莫西沙星联合纤维支气管镜药物灌注对耐多药肺结核患者T细胞亚群、肺功能和肝功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨莫西沙星联合纤维支气管镜药物灌注对耐多药肺结核患者T细胞亚群、肺功能和肝功能的影响。方法：选取2017年2月~2018年12月期间我院收治的90例耐多药肺结核患者,根据随机数字表法分为对照组（n=45,常规基础治疗）和研究组（n=45,莫西沙星联合纤维支气管镜药物灌注）,比较两组患者痰菌转阴率、病灶吸收率、T细胞亚群、肺功能和肝功能。结果：研究组治疗6个月后的痰菌转阴率为88.89%（40/45）,高于对照组的68.89%（31/45）（P<0.05）。研究组治疗6个月后的病灶吸收率为84.44%（38/45）,高于对照组的64.44%（29/45）（P<0.05）。两组治疗6个月后第1 s用力呼气容积（FEV₁）、用力肺活量（FVC）、每分钟最大通气量（MVV）占预计值百分比、总蛋白(TP)、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺均升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）;丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、CD8⁺均降低,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：莫西沙星联合纤维支气管镜药物灌注治疗耐多药肺结核,可有效阻止疾病进展,同时在改善患者T细胞亚群、肺功能和肝功能方面效果显著。     

替雷利珠联合白蛋白紫杉醇治疗晚期肺癌的疗效分析及对T细胞亚群的影响

摘要 目的：研究替雷利珠联合白蛋白紫杉醇治疗晚期肺癌的疗效分析,并探讨其对T细胞亚群的影响。方法：选择2018年7月到2021年10月在院接受治疗的晚期肺癌患者80例,根据治疗方式不同分为单一治疗组和联合组,每组40例。单一治疗组患者接受白蛋白紫杉醇治疗,联合组患者接受替雷利珠联合白蛋白。比较两组患者治疗后临床疗效、不良反应以及治疗前后血清IgA和IgG含量,以及外周血CD4⁺和CD8⁺T细胞亚群。结果：（1）联合组患者临床治疗有效率为87.5 %,显著高于单一治疗组67.5 %的临床治疗有效率（P<0.05）;（2）两组患者治疗后肝肾损伤、呕吐、乏力、白细胞减少、神经毒性以及手足综合征等不良反应发生率无显著差异（P>0.05）;（3）联合组患者治疗后血清IgA和IgG均显著高于单一治疗组患者（P<0.05）;（4）联合组治疗后CD4⁺和CD4⁺/CD8⁺T淋巴细胞比例均显著高于单一治疗组（P<0.05）,而CD8⁺T淋巴细胞比例均显著低于单一治疗组（P<0.05）。结论：替雷利珠联合白蛋白紫杉醇治疗可以显著提高晚期肺癌患者临床治疗有效率,但不增加不良反应发生率,并可有效改善患者免疫功能。     

婴幼儿喂养指数法评价6~23月龄婴幼儿喂养状况的临床价值

摘要 目的：探讨婴幼儿喂养指数法（ICFI）评价6~23月龄婴幼儿的喂养状况的临床价值。方法：于2015年6月至2016年2月,按照多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取1418例6~23月龄婴幼儿作为调查对象。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）喂养建议建立喂养指数体系（包括母乳喂养、奶瓶喂养、膳食多样性、食物频率和喂养频率）,进行ICFI评分。结果：本次共调查1418例婴幼儿,男766例（54.02 %）,女652例（45.98 %）。6~8月龄组482例（33.99 %）,9~11月龄组457例（32.23 %）,12~23月龄组479例（33.78 %）。母乳喂养率为45.06 %,随月龄增加母乳喂养率降低（x²=234.486,P<0.05）。奶瓶喂养率为74.75 %,随月龄增加奶瓶喂养率升高（x²=75.671,P<0.05）。膳食多样性总满分率为67.42 %,满分率随月龄增加而增加（x²=154.146,P<0.05）。6~8、9~11月龄食物频率总满分率由高到低依次为谷类、蔬菜/水果、蛋/鱼/禽肉类、豆类及其制品、畜肉类;12~23月龄依次为奶类及其制品、蔬菜/水果、蛋/鱼/禽肉类、畜肉类、豆类及其制品。三个月龄组间食物频率评分随月龄增加而增加（F=1240.819,P<0.05）。喂养频率满分率为41.11 %（583/1418）,随月龄增加而降低（x²=149.05,P<0.05）。结论：ICFI可客观地反映婴幼儿的喂养状况,目前6~23月龄婴幼儿喂养状况不容乐观,喂养状况随着月龄减小而变差。     

