首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
随着虫媒作物对传粉服务的需求日益增加,导致人工养殖的外来传粉者在全球范围内数量激增并大面积扩散,对本地植物-传粉者之间的互利关系造成极大影响,严重威胁当地生物多样性和生态系统稳定性。该文综述了外来传粉者对本地植物、本地传粉者以及传粉网络3个方面的影响。(1)外来传粉者与本地传粉者在形态特征和访花行为上的差异,使其对本地植物而言往往是低效或者无效的传粉者,从而对植物的繁殖成功造成负面影响;但是在传粉限制环境中,外来传粉者也可能起到重要的补充授粉作用。外来传粉者特定的访花偏好和对本地传粉者访花行为的影响会改变植物的花粉流和基因流,从而使植物种群的遗传结构发生变化。此外,外来传粉者会对植物的资源分配策略和花部结构发育施加新的选择压力,进而引导花部特征的适应性演变。(2)外来传粉者与本地传粉者会形成资源竞争或捕食关系,还可能干扰本地传粉者的生殖过程或造成病原体传播,从而对本地传粉者的物种多样性和丰富度构成极大威胁。(3)由于大多数外来传粉者都是泛化传粉者,促使它们能够很快整合到新生境的传粉网络中,与本地植物形成大量新的连接,往往使整个传粉网络的泛化水平和嵌套化程度升高,最终对传粉网络的稳定性产生深远影响。目前,我国针对外来传粉者的研究主要侧重于农业授粉应用,今后,应该更加重视外来传粉者进入自然生态系统后对本地开花植物、传粉者以及两者之间互作网络的结构和功能的影响机制研究,需要全面考虑物种、群落和生态系统3个不同的层次,同时扩展研究的地理尺度和时间尺度,在研究中注意结合新技术和新方法,并考虑全球变暖和农业集约化等趋势的影响。在外来传粉者在我国的分布区持续扩大的现状下,为保护本地植物和传粉者物种多样性,维持自然生态系统的原真性和稳定性,需要:(1)做好外来传粉者的引种规划和防控管理工作;(2)建立本地传粉者自然保护区,确定优先保护物种和优先保护区域;(3)大力开发和保护本地传粉者为农作物提供授粉服务,避免引入外来传粉者而导致生态危害。  相似文献   

2.
全球气候变化对生态系统的影响是人类社会面临的紧迫而又严峻的挑战。气候变化带来的极端气候事件的增多, 直接影响到生态系统生产力和服务功能。本文总结了气候变化对植物-传粉昆虫互作的研究进展, 强调植物-传粉昆虫互作网络结构和其时空演变的解析, 以及互作关系和功能性状重组研究的重要性。近年来在气温持续上升背景下对植物-传粉昆虫互作关系影响的研究也受到了更多关注, 这些研究主要集中在两方面: 一是植物和传粉昆虫分布区的变化, 包括部分种群可能灭绝; 二是物候的变化, 即植物花期和传粉昆虫活动期的改变。植物与传粉昆虫任何一方在空间或时间上的改变, 都会导致传粉关系的错配或丢失。此外, 也可能导致植物-传粉昆虫双方的功能性状及其耦合的改变, 从而影响其互作关系的稳定。建议在今后的研究中关注: (1)覆盖生物多样性的多个尺度的研究; (2)对植物-传粉者互作网络的长期监测; (3)重要指示物种繁殖适合度评价; (4)植物-传粉昆虫互作双方功能性状在时间和空间尺度上的变化, 及其互作关系的重组; (5)关键植物和传粉昆虫类群的评估和保护。  相似文献   

