The effect of enterococci on normalizing the intestinal microflora in experimental dysbacteriosis

The normal microflora of the intestine produces essential influence on the vital activity of the host. The exposure of the body to the action of different unfavorable factors (roentgen radiation, the administration of antibiotics, Salmonella infection, etc) results in changes in the normal microflora of the gastrointestinal tract. This work was aimed at the study of the influence of Streptococcus faecium YDC-48 on the intestinal microflora of mice in experimental (chemotherapeutic, postirradiation) dysbacteriosis and Salmonella infection. The effect of the oral administration of S. faecium YDC-48 on the correction of the intestinal microflora of mice in cases of dysbacteriosis etiology was studied. The intragastric administration of S. faecium YDC-48 was found to induce an increase in the level of lactobacterin and a decrease in the number of opportunistic microorganisms in chemotherapeutic and postirradiation dysbacteriosis. The oral administration of S. faecium YDC-48 decreased the manifestations of intestinal dysbacteriosis in experimental Salmonella infection. The possibility of developing a preparation on the basis of S. faecium YDC-48, a representative of normal intestinal microflora, is discussed.     

金银花水提物对肠道微生态失调大鼠的调整作用

目的研究金银花水提取物作为微生态调节剂对肠道微生态失调大鼠肠道菌群的调整作用。方法结扎大鼠胆总管造成肠道菌群失调模型后分别以金银花、丽珠肠乐、金银花与丽珠肠乐合剂、生理盐水灌胃,于灌胃4d后测定各组大鼠肠道菌群组分、乙酸含量及肝脏中肠杆菌易位情况。结果大鼠肠道菌群失调得到恢复,肠道内乙酸含量增加,易位至肝脏的肠杆菌数量减少,与自然恢复组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,金银花与丽珠肠乐合剂组效果最佳。结论金银花水提物作为益生元对大鼠肠道菌群失调具有调整作用。     

The intestinal microflora of persons subjected to a radiation lesion]

The content of large intestine has been studied in persons exposed to radiation injury in consequence of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Power Plant. It is stated that bifidobacteria (10(7)-10(10) cells in 1 g of feces) prevailed (as in healthy people), Bifidobacterium indicum being a dominating species. Amount of lactic-acid bacteria in 1 g of defecations of examined patients was within the range of 10(6)-10(9) cells and in certain persons it reached 10(10) cells (primarily fecal Enterococci). A considerable amount of patients with acute radiation sickness of the 3d degree had in their intestine 10(9)/g of lactic-acid bacteria, Lactobacillus casei and L. plantarum prevailing there. The frequency of yeast isolation from defecations of patients constituted 83%, while the number of cells in 1 g of feces--from 10 to 10(4). Yeast of the Candida genus, mainly Candida parapsilosis, prevailed. The species composition of isolated microorganisms has no substantial differences from microcenosis of healthy people. The content of intestine of persons suffered from radiation is characterized only by greater amount of lactic-acid bacteria and enterococci as compared with healthy adults.     

Micro-ecological aspects of studies on the effect of antibacterial drugs on intestinal microflora

Possible characterization of intestinal microflora as an integral system after exposure to antibacterial drugs was studied. Microflora of the contents and mucosa of the jejunum and large intestine in control rats and in rats exposed to metronidazole was studied and numerical indicators characterizing ratios of dominating and accompanying microbial groups in the intestine biotope++ were developed. With this purpose the proportion of the microbial groups in the total quantity of the microbes of a microbiocenosis was determined by the data on microflora quantitative composition. On the basis of detected wide species variety of microorganisms potentially dominating by their biotope numerical limits of the norm were determined only for the microbial groups of the accompanying microflora. The total proportion of the accompanying microbial populations under the normal conditions and the detected measure of deviation (reverse, partial) from the ratio of the dominating and accompanying microorganisms peculiar of the given biotope++ in separate subjects promoted estimation of microbiocenoses of definite biotope of the intestine as a whole.     

Influence of intestinal microflora on the amino acid composition of lamb feces]

6 conventional and 5 germfree male lambs were fed ad libitum a UHT sterilized cow milk. Body weight and food intake were recorded. Whole feces were collected for 5 consecutive days. Growth rate reached 259 g/d for the germfree. Daily fecal excretion of dry matter and nitrogenous compounds are not found different in the two groups of animals. The influence of intestinal microflora appears on the biochemical composition of the feces. As compared to the conventional fecal proteins from germfree lambs are very high in threonine and serine and low in lysine. Moreover the difference of amino acid composition between these two groups come not only from the histidine alanine and arginine composition of bacteries; it also involves the high levels of threonine serine cystine and tyrosine of the endogenous digestive proteins.     