广州地区育龄人群地中海贫血基因分型及筛查漏检误诊的原因分析

摘要 目的：了解广州地区育龄人群的地中海贫血（简称：地贫）基因携带率及基因型分布特征,分析地贫筛查的漏检和误诊原因,为育龄地贫基因携带者进行人工辅助受孕提供依据。方法：收集2019年1月到2021年12月在我院生殖医学科就诊并同时进行地贫筛查及地贫基因检测的育龄患者31455例,分析其地贫相关实验室检查结果,包括红细胞参数、红细胞渗透脆性、血红蛋白电泳及地贫基因检测,计算地贫基因携带率,并通过比较筛查和基因检测结果找出漏筛和误诊病例。结果：共检出育龄地贫基因携带者4455例,地贫基因携带率为14.16 %。其中,α-地中海贫血3365例,常见的基因型有-- ^SEA /αα、-α^3.7/αα和 -α^4.2/αα;β-地中海贫血914例,常见的基因型有β^{CD41-42(-TCCT)} /β ^N 、β^{IVS-2-654(C→T)} /β ^N 和β^-28(A→G) /β ^N ;α-合并β-地中海贫血176例,最常见的基因型是β^{CD41-42(-TCCT)} /β ^N /-- ^SEA /αα。漏筛病例有731例,多为静止型α-地贫。误诊病例有4784例,其中有2701例误诊病例其红细胞渗透脆性和红细胞参数均正常,仅因HbA2<2.5 %且HbA>97.5 %被误诊为携带地贫基因。结论：广州地区的育龄人群具有较高的地贫基因携带率,静止型α-地贫容易在筛查中被漏检。     

小儿肺咳颗粒联合头孢呋辛酯治疗急性支气管炎患儿的临床疗效及对免疫功能和炎症指标的影响

摘要 目的：探讨小儿肺咳颗粒联合头孢呋辛酯治疗急性支气管炎患儿的临床疗效及对免疫功能和炎症指标的影响。方法：将我院2019年1月到2020年12月期间接收的88例急性支气管炎患儿以信封抽签法的方式分为对照组（头孢呋辛酯治疗）和观察组（小儿肺咳颗粒联合头孢呋辛酯治疗）,各44例,两组患儿均治疗10 d。观察两组患儿疗效、临床症状消失时间、免疫功能、炎症因子及不良反应。结果：观察组患儿临床总有效率为90.91%（40/44）,高于对照组患儿的70.45%（31/44）（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,观察组的临床症状消失时间（肺部啰音、咳嗽、发热）更短（P<0.05）。治疗10 d后,观察组CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺高于对照组,CD8⁺低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗10 d后,观察组血清白介素-6（IL-6）、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：急性支气管炎患儿在头孢呋辛酯治疗的基础上给予小儿肺咳颗粒治疗,症状缓解时间缩短,同时还可有效降低血清炎症因子水平,提高患儿免疫力,安全可靠。     

rh-INFα2b治疗儿童毛细支气管炎的疗效及对免疫功能的调节作用

摘要 目的：探讨重组人干扰素α2b(rh-INFα2b)治疗儿童毛细支气管炎的临床效果及对免疫功能的调节作用。方法：选取我院儿科收治的毛细支气管炎患儿134例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组各67例。两组均给予基础治疗措施,观察组采用雾化rh-INFα2b治疗,疗程均为一周。对比两组治疗前后的咳嗽、喘息、哮鸣音、三凹征症状评分、外周血T淋巴细胞分布、血清白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)水平的变化。结果：观察组治疗后的咳嗽、喘息、哮鸣音、三凹征症状评分均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),而CD8⁺测定值、血清IL-4、IFN-γ、IL-2水平均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗7d后,观察组的痊愈率53.73%、显效率32.84%、有效率11.94%、无效率1.49%,对照组的痊愈率37.31%、显效率38.81%、有效率19.40%、无效率4.48%,观察组的痊愈率显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论：雾化rh-INFα2b可显著提高儿童毛细支气管炎的临床疗效,增强其免疫功能。     