3.
全球气候变暖影响植物-传粉者网络的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
肖宜安  张斯斯  闫小红  董鸣 《生态学报》2015,35(12):3871-3880
植物与传粉者间相互作用,构成了复杂的传粉网络。目前,以气候变化为主要特征的全球变暖对植物-传粉者网络的影响备受关注,概述了近年来这方面研究的几个主要热点问题及其进展,和相关研究方法。并在此基础上,提出了气温持续上升背景下,植物-传粉者网络未来的研究趋势。当前研究的主要热点问题有:(1)气候变暖使植物、传粉者的物候发生变化,并通过影响植物的开花时间和传粉者活动时间,导致两者在物候时间上的不同步。(2)气候变暖导致植物、传粉者的群落结构变化,促使其地理分布向更高纬度和更高海拔扩散,这可能潜在的导致两者空间分布的不匹配。(3)植物和传粉者通过增加或减少其丰富度来响应气候变暖,可能导致传粉网络结构特征发生变化。(4)面对气候变暖导致植物和传粉者间物候和地理分布错配所引发的互作改变、甚至解体,传粉网络可通过自身网络结构及快速进化来缓冲和适应。在今后研究中,以下几个问题值得探讨:1)气候变暖对植物-传粉者网络影响的大时空尺度变异模式。2)多因素协同作用对植物-传粉者网络的影响特征。3)全球气候变暖对植物、传粉者物候匹配性影响的机理。  相似文献   

4.
大花铁线莲是我国东北地区兼具优良观赏性状及药用价值的野生植物资源.为了研究野生大花铁线莲在引种地的开花进程和传粉规律,探讨引种环境对其开花特性的影响,该文于2017—2018年间对大花铁线莲在个体、群体水平的开花物候和传粉特性进行了连续两年的观测和统计.结果表明:(1)大花铁线莲的群体花期在5月中旬至6月中下旬,两年个...  相似文献   

5.
探讨监测传粉者的方法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
种子植物的有性生殖依赖于花粉传递, 传粉者是花粉传递的媒介。传粉者为野生植物和农作物提供的传粉服务, 是我们绿色星球最重要的生态过程之一, 在维持生物多样性和农作物生产方面具有重要作用。农业集约化、生境破碎、全球气候变暖等因素加剧了传粉者衰减和灭绝的风险, 对生态系统的功能和农业生产造成了不利影响。为了维系植物与传粉者生态互作关系的稳定性, 人们建立了一系列从局部地区到国际、由普通民众到科研人员参与的传粉者监测项目, 以期掌握传粉生态系统的状况和发展趋势, 为自然和农业生态系统的健康提供预警和反馈。本文强调了监测传粉者的首要前提条件, 即正确区分传粉者和访花者; 总结了监测传粉者的直接和间接方法, 包括群落水平的直接观察监测, 以及利用关联数据进行间接推断与调查; 介绍了具有潜力的由大众参与的公众监测项目。针对7种常见传粉者类群, 讨论了可行的适用于各类群的监测方法, 为监测拓展到更多的传粉者类群提供了可能。期望能为生物多样性的保护、传粉者动态的精准监测提供建议与参考。  相似文献   

6.
植物与传粉者相互作用的研究及其意义   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
黄双全 《生物多样性》2007,15(6):569-575
生物多样性是生物及其与环境形成的生态复合体以及与此相关的各种生态过程的总和(蒋志刚等,1997),不仅体现在物种类别的多样性,而且体现在生态过程的复杂多样。认识生物多样性,特别是试图了解生物多样性的起源和形成机制,离不开生物与环境、生物与生物之间相互作用的研究。  相似文献   

7.
孙颖  崔兰明  李梦雨  王蕾  王欢  何淼 《广西植物》2018,38(5):608-616
该文对绵枣儿的开花物候与传粉特性进行了研究,分析了绵枣儿的开花进程、开花物候指数、开花物候指数对其生殖成功的影响,重点探讨了绵枣儿对传粉昆虫的种类及其活动规律。结果表明:(1)绵枣儿始花日期为7月中下旬,单株持续时间15 d左右,种群持续时间30~35 d。呈现出\"M\"型开花物候曲线,其两年的开花同步指数分别为0.862、0.885,表明开花的年际间差异较小。并且分析出植株的相对开花强度分布在30%~60%之间。(2)相关分析表明:绵枣儿的开花数目与坐果数和持续时间呈现出极显著正相关(P0.01),绵枣儿的持续时间与坐果数之间呈现出显著相关(P0.05),而其始花日期与开花数目、坐果数和持续时间并没有显现出相关性,即绵枣儿植株开花的数目越多,其坐果率越高,持续时间也就越长。(3)绵枣儿的访花昆虫总共有14种,可分属为5目10科。其中传粉昆虫有5科10种。该研究结果表明各传粉昆虫在单花停留的时间和其访花频率上呈现出显著的差异,在日访花频率上也差异明显。  相似文献   