Immunomodulating properties of various microbes--representatives of normal intestinal microflora]

The impact of oral administration of heat-killed bifidobacteria, lactobacteria, enterococci and bacteroides on mouse resistance to experimental salmonellosis and content of immunoglobulin-synthesizing cells in the proper plate of the small intestine was studied. It was shown that the administration of the killed bifidobacteria, lactobacteria and enterococci increased the animal resistance to experimental salmonellosis infection and induced an increase in the content of immunoglobulin-synthesizing cells in the proper plate of the small intestine. The administration of the killed bacteroides had no such effect. Possible development of bacterial preparations with immunomodulating properties based on killed bifidobacteria, lactobacteria or enterococci is discussed.     

Dynamics of the establishment of intestinal microflora in healthy full-term newborns]

A study was made of the dynamics of establishment of the intestinal microflora in 79 healthy mature neonates born of healthy mothers. A total of 223 bacteriological examinations were conducted. A stable prevalence of bifidobacteria over the aerobic portion of the intestinal biocenosis occurred in all the children from the 8th day after birth. Along with this the following bacteria were continuously present in the intestine: lactic bacilli and streptococci E. coli, enterococci and staphylococci; however, their portion in the biocenosis was not great. Bacteroids, microbes of the Proteus genus, and yeast-like fungi were found in the cultures only before the establishment of a high bifidobacteria level. Conditionally pathogenic microorganisms and their associations were continuously revealed in 19.8% of healthy mature neonates. Apparently the qualitative prevalence of bifidobacteria prevented the clinical expression of dysbacteriosis in these children.     

西藏灵菇奶对抗生素相关性腹泻小鼠肠道菌群的调整作用

目的研究用西藏灵菇对抗生素引起的肠道菌群失调及病理变化的调整作用.方法由林可霉素造成小鼠腹泻模型,并证实肠道菌群紊乱后,将其分成灵菇奶治疗组和自然恢复组,7 d后对每个组小鼠进行肠道菌群检测,同时取回肠末段组织标本用光镜及电镜观察黏膜结构的变化.结果抗生素模型组大多数小鼠肠道黏膜出现不同程度的损害,小鼠肠道的正常菌群及病理组织改变基本恢复正常.结论灵菇奶不仅对肠道菌群有调整作用,而且对肠黏膜的修复有一定作用.     

Modern concept of the makeup of intestinal microflora in healthy adults]

Analysis of the literature data on the significance of normal intestinal microbial population in the vital activity of the organism, and also on the sequelae of unfavourable shifts in the intestinal microecology is presented. The results of personal studies on the composition of normal microbial population in healthy adults are discussed; criteria for the assessment of normal intestinal biocenosis are given. The importance of bifidum flora is emphasized, and the necessity of its correction in various pathological conditions is underlined.     

The effect of eubiotic feed additives on the performance of growing pigs and the activity of intestinal microflora

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of probiotic bacteria, prebiotics, phytobiotics and their combinations on performance and microbial activity in the digestive tract of growing pigs. The experiment was conducted over 28 d on 48 male pigs of about 12 kg body weight (BW), which were allocated to following treatments.: (1) Control Group (Con) without additive, (2) Group I, addition of a prebiotic (inulin), (3) Group Ph, a phytobiotic (herbal water extracts), (4) Group P, a probiotic composed of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, (5) Group PhP, phytobiotic and probiotic bacteria and (6) Group PhPI, a phytobiotic, probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic. Animal performance was recorded and at d 28 six pigs from each group were euthanised to collect digesta samples. In all groups except for Group I, diarrhoea incidents were observed. Groups Ph and P had significantly higher daily gains and final BW, and Group Ph utilised feed better than other groups. The pH of ileal digesta was significantly lower in Group PhPI. In the caecal digesta of Groups I, P and PhP, the pH level was lower than in the other groups but dry matter contents was significantly higher in Groups Con and I. The short-chain fatty acids and particular acid content differed significantly only in the colonic digesta. The yeast and mould numbers in caecal digesta was highest in Group Con. No treatment effects were observed for the number of lactic acid bacteria, coli group bacteria or Clostridium. However, the observed significantly higher number of total bacteria suggests that a multi-component eubiotic treatment changes the bacterial composition and distribution more effectively. Our findings indicated that all used additives changed the intestinal microflora, but the multi-component eubiotics were not beneficial as feed additives offered separately. Moreover, supplementation of phytobiotics and probiotic bacteria also improved the animal performance significantly.     