小儿肺热咳喘口服液联合布地奈德雾化吸入治疗小儿喘息性支气管炎的疗效及改善机体炎症反应和免疫力的效果研究

摘要 目的：探讨小儿喘息性支气管炎经布地奈德雾化吸入、小儿肺热咳喘口服液联合治疗后的疗效及改善机体炎症反应和免疫力的效果。方法：选取2018年1月~2022年6月期间我院收治的60例小儿喘息性支气管炎作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为对照组（n=30,接受布地奈德单药治疗）和观察组（n=30,接受布地奈德联合小儿肺热咳喘口服液治疗）。对比两组临床疗效、临床症状改善情况、T淋巴细胞亚群、炎症因子和不良反应。结果：与对照组73.33%（22/30）比较,观察组临床总有效率93.33%（28/30）明显升高（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,观察组热退时间和哮鸣音/咳嗽/喘息消失时间更短（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,观察组治疗5 d后CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺更高,CD8⁺更低（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,观察组治疗5 d后C反应蛋白（CRP）、白介素-6（IL-6）、降钙素原（PCT）更低（P<0.05）。两组均未出现明显的药物不良反应。结论：小儿喘息性支气管炎采用小儿肺热咳喘口服液联合布地奈德雾化吸入治疗,可使症状缓解时间缩短,降低患儿炎症因子水平,提高其免疫力。     

间羟苯甲酸4－羟化酶纯化及部分性质研究

经超声破碎、硫酸铵分级沉淀、凝胶过滤、磷酸钙胶层析和离子交换层析等步骤, 从Comamonas testosteroni菌株中获得了SDS-PAGE单一条带, 相对分子质量为62×10³的间羟苯甲酸4-羟化酶比活提高21倍, 产率为30%.此酶为FAD加单氧酶, 催化间羟苯甲酸转变为3,4二羟苯甲酸.     

rhGM-CSF联合氨磷汀治疗放射性口腔黏膜炎的临床疗效及对外周血淋巴细胞亚群的影响

摘要 目的：研究重组人粒细胞/巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（rhGM-CSF）联合氨磷汀治疗放射性口腔黏膜炎患者的临床治疗疗效以及对外周血淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法：选取2019年1月到2020年12月在我院接收治疗的放射性口腔黏膜炎患者60例,随机分为对照组和rhGM-CSF组两组,每组30例。对照组接受静脉滴注氨磷汀治疗,rhGM-CSF组接受rhGM-CSF漱口液漱口联合静脉滴注氨磷汀治疗。比较两组患者临床治疗疗效、治疗后口腔黏膜炎评分、疼痛评分、吞咽功能、血清炎症因子以及外周血淋巴细胞亚型。结果：（1）rhGM-CSF组患者临床治愈率和治疗总有效率分别为26.67 %和90.00 %,均高于对照组6.67 %临床治愈率和70.00 %临床治疗总有效率（P<0.05）。（2）治疗后,rhGM-CSF组口腔黏膜炎评分、疼痛评分、吞咽功能、血清干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）和白介素-6（IL-6）含量均显著低于对照组患者（P<0.05）。（3）rhGM-CSF组患者治疗后外周血CD3⁺T淋巴细胞与对照组比较无差异（P>0.05）,外周血CD4⁺和CD4⁺/CD8⁺T淋巴细胞亚群显著高于对照组患者,而CD8⁺T淋巴细胞亚群显著低于对照组患者（P<0.05）。结论：rhGM-CSF漱口液联合静脉滴注氨磷汀治疗治疗放射性口腔黏膜炎临床疗效更优,有助于减轻患者外周血炎症反应,增强细胞免疫功能。     