8.
植物物候与气候研究进展   总被引:34,自引:1,他引:34       下载免费PDF全文
植物物候及其变化是多个环境因子综合影响的结果,其中气候是最重要、最活跃的环境因子。主要从气候环境角度分析了植物物候与气候以及气候变化间的相互关系,概述了国内外有关植物物候及物候模拟等方面的研究进展。表明,温度是影响物候变化最重要的因子;同时,水分成为胁迫因子时对物候的影响也十分重要。近50a左右,世界范围内的植物物候呈现出了春季物候提前,秋季物候推迟或略有推迟的特征,从而导致了多数植物生长季节的延长,并成为全球物候变化的趋势。全球气候变暖改变了植物开始和结束生长的日期,其中冬季、春季气温的升高使植物的春季物候提前是植物生长季延长的主要原因。目前对物候学的研究方向主要集中在探讨物候与气候变化之间的关系,而模型模拟是定量研究气候变化与植物物候之间关系的重要方式,国内外已经开发出多种物候模型来分析气候驱动与物候响应之间的因果关系。另外遥感资料的应用也为物候模型研究提供了新的方向。物候机理研究、物候与气候关系以及物候模型研究将是研究的重点。  相似文献   

9.
 榕树-传粉者共生体系是目前植物与昆虫协同进化研究中的典型模式之一。国内外已经开展了大量的相关研究,从不同方面探讨了其特殊的一一对应的共生关系。榕树-传粉者的专一性互惠共生关系中蕴含了与系统发育有关的多因子协同进化的机理,因此,进行系统发育研究将有助于更好地揭示榕树-传粉者的协同进化历史和理解二者的专一性互惠共生关系。本文简单地介绍了目前榕树及其传粉者共生体系的研究状况之后,论述了榕树-传粉者协同进化的系统发育分子生物学研究成果。同时针对国际上在榕属植物的传统的系统与分类研究中存在的一些分歧及榕树传粉者亚科分类不匹配等问题,回顾了榕属的分类研究进展及其与传粉者的关系。最后,结合我国榕树与传粉者共生体系的研究状况对我国榕属的重新分类和系统发育研究作了展望。  相似文献   

10.
李慢如  张玲 《生物多样性》2020,28(7):833-2627
桑寄生植物是一类自身可以进行光合作用的半寄生性灌木, 作为森林和林地的关键性资源可为鸟类等动物分类群提供重要的食物资源和巢址, 并影响当地的生物多样性。桑寄生植物隶属于檀香目, 包括5科88属约1,600种, 除极地、部分高寒和干旱沙漠地区外均有分布。桑寄生植物繁殖物候的研究对于了解“寄主植物-桑寄生植物-传粉/种子散布者系统”中物种相互作用网络的维持机制、生态系统结构的稳定性具有重要意义。本文综述了桑寄生植物在景观、群落和种群尺度上繁殖物候的表现类型, 发现桑寄生植物主要通过繁殖物候异步的方式延长物候期, 维持与传粉/种子散布者持久的互惠关系以保障自身种群的繁衍。该领域经过近年的发展, 已从单一地描述繁殖物候的表现类型到探究系统中寄主植物、传粉/种子散布者以及桑寄生植物自身生物学特性等因素的分析。通过前人的研究发现桑寄生植物繁殖物候对于该系统内相互作用的双方或多方有重要的适应意义, 今后首先应该对桑寄生植物的基础生物学背景进行研究, 然后还应加强实验验证, 进行多因素综合分析等来探讨桑寄生植物繁殖物候的生态学意义。  相似文献   

11.
    
