黄孢原毛平革菌对RBBR脱色降解及其降解机制

为研究白腐真菌对蒽醌染料的生物降解机制,以白腐真菌黄孢原毛平革菌为脱色降解菌株,分析了蒽醌染料活性艳蓝KN-R(RBBR)的浓度、金属离子及脱色参数对染料脱色的影响;采用紫外-可见光谱、红外光谱、气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析和植物种子毒性实验进行降解产物分析,以揭示RBBR可能的降解路径及其产物的毒性结果表明:在p...     

白腐真菌对染料废水脱色及降解的研究

染料废水是最难处理的工业废水之一,近年来许多学者就白腐真菌对染料废水的脱色进行了广泛的研究,系统介绍了白腐真菌对染料脱色和降解作用的研究进展,脱色机理及其影响因素,旨在为以后真菌对染料废水的脱色及降解提供参考和依据。     

茅草菇菌丝球对铬黑T的脱色降解性能及毒性评价

[目的]利用真菌茅草菇菌丝球对染料铬黑T(EBT)进行脱色和降解,探究在不同环境条件下对染料脱色性能的影响及作用机制.[方法]采用单因素分析探究真菌的最佳脱色能力,分光光度法测定真菌酶活,小麦种子萌发、大肠杆菌接触抑制试验及秀丽隐杆线虫毒性试验测定脱色前后废水的毒性.[结果]茅草菇菌丝球受摇床温度和转速影响较小,在pH...     

白腐真菌的木质素降解酶

简述了白腐真菌木质素降解酶的概念、催化反应机理及在纸浆的生物漂白和染料脱色中的应用。     

撕裂蜡孔菌在开放体系中对甲基橙染料的静态脱色研究

为了评价撕裂蜡孔菌处理偶氮染料的应用潜力,用性能稳定的甲基橙染料为材料,采用批次试验在开放性体系中研究了染料初始浓度、菌丝生物量、温度、pH等因素对该菌脱色能力的影响,运用菌丝体反接、染液光谱扫描、菌丝体显微观察等方法探讨了菌丝体脱色的可能机制,利用植物萌发试验进行了染料和脱色后溶液的毒性测试。结果表明,撕裂蜡孔菌在开放的静止体系中能够对甲基橙高效脱色,其最适脱色温度为35℃,最佳脱色pH值在6左右。菌丝对甲基橙的脱色表现在吸附和产酶降解两个方面,脱色过程中染料对菌丝体本身的影响较少。植物毒性分析显示撕裂蜡孔菌脱色48h后的产物对植物的毒性比甲基橙本身更强,若要彻底降解可能需要较长时间。本研究可为染料脱色工艺提供新的菌种。     

绒毛栓孔菌菌丝体在无营养条件下对偶氮染料刚果红的脱色作用

【目的】在无营养条件下,利用白腐真菌绒毛栓孔菌(Trametes pubescens)菌丝体对染料进行脱色可减少试验成本,提高染料处理的实用性。【方法】将该菌株液体培养的菌丝体在无营养条件下对染料进行脱色,并对其中脱色效果较好的偶氮染料刚果红的脱色过程进行分析。在此过程中,测定了该菌株分泌的胞外胞内酶活力,优化影响因子如初始pH值、温度、染料浓度和盐度,同时利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析无营养条件下偶氮染料刚果红的降解产物。植物毒性试验测定刚果红经绒毛栓孔菌菌丝体脱色前后的毒性变化。【结果】菌丝体对偶氮染料刚果红有较好的脱色效果,在初始pH值为2.0,温度为30°C,染料浓度为80 mg/L,盐度为2.5%(质量体积比)时,150 r/min转速下培养7 d后脱色率可达80.52%。在此过程中,菌丝体可被连续使用2次,且其所分泌的酶系可降解染料。此外,通过气相色谱-质谱联用分析得到刚果红的降解产物为萘胺、联苯胺和叠氮萘。植物毒性试验显示在无营养条件下的绒毛栓孔菌菌丝体对染料有明显的脱毒作用。【结论】研究发现绒毛栓孔菌菌丝体在无营养条件下的偶氮染料废水处理中具有广阔的应用前景。     

白腐菌对染料脱色和降解作用的研究进展

白腐菌应用于废水处理始于二十世纪八十年代。本文对印染废水的处理方法、白腐菌及其对污染物的降解机理作了简要概述 ,着重介绍了白腐菌对染料脱色和降解作用的研究进展。白腐菌对染料的脱色解降作用机理有部分尚待进一步研究 ;同时 ,白腐菌的吸附作用亦不容忽视。     

白腐菌对染料脱色和降解作用的研究进展

白腐菌应用于废水处理始于二十世纪八十年代,本文对印染废水的处理方法,白腐菌及其对污染物的降解机理作了简要概述,着重介绍了白腐菌对染料脱色和降解作用的研究进展。白腐菌对染料的脱色解降作用机理有部分尚待进一步研究;同时,白腐菌的吸附作用亦不容忽视。     

白腐真菌染料脱色菌株的筛选及一色齿毛菌脱色条件的研究

以平皿培养方式对采集自中国和芬兰的白腐真菌菌株降解6种不同结构的人工染料的能力进行了筛选研究。在40株菌株中,黑管孔菌Bjerkandera adusta Y5012,一色齿毛菌Cerrena unicolor Y5002,硬毛粗盖孔菌Funalia trogii Y4997,香栓孔菌Trametes suaveolens D8325和云芝栓孔菌Trametes versicolor Y4946对刚果红、橙黄G、茜素红、结晶紫、中性红和亚甲基蓝均显示出较强的脱色能力。对一色齿毛菌Cerrena unicolor Y5002的液体培养脱色条件进行了研究,其最适碳源和氮源分别为蔗糖和麦芽浸粉;在不同橙黄G浓度下均获得较高的脱色率,因此浓度为500mg/L的橙黄G未对该菌的脱色能力产生抑制作用,而浓度为400mg/L茜素红则对其脱色作用产生明显抑制。对菌丝生物量和染料脱色率的研究表明,在不同碳源和氮源条件下,两者之间具有明显的正相关性。     

一色齿毛菌对刚果红的脱色优化及其毒性变化研究

一色齿毛菌Cerrena unicolor是分离自野外的一株能够降解木质素的白腐真菌。为明确一色齿毛菌对染料的脱色能力及脱色前后染料毒性的变化,本研究利用一色齿毛菌对固体条件下4种染料进行脱色能力的检测,筛选出较易脱色的染料后,对该染料的脱色条件进行优化,并以3种豆类发芽率为指标测定该染料脱色前后的毒性变化。结果表明,一色齿毛菌对4种染料均可脱色,其中对刚果红的脱色效果最为明显;一色齿毛菌对刚果红脱色条件的优化结果为：20g/L麦芽糖,1g/L硝酸铵,1mmol/L硫酸镁,接种9块直径1cm菌饼,10mg/L染料浓度,pH 7时脱色效果最好;刚果红染料脱色前后毒性测试结果显示：染料脱色前发酵液毒性>染料脱色后发酵液毒性>清水处理毒性,表明刚果红染料存在一定的毒性,但在被一色齿毛菌脱色后,染料毒性有所降低。本研究为一色齿毛菌在染料废水脱色方面的应用及降低染料废水毒性提供一定的参考依据。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.