HIV/AIDS患者抗病毒治疗前HIV-1耐药情况调查及外周血CD8+T细胞CD38表达水平研究

摘要 目的：分析人免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病（HIV/AIDS）患者抗病毒治疗前HIV-1耐药以及影响因素,探讨HIV/AIDS患者外周血CD₈⁺T细胞CD₃₈表达（CD₈⁺CD₃₈⁺T淋巴细胞百分比）与CD₄⁺T淋巴细胞计数的相关性。方法：选择2016年3月至2019年12月我院接诊的442例HIV/AIDS患者（HIV/AIDS组）和163例同期于我院进行体检的健康志愿者（对照组）,HIV/AIDS组扩增pol基因,进行HIV-1基因耐药分析,检测CD₈⁺CD₃₈⁺T淋巴细胞百分比、CD₄⁺T淋巴细胞计数、CD₈⁺T淋巴细胞计数。分析HIV/AIDS患者HIV-1耐药的影响因素,分析CD₈⁺CD₃₈⁺T淋巴细胞百分比与CD₄⁺T淋巴细胞计数、CD₈⁺T淋巴细胞计数相关性。结果：HIV/AIDS组442例HIV/AIDS患者中376例获得HIV-1 pol基因序列,HIV-1耐药35例,耐药率9.31%（35/376）。单因素分析结果显示耐药组和非耐药组在年龄、文化程度、感染途径、HIV病毒载量方面差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示同性性传播、注射吸毒、高HIV病毒载量是HIV/AIDS患者抗病毒治疗前HIV-1耐药的危险因素（P＜0.05）。HIV/AIDS组外周血CD₄⁺T淋巴细胞计数、CD₈⁺T淋巴细胞计数低于对照组（P＜0.05）,CD₈⁺CD₃₈⁺T淋巴细胞百分比高于对照组（P＜0.05）。CD₈⁺CD₃₈⁺T淋巴细胞百分比与CD₄⁺T淋巴细胞计数、CD₈⁺T淋巴细胞计数呈负相关（P＜0.05）。结论：抗病毒治疗前HIV/AIDS患者存在一定HIV-1耐药率,传播途径、HIV-1病毒载量与HIV-1耐药有关。CD₈⁺T细胞表面CD₃₈过表达与HIV/AIDS 患者CD₄⁺T T细胞的过度消耗有关。     

生物安全三级实验室核心区排风高效空气过滤器原位消毒的研究

<实验室生物安全通用要求>(GB19489-2008)要求生物安全三级实验室"应可以在原位对排风高效空气(HEPA)过滤器进行消毒灭菌".BSL-3实验室核心区排风HEPA过滤器是保证实验操作过程中产生的感染性气溶胶不外泄的最后防线,为了保障环境安全,需在原位实现HEPA过滤器的消毒.本研究设计并制作了循环消毒样机,与排风HEPA过滤器排风箱体的消毒接口连接,利用循环气流带动甲醛蒸汽循环实现原位消毒.结果显示,室温条件下甲醛蒸汽浓度16 mg/L,相对湿度70%,持续熏蒸循环穿透运行12 h,布置于HEPA过滤器排风箱体内用于指示消毒效果的金黄色葡萄球菌、耻垢分枝杆菌、枯草芽胞杆菌及嗜热脂肪芽胞杆菌均被完全杀灭,从设备及方法学两方面实现了排风HEPA过滤器的原位消毒.     

Mold colonization during use of preservative-treated and untreated air filters, including HEPA filters from hospitals and commercial locations over an 8-year period (1996–2003)

High efficiency particulate arrestance (HEPA; 99.97% efficient at 0.3 m) filters, filters with ASHRAE particulate arrestance rating of 90–95% at 1 m (90–95% filters), and lower efficiency cellulosic-polyester filters from air conditioning systems in hospitals and commercial buildings were removed from the systems and examined microscopically for mold colonization. Cellulosic-type filters from systems with water entrainment problems typically were colonized, or became colonized upon incubation in moisture chambers. Species of Acremonium, Aspergillus, and Cladosporium were most common. With air filters of all types, treatment of filter media with an antimicrobial preservative tended to reduce or delay colonization. Mold colonization of HEPA and 90–95% filters was observed most often on the load surfaces, but two untreated HEPA filters were permeated with fungi, one with Aspergillus flavus, the other with Cladosporium sp. Air filters in heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, particularly those with chronic or periodic exposure to moisture, may serve as point sources for indoor molds.     

Environmental assessment of sewage effluent disinfection system: electron beam, ultraviolet, and ozone using life cycle assessment

Purpose

This study assesses the impacts of three different disinfection processes of sewage effluent, namely the electron beam (E-beam), ultraviolet (UV), and ozone systems, on the environment by using life cycle assessment (LCA).

Methods

The LCA employed was the comparative LCA which consists of three parts according to life cycle stages. Electricity consumption was the reference flow that can yield 99% disinfection efficiency for microorganisms present in a 1?×?10⁵?m³?day^?1 sewage treatment plant effluent over 20?years.

Results

The comparison of the LCA results indicated that the environmental impact of the UV disinfection system was the lowest, followed by the E-beam and ozone disinfection systems. The key issues of the E-beam, UV, and ozone disinfection systems are electricity consumption and SF₆ usage, electricity consumption and UV lamp, and electricity consumption and liquid oxygen feeding system, respectively.