The availability of sufficient and diverse resources across time is important for maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. In this study, we examine the potential for variation in environmental conditions across topographic gradients to extend floral resource timing. Flowering time on a landscape may vary across topography due to differences in abiotic factors, species turnover, or genotypic differences. However, the extent to which this variation in phenology affects overall flowering duration on a landscape, and the components of diversity that influence flowering duration, are unexplored. We investigate whether differences in flowering time due to topography yield an overall extension in duration of flowering resources in a northern California grassland. We recorded flowering time of pollinator resource species across four successive spring growing seasons (2015–2018) on paired north and south aspects. Flowering time differences were evaluated both at the community level and within species present on both paired aspects. The role of plasticity was examined in an experimental case study using genotypes of Lasthenia gracilis. We found that aspect is a strong determinant of phenology, with earlier flowering on warmer south‐facing slopes. Aspect differences resulted in complementarity in timing of flowering resources across sites, as aspects that started flowering earlier also ended earlier. Complementarity between north and south aspects served to extend the flowering time of pollinator resources by an average of 4–8 days (8%–15%), depending on the year. This extension can be attributed to both within‐species responses to aspect differences and species turnover. Flowering of L. gracilis genotypes was distinct across aspects, demonstrating that plasticity can drive the extension of flowering duration. Our findings indicate that heterogeneous topography can extend overall flowering time of pollinator resources, which may support pollinator biodiversity. Extension was most pronounced at the community level, which incorporates species turnover as well as plastic and genotypic differences within species.  相似文献   

12.
青藏高原东缘高寒草甸植物群落的开花物候   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
利用2008年整个生长季的地面花期物候观测数据,初步研究了青藏高原东缘高寒草甸植物群落开花物候的动态、格局、参数间的联系及其与物种共存的关系.结果表明:植物群落的花期从5月初开始,8月上旬进入开花数目的高峰期,到10月初结束,遍及整个生长季节;不同物种进入花期的时间、峰值期及持续时间不同,各物种花期物候生态位相分离,但群落中大部分物种开花峰值期主要集中在7-8月;不同物种的开花峰值期时间与花期持续时间有负相关关系:开花越早的植物其花期持续时间越长;物种间的开花物候差异主要是由植物本身的特性和环境条件共同决定的,而群落水平上的开花物候格局主要受非生物因素的控制.
Abstract:
Based on the observation on the flowering phenology in the whole growth season of 2008, the dynamics, patterns, and relationships among various parameters of flowering phenology of alpine meadow plant community in eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were studied, and the potential effects of above-mentioned factors on the species coexistence of the plant community were approached. The flowering period of the plant community started from early May, came into peak period in the first ten days of August, and ended in early October, extending all over whole growth period. Different species had their different first flowering date, peak flowering period, and flowering duration, and their flowering phenologieal niches differentiated obviously. Most species had their peak flowering period centralized in July-August. There was a negative rela-tionship between peak flowering period and flowering duration: the earlier the flowering, the lon-ger the flowering duration. The differences in flowering phonology among the species were mainly determined by species per se characteristics and environmental conditions, but the flowering phe-nological pattern on community level was primarily controlled by abiotic factors.  相似文献   

13.
The influence of foraging by the ant, Lasius niger, on the population growth of two aphid species, Lachnus tropicalis and Myzocallis kuricola, on chestnut trees, Castanea crenata, was examined. The ant-tending effect was divergent depending on the aphid density per ant: it was positive when there were few aphids per ant, but negative when there were many aphids per ant. In addition, the density of one aphid species also influenced the ant-tending effect on the other aphid. Furthermore, the influences were asymmetrical: an increase in L. tropicalis density per ant reversed the ants effect on this species and on M. kuricola, while an increase in M. kuricola per ant did not significantly influence the ants effect on L. tropicalis. Thus, the ant seems to stabilize the L. tropicalis population density and keep this species from extinction, while the ants effect on M. kuricola depends on the density of L. tropicalis and may lead M. kuricola to extermination. This change in the ant-tending effect corresponds to the previously detected density-dependent change in predation activity of the ants on aphids. In contrast, the density-dependent change in the protection effect of the ants against natural enemies does not explain the results.  相似文献   