The intestinal microflora during the first weeks of life

Bacterial colonization of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract begins during birth when the neonate comes into contact with the maternal cervical and vaginal flora. In infants delivered by Caesarean section, bacteria colonizing the neonate gastrointestinal tract are provided by the environment. The first bacteria encountered in the majority of healthy infants, are facultative anaerobes, which remain predominant during the first 2 weeks of life. Among them, Staphylococcus, Enterobacteriaceae and Streptococcus were the genera most commonly isolated from the newborn faecal flora at birth. Facultative anaerobic bacteria are followed closely by Bifidobacterium sp. Clostridium perfringens is present within 2 days with an increase incidence in newborns delivered by a Caesarean section. Clostridium perfringens seems to be the precursor for installation of other anaerobic putrefactive bacteria, as Bacteroides and other Clostridium sp. The impact of Caesarean section and the period and quality of hospitalization are mainly implicated in changes of the normal newborn flora. Feeding seems to modulate the colonization pattern. In humans, breast milk plays a role in passive immunization of the neonatal intestine, and contains factors that promote the growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum in the intestinal flora. Formula feeding seems to promote implantation and persistence of Clostridium perfringens, and clearly enhances intestinal colonization of C. difficile in newborns.     

复方树舌液对肠道微生态失调小鼠的调节作用

目的应用复方树舌液作为微生态调节剂对肠道微生态失调小鼠进行调节。方法用盐酸林可霉素造成菌群失调模型,用复方树舌液进行治疗,在治疗期间分别检测各组小鼠的肠道优势菌群、乙酸、内毒素含量及肝脏肠杆菌易位。结果小鼠肠道菌群失调得到恢复、小鼠肠道内乙酸含量增加、内毒素含量下降、易位至肝脏的肠杆菌数量减少,与自然恢复组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,树舌组优于丽珠肠乐组。结论复方树舌液作为益生元对小鼠肠道菌群失调具有调节作用。     

Effect of bificol on the intestinal microflora of chronic colitis patients working in antiboitic prodiction]

Data on the use of bificol, a new Soviet preparation, and its effect on the intestine microflora of patients with chronic colitis occupied in production of penicillin are presented. It was shown that by the 28th day of the preparation use the level of the intestine bacteria in the patients' intestine reliably increased. The number of immobile strains decreased from 67.6 to 36.6 per cent. Bifidoflora normalized by the 14th day of the treatment. Some clinical inprovement, i.e. stool normalization, lessening of the stomach pain, increased appetite were observed by the 4th--5th day of the treatment with bificol. On the basis of the microbiological and clinical data it was shown that treatment of the patients with chronic colitis in antibiotic production should continue for at least 28 days and in individual cases for longer periods of time. It is recommended to use the preparation in 10 doses a day divided into 2 parts.     

NAG infection in Rana temporaria with suppressed normal intestinal microflora]

Frogs of the Rana temporaria species with disturbed biocenosis induced by combined effects of hypothermia (+4 degrees C) and tetracycline were used as an experimental model. The animals were inoculated orally with cultured NAD-vibrios and subjected to clinical, bacteriological, immunomorphological and electron microscopical examinations. The lymph-blood system was shown to be a possible pathway for generalization of the infection. Several causes of long-term persistence of the vibrios in Rana temporaria are discussed.     

The effect of a preparation made from Solco lactobacteria on the survival rate and intestinal microflora of irradiated animals

Lactobacillus acidophilus strain Lat 11/83 Solco has been used for the normalization of intestinal microflora in experimental post-irradiation intestinal dysbacteriosis in mice. The results of these experiments indicate that live Solco lactobacteria, introduced intragastrically, facilitate the enhancement of the survival rate of irradiated animals and the normalization of microflora in their gastrointestinal tract. The strain can be used as bacterial preparation for the regulation of intestinal microbiocenosis.