Conclusions

Electricity consumption is the key input parameter that determines the LCA results.     

某新型冠状病毒肺炎定点医院病区终末消毒控制措施及效果监测

摘要 目的：了解新型冠状病毒（以下简称"新冠"）肺炎定点医院病区终末消毒控制措施并监测其消毒效果。方法：对中山大学附属第五医院隔离病区实施终末消毒，并对终末消毒前后空气和物表进行采样检测及终末消毒后环境进行采样检测，评估消毒效果。结果：对14个隔离病区开展了终末消毒，终末消毒前后均采集空气沉降菌样品156份、物表样品254份，终末消毒后采集环境核酸样品209份进行消毒效果评价。各隔离病区经终末消毒后空气消毒效果合格率均为100.00%，高于终末消毒前空气消毒效果合格率76.20%（P<0.05）；终末消毒后物表消毒效果为94.88%，高于终末消毒前物表消毒效果合格率71.65%（P<0.05）；终末消毒后环境核酸检测结果均为阴性。结论：中山大学附属第五医院各隔离病区经终末消毒后各项指标均符合终末消毒评价要求。     

EFFECTS OF INCREASING UV‐B RADIATION DUE TO OZONE DEPLETION ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF ANTARCTIC CYANOBACTERIA

Ground level ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B; 290–320 nm) fluxes in Antarctica have been increasing due to stratospheric ozone depletion. Although mat‐forming cyanobacteria are major component of freshwater algal biomass in Antarctica, little is known about their response to increasing ultraviolet radiation (UVR). The present study evaluated the sensitivity to UVR of two strains of mat‐forming cyanobacteria with different cell size, Phormidium murrayi (6.0 x 3.2 μm) and Schizothrix calcicola (2.2 x 2.3 μm). Cyanobacterial photosynthesis was measured under different UV spectral quality and quantity achieved by polychromatic filters with different cutoff wavelengths and neutral density screens. The productivity and irradiance data were used to generate biological weighting functions (BWF) for the assessment of UV inhibition on photosynthesis. The kinetics of UV inhibition, as determined by PAM fluorometry, differed between the two species so that inhibition of P. murrayi and S. calcicola were modeled based on UV‐irradiance and cumulative exposure, respectively. After a one hour exposure, BWF's did not differ between the two isolates of cyanobacteria despite their differences in cell size. To evaluate the negative impact of increased UV‐B exposure due to ozone depletion on cyanobacteria, the BWF's were applied to two solar spectra obtained from McMurdo Station, one on a day when the ozone hole was prominent (O₃ = 170 Dobson units; DU = 10‐3 cm O₃), and the other on a day with high ozone concentration (O₃ = 328 DU). The decrease in ozone level would reduce productivity by 3–8%. Seasonal variation of UVR has a bigger impact on cyanobacterial productivity than ozone depletion.     

The impact of ultraviolet-B radiation on the motility of the freshwater epipelic diatom Nitzschia lineariz

Depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer has been of increased concern due to correlated increases in ambient ultraviolet radiation. Our research investigated the diel response of the motile behaviour of Nitzschia lineariz in both natural (freshwater stream) and experimental conditions. We classified the behaviour of individual diatom cells as gliding, immobile and oscillating. The experimental conditions were of simultaneous exposure either to net ambient solar radiation (control) or to ambient plus enhanced UV-B levels (treatment). UV-B for the control condition was filtered out using polyester filters; cells exposed to UV-B were irradiated through cellulose diacetate filters. UVB-313 levels were augmented to 33% (290 mW m^–2) and 66% (365 mW m^–2) above the local average ambient levels (220 mW m^–2) for 10 h. The mobile behaviour of cells was examined and quantified every 2 consecutive hours from dawn to dusk in subsampled populations. The number of gliding cells in subsample populations declined on overcast days at both the 33 and 66% UV-B enhancement levels, whereas the number of immobile and oscillating cells increased with increased UV-B exposure. On sunny days, mobile behaviour was not affected at either enhancement level, which suggests that cellular repair mechanisms may be activated during sunny conditions.     