14.
Although pollinators can play a central role in determining the structure and stability of plant communities, little is known about how their adaptive foraging behaviours at the individual level, e.g. flower constancy, structure these interactions. Here, we construct a mathematical model that integrates individual adaptive foraging behaviour and population dynamics of a community consisting of two plant species and a pollinator species. We find that adaptive foraging at the individual level, as a complementary mechanism to adaptive foraging at the species level, can further enhance the coexistence of plant species through niche partitioning between conspecific pollinators. The stabilizing effect is stronger than that of unbiased generalists when there is also strong competition between plant species over other resources, but less so than that of multiple specialist species. This suggests that adaptive foraging in mutualistic interactions can have a very different impact on the plant community structure from that in predator–prey interactions. In addition, the adaptive behaviour of individual pollinators may cause a sharp regime shift for invading plant species. These results indicate the importance of integrating individual adaptive behaviour and population dynamics for the conservation of native plant communities.  相似文献   

15.
Phenological advancement allows individuals to adapt to climate change by timing life‐history events to the availability of key resources so that individual fitness is maximized. However, different trophic levels may respond to changes in their environment at different rates, potentially leading to a phenological mismatch. This may be especially apparent in the highly seasonal arctic environment that is experiencing the effects of climate change more so than any other region. During a 14‐year study near Utqia?vik (formerly Barrow), Alaska, we estimated phenological advancement in egg laying in relation to snowmelt for eight arctic‐breeding shorebirds and investigated potential linkages to species‐specific life‐history characteristics. We found that snowmelt advanced 0.8 days/year—six times faster than the prior 60‐year period. During this same time, six of the eight species exhibited phenological advancement in laying dates (varying among species from 0.1 to 0.9 days earlier per year), although no species appeared capable of keeping pace with advancing snowmelt. Phenological changes were likely the result of high phenotypic plasticity, as all species investigated in this study showed high interannual variability in lay dates. Commonality among species with similar response rates to timing of snowmelt suggests that nesting later and having an opportunistic settlement strategy may increase the adaptability of some species to changing climate conditions. Other life‐history characteristics, such as migration strategy, previous site experience, and mate fidelity did not influence the ability of individuals to advance laying dates. As a failure to advance egg laying is likely to result in greater phenological mismatch, our study provides an initial assessment of the relative risk of species to long‐term climatic changes.  相似文献   

