,条带分布均匀,且条带较完整的4对引物：E-AAC＋M-CAC、E-AAG＋M-CTG、E-AAC＋M-CAG、EAAC＋M-CTA进行荧光跑带、读带。共在156个位点上扩增出条带,4对引物共扩增出多态性条带132条,多态性比例平均为84．62％,4对引物对10份猕猴桃材料的区分率达100％。说明该4对引物用于猕猴桃属植物的AFLP分析是可行的。     

陕油8号种子纯度的RAPD鉴定研究

从杂交油菜“陕油8号”及其亲本中提取基因组DNA,用100个RAPD随机引物进行扩增,从中筛选出3个可将亲本和子代区分的引物BA208、BA1090、BA497。BA208产生亲本互补的特征带BA208-1050bp、BA2081250bp;BA1090产生母本特征带BA1090-700bp,BA497产生父本特征带BA497-870bp,上述谱带均在子代中出现。以BA208产生的特征谱带作为分子标记对杂交油菜种子纯度鉴定得到了一致的结果,并与大田纯度检测结果一致。BA497可将“陕油8号”与当地4个主栽品种有效区分。此外,还对双引物共同鉴定杂交种子纯度问题进行了初步探讨。     

部分两用桃品种(系)指纹图谱的建立

以近亲个体'顺10-16'、'青北10-7'和'贺春'为材料建立了两用桃AFLP研究体系,从64对引物组合中筛选出了E-AAT/M-ACT、E-AAT/M-CTG、E-ACA/M-CTG和E-ACA/M-CTT等4个多态性好、分辨率高的引物组合;应用该体系对'锦春'等23个两用桃品种(系)进行AFLP分析,结果共扩增出127条带,其中多态性带62条,多态性百分率48.8%,以其中特异性较高的23个多态性条带构建了这23个两用桃品系的指纹图谱,为两用桃品种鉴定及保护奠定了基础.     

棉花2个多标记基因系及其杂交后代AFLP分析

应用AFLP分子标记技术,对陆地棉两个多标记基因系T582和T586及其杂交后代F1等进行了DNA多态性分析。结果表明:在58对EcoRI/MseI引物组合中,筛选出41对引物组合具有多态性,多态性的引物组合占筛选总组合的70.69%。AFLP分子标记具有高度的多态性,非常适于基因组差异较小的(棉花)材料之间的多态性筛选。采用聚丙烯酰胺银染法显带技术,AFLP进行PCR扩增能看到30~80条DNA亮带,且检测灵敏度高,可区别只相差十几个bp甚至几个bp大小的DNA片段。但AFLP标记以显性标记占绝对优势,共显性标记比率极少,故而难以区分种质的杂合和纯合,这是它的惟一不足之处。     

利用SSR标记鉴定西瓜杂交种纯度的研究

以2个西瓜杂交品种(系)的种子黑公子和04-17及其亲本为材料,用SSR标记技术研究杂种与其双亲之间的扩增谱带多态性,以甄别真假杂种.结果发现,所试验的52对SSR引物中有13对引物分别在2个西瓜杂交种和其双亲之间存在扩增条带的多态性,表现为:多数SSR引物对自交系的扩增只出现1条带,但部分引物在某些自交系中扩增出2条带,杂交种条带均为父母本的互补型,很适合做杂交种纯度鉴定.用引物CMCT134b对黑公子和引物CMGA165对04-17进行了各100粒单种子SSR鉴定,所测纯度分别为96%和100%,与田间纯度95.6%和99.7%非常接近,表明SSR标记技术在西瓜杂交种子纯度室内快速检测中的应用前景.     

大白菜杂交种'冠春'杂交率的RAPD分析

从春大白菜品种‘冠春’及其亲本中提取基因组DNA,用320个随机引物进行RAPD扩增,从中筛选出5 个可将亲本和子代区分的引物S4、S47、S73、S134和S194。S4产生父本特征带S4-370;S47和S134产生母本特征带S47-700 和S134-1200;S73和S494产生亲本互补的特征带S73-660、S73-730和S494-400、S494-1770,上述谱带均在子代中出现。以这5个引物产生的特征谱带建立杂交种‘冠春’及其亲本的RAPD特异指纹。通过对134个‘冠春’的种子进行纯度鉴定,结果表明2个父本和4个母本与大田检测结果完全一致。进一步验证了4种鉴定大白菜杂交种方法的可行性。     

SRAP标记技术在甜瓜品种亲缘关系和种子纯度鉴定上的应用

利用SRAP分子标记对12份甜瓜材料进行亲缘关系鉴定和F1代杂交种进行纯度检测。结果表明:从40对引物中筛选出13对多态性好的引物,共扩增出78条带,多态性带的比例为50%;聚类分析结果显示,12份甜瓜材料的相似系数在0.263～0.921之间,可将该12份甜瓜材料分为2大类,进一步细分为5类。利用引物Me15-Em7和Me3-Em16对‘红绿早脆’100S杂交种进行纯度检测,杂交种纯度为77%。研究为甜瓜品种间亲缘关系及种子纯度检测提供了可靠的理论依据。     

S-SAP分子标记开发及其在苹果芽变鉴别上的应用

S-SAP(特异序列扩增多态性,Ssequence specific amplification polymorphism)是一种基于反转录转座元件的广泛应用于生物遗传多样性研究的分子标记。本研究从34对引物中筛选出7对具有谱带清晰、多态性高的引物组合,成功地开发了苹果基因组的S-SAP分子标记。27个元帅系芽变品种中,共扩增出588条谱带,每对引物组合平均扩增出84条谱带,其中多态性谱带48条,多态性谱带占总扩增出谱带数的8.2%,遗传相似系数介于0.73～0.90之间。对15个苹果芽变品种进行S-SAP分析,相似系数在0.42～0.94之间,以相似系数0.80为阈值,可以区分各芽变品系。开发的S-SAP分子标记可以有效地将苹果芽变品种区分,并为苹果生物遗传多样性与系统进化、品种鉴定提供新方法。     

大豆种质资源SRAP分子标记中的引物筛选

以113个大豆栽培品种和20个野生品种为材料,从288对引物组合中筛选出12对多态性丰富、条带清晰、可重复性好的SRAP引物组合。用筛选出的12对引物组合对大豆品种进行PCR扩增,获得了带型丰富和清晰可辨的DNA的PAGE指纹图谱;共扩增出251条谱带,其中多态性条带220条,多态性谱带比率为87.6%,平均每个引物扩增出18.3条谱带。结果显示,所筛选出的12对引物组合可以有效的应用于大豆种质资源的SRAP分析。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.