Gold nanomaterials as key suppliers in biological and chemical sensing,catalysis, and medicine

BackgroundGold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with unique physicochemical properties have received a great deal of interest in the field of biological, chemical and biomedical implementations. Despite the widespread use of AuNPs in chemical and biological sensing, catalysis, imaging and diagnosis, and more recently in therapy, no comprehensive summary has been provided to explain how AuNPs could aid in developing improved sensing and catalysts systems as well as medical settings.Scope of reviewThe chemistry of Au-based nanosystems was followed by reviewing different applications of Au nanomaterials in biological and chemical sensing, catalysis, imaging and diagnosis by a number of approaches, and finally synergistic combination therapy of different cancers. Afterwards, the clinical impacts of AuNPs, future application of AuNPs, and opportunities and challenges of AuNPs application were also discussed.Major conclusionsAuNPs show exclusive colloidal stability and are considered as ideal candidates for colorimetric detection, catalysis, imaging, and photothermal transducers, because their physicochemical properties can be tuned by adjusting their structural dimensions achieved by the different manufacturing methods.General significanceThis review provides some details about using AuNPs in sensing and catalysis applications as well as promising theranostic nanoplatforms for cancer imaging and diagnosis, and sensitive, non-invasive, and synergistic methods for cancer treatment in an almost comprehensive manner.     

Water disinfection using the novel approach of ozone and a liquid whistle reactor

A novel approach of ozone treatment assisted by a liquid whistle reactor (LWR), which generates hydrodynamic cavitation, has been explored for water disinfection using a simulated effluent containing Escherichia coli (E. coli), one of the dominant markers in faecal coliforms. A suspension having an E. coli concentration of approximately 10⁸ to 10⁹ CFU mL⁻¹ was introduced into the LWR to examine the effect of hydrodynamic cavitation alone and in combination with ozone. Operating conditions of inlet pressure and ozone doses as well as time of ozonation for individual operation along with the combined operation have been varied with the aim of maximizing the extent of disinfection and arriving at an optimum strategy for treatment. It has been observed that nearly 75% disinfection can be achieved in about 3 h of treatment time using an optimized combination of hydrodynamic cavitation and ozonation. This combination has been found to be a cost-effective technique for achieving maximum disinfection compared to the individual operation of hydrodynamic cavitation (lower extent of disinfection) and ozonation (higher costs of treatment usually due to higher cost of ozone generation).     

Disinfection of Water Containing Natural Organic Matter by Using Ozone-Initiated Radical Reactions

Ozone is widely used to disinfect drinking water and wastewater due to its strong biocidal oxidizing properties. Recently, it was reported that hydroxyl radicals (^·OH), resulting from ozone decomposition, play a significant role in microbial inactivation when Bacillus subtilis endospores were used as the test microorganisms in pH controlled distilled water. However, it is not yet known how natural organic matter (NOM), which is ubiquitous in sources of drinking water, affects this process of disinfection by ozone-initiated radical reactions. Two types of water matrix were considered for this study. One is water containing humic acid, which is commercially available. The other is water from the Han River. This study reported that hydroxyl radicals, initiated by the ozone chain reaction, were significantly effective at B. subtilis endospore inactivation in water containing NOM, as well as in pH-controlled distilled water. The type of NOM and the pH have a considerable effect on the percentage of disinfection by hydroxyl radicals, which ranged from 20 to 50%. In addition, the theoretical T value of hydroxyl radicals for 2-log B. subtilis removal was estimated to be about 2.4 × 10⁴ times smaller than that of ozone, assuming that there is no synergistic activity between ozone and hydroxyl radicals.     

次氯酸钠和洗必泰作为牙根管消毒冲洗液对根管内的感染物质的影响

摘要 目的：探究次氯酸钠和洗必泰作为牙根管消毒冲洗液的对根管内感染物质的影响。方法：选取76例接受根管治疗的患者根据随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组2组,其中对照组患者采用次氯酸钠治疗,观察组患者则采用次氯酸钠和洗必泰联合治疗。对比分析两组患者根管内细菌菌落计数、根管内感染物质、治疗效果、远期有效率和不良反应发生率。结果：根管消毒冲洗后观察组根管内细菌菌落计数和根管内感染物质显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组患者治疗总有效率和不良反应的发生率分别为100.00%和13.16%,对照组患者治疗总有效率和不良反应的发生率分别为88.00%和65.79%,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。另外,观察组患者第3个月、第6个月和1年后的治疗有效率均大于对照组。结论：次氯酸钠和洗必泰作为牙根管消毒冲洗液能够有效的减少根管内的感染物质的数量,提高治疗有效率,降低不良反应的发生率,值得临床推广使用。