16.
《植物生态学报》2018,42(9):906
季节性是北京植物景观的典型特征, 而个体物候是植物景观季节动态的基础。该研究基于北京植物园内120种落叶树种的周年物候数据, 对北京植物景观的物候季节动态进行分析。物候观测以中国物候观测法为标准, 采用a、b、c三级物候代码进行物候记录; 数据分析以二十四节气中的候(5日)为基本时间变量, 基于频率分布型法探究北京物候季节划分及其物候构成动态, 基于SPSS 20.0频数分布统计等探究各类物候现象发生期及持续期的时间分布特征等。物候季节划分及物候构成特征结果为: 6-19候为春, 物候期发生频数占全年总量的54.03%, 以发芽、展叶、开花为主要物候特征, 后期有少数树种结果; 20-45候为夏, 物候量占全年的12.95%, 此期全部观测树种完成展叶, 春花树种进入结果期, 并有较少夏花开放及秋色叶出现; 46-59候为秋, 物候量占全年的27.19%, 以秋色叶及落叶物候为主并伴有较少结果和开花物候发生; 60候至次年春季起始前为冬, 其中60-72候物候量仅占全年的0.6%, 全为落叶物候。各类物候期的时间分布特征如下: 展叶物候期分布于3-23候, 华北珍珠梅(Sorbaria kirilowii)、旱柳(Salix matsudana)等展叶最早, 展叶期平均持续3.27候。秋色物候期分布于40-63候, 49-56候为最佳观赏期, 蒙椴(Tilia mongolica)、山杏(Armeniaca sibirica)等最早显秋色; 秋色期平均持续8.2候, 卫矛(Euonymus alatus)、接骨木(Sambucus williamsii)等秋色期较长。叶幕期平均持续44.2候, 糯米条(Abelia chinensis)、旱柳、棣棠(Kerria japonica)等叶幕期最长。花物候期分布于1-53候, 始花期为1-41候, 盛花期平均发生于始花后1.81候, 8-23候为集中观赏期, 蜡梅(Chimonanthus praecox)、迎春(Jasminum nudiflorum)、榆(Ulmus pumila)、毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)等开花最早, 木香薷(Elsholtzia stauntoni)开花最晚; 花期平均持续 6.7候, 华北珍珠梅、木槿(Hibiscus syriacus)、紫薇(Lagerstroemia indica)等夏秋开花树种花期最长。果物候期分布于8-59候, 榆、郁香忍冬(Lonicera fragrantissima)等果实成熟最早; 持果期平均持续29.0候, 果实宿存树种及黑果荚蒾(Viburnum melanocarpum)、‘金叶’风箱果(Physocarpus opulifolius ‘Luteus’)等具有较长的果实观赏期。与20世纪80年代同类研究结果对比分析, 北京2017年的物候季节与30年前相比, 入春提早1候, 夏季延长4候, 入秋延后3候, 秋季缩短2候, 且不同季节持续期长短的差距加大。  相似文献   

17.
    
Climate change has led to phenological shifts in flowering plants and insect pollinators, causing concern that these shifts will disrupt plant-pollinator mutualisms. We experimentally investigated how shifts in flowering onset affect pollinator visitation for 14 native perennial plant species, six of which have exhibited shifts to earlier flowering over the last 70 years and eight of which have not. We manipulated flowering onset in greenhouses and then observed pollinator visitation in the field. Five of six species with historically advanced flowering received more visits when flowering was experimentally advanced, whereas seven of eight species with historically unchanged flowering received fewer visits when flowering earlier. This pattern suggests that species unconstrained by pollinators have advanced their flowering, whereas species constrained by pollinators have not. In contrast to current concern about phenological mismatches disrupting plant-pollinator mutualisms, mismatches at the onset of flowering are not occurring for most of our study species.  相似文献   

18.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
1. Few theoretical studies have examined the impact of immigration and emigration on mutualist population dynamics, but a recent empirical study (A.R. Thompson Oecologia, 143, 61-69) on mutualistic fish and shrimp showed that immigration can prevent population collapse, and that intraspecific competition for a mutualistic partner can curb population expansion. To understand in a theoretical context the implications of these results, and to assess their generality, we present a two-species model that accounts explicitly for immigration and emigration, as well as distinguishing the impacts of mutualism on birth rates, death rates and habitat acquisition. 2. The model confirms that immigration can stabilize mutualistic populations, and predicts that high immigration, along with enhanced reproduction and/or reduced mortality through mutualism, can cause population sizes to increase until habitat availability curbs further expansion. 3. We explore in detail the effects of different forms of habitat limitation on mutualistic populations. Habitat availability commonly limits the density of both populations if mutualists acquire shelter independently. If a mutualist depends on a partner for habitat, densities of that mutualist are capped by the amount of space provided by that partner. The density of the shelter-provider is limited by the environment. 4. If a mutualism solely augments reproduction, and most locally produced individuals leave the focal patch, then the mutualism will have a minimal effect on local dynamics. If the mutualism operates by reducing rates of death or enhancing habitat availability, and there is at least some immigration, then mutualism will affect local dynamics. This finding may be particularly relevant in marine systems, where there is high variability (among species and locations) in the extent to which progeny disperse from natal locations. 5. Overall, our results demonstrate that the consequences of immigration and emigration for the dynamics of mutualists depend strongly on which demographic rate is influenced by mutualism. 6. By relating our model to a variety of terrestrial and aquatic systems, we provide a general framework to guide future empirical studies of the dynamics of mutualistic populations.  相似文献   

19.
    
Identifying how plant-enemy interactions contribute to the success of introduced species has been a subject of much research, while the role of plant-pollinator interactions has received less attention. The ability to reproduce in new environments is essential for the successful establishment and spread of introduced species. Introduced plant species that are not capable of autonomous self-fertilization and are unable to attract resident pollinators may suffer from pollen limitation. Our study quantifies the degree of autogamy and pollination ecology of 10 closely related pairs of native and introduced plant species at a single site near St. Louis, Missouri, USA. Most of these species pairs had similar capacities for autogamy; however, of those that differed, the introduced species were more autogamous than their native congeners. Most introduced plants have pollinator visitation rates similar to those of their native congeners. Of the 20 species studied, only three had significant pollen limitation. We suggest that the success of most introduced plant species is because they are highly autogamous or because their pollinator visitation rates are similar to those of their native relatives. Understanding and identifying traits related to pollination success that are key in successful introductions may allow better understanding and prediction of biological invasions.  相似文献   

20.
季节性是北京植物景观的典型特征, 而个体物候是植物景观季节动态的基础。该研究基于北京植物园内120种落叶树种的周年物候数据, 对北京植物景观的物候季节动态进行分析。物候观测以中国物候观测法为标准, 采用a、b、c三级物候代码进行物候记录; 数据分析以二十四节气中的候(5日)为基本时间变量, 基于频率分布型法探究北京物候季节划分及其物候构成动态, 基于SPSS 20.0频数分布统计等探究各类物候现象发生期及持续期的时间分布特征等。物候季节划分及物候构成特征结果为: 6-19候为春, 物候期发生频数占全年总量的54.03%, 以发芽、展叶、开花为主要物候特征, 后期有少数树种结果; 20-45候为夏, 物候量占全年的12.95%, 此期全部观测树种完成展叶, 春花树种进入结果期, 并有较少夏花开放及秋色叶出现; 46-59候为秋, 物候量占全年的27.19%, 以秋色叶及落叶物候为主并伴有较少结果和开花物候发生; 60候至次年春季起始前为冬, 其中60-72候物候量仅占全年的0.6%, 全为落叶物候。各类物候期的时间分布特征如下: 展叶物候期分布于3-23候, 华北珍珠梅(Sorbaria kirilowii)、旱柳(Salix matsudana)等展叶最早, 展叶期平均持续3.27候。秋色物候期分布于40-63候, 49-56候为最佳观赏期, 蒙椴(Tilia mongolica)、山杏(Armeniaca sibirica)等最早显秋色; 秋色期平均持续8.2候, 卫矛(Euonymus alatus)、接骨木(Sambucus williamsii)等秋色期较长。叶幕期平均持续44.2候, 糯米条(Abelia chinensis)、旱柳、棣棠(Kerria japonica)等叶幕期最长。花物候期分布于1-53候, 始花期为1-41候, 盛花期平均发生于始花后1.81候, 8-23候为集中观赏期, 蜡梅(Chimonanthus praecox)、迎春(Jasminum nudiflorum)、榆(Ulmus pumila)、毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)等开花最早, 木香薷(Elsholtzia stauntoni)开花最晚; 花期平均持续 6.7候, 华北珍珠梅、木槿(Hibiscus syriacus)、紫薇(Lagerstroemia indica)等夏秋开花树种花期最长。果物候期分布于8-59候, 榆、郁香忍冬(Lonicera fragrantissima)等果实成熟最早; 持果期平均持续29.0候, 果实宿存树种及黑果荚蒾(Viburnum melanocarpum)、‘金叶’风箱果(Physocarpus opulifolius ‘Luteus’)等具有较长的果实观赏期。与20世纪80年代同类研究结果对比分析, 北京2017年的物候季节与30年前相比, 入春提早1候, 夏季延长4候, 入秋延后3候, 秋季缩短2候, 且不同季节持续期长短的差距加大。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号