额尔齐斯河鱼类双身虫科一种属新记录

研究报道了2009年4月至2013年5月采自新疆北部额尔齐斯河(中国段)东方欧鳊(Abramis brama orientalis Berg, 1949)鳃上的1种双身虫科(Diplozoidae Palombi, 1949)、双身虫亚科(Diplozoinae Palombi, 1949)、双身虫属(Diplozoon Nordmann, 1832)的奇异双身虫(Diplozoon paradoxum Nordmann, 1832)。所获标本与Nordmann (1832)的原始描述基本一致, 仅各部分度量等方面略有差异, 经比较鉴定, 为我国一新记录种。同时, 双身虫属在我国也尚属首次发现, 为我国一新记录属。研究对奇异双身虫的主要形态特征进行了描述并绘制了全图和特征图, 测定其ITS-2 rDNA序列并与GenBank同亚科虫种进行比对, 确定其与欧洲已发现的奇异双身虫相似度达到99.5%, 并对该寄生虫的地理分布特点进行了探讨。       

额尔齐斯河高体雅罗鱼指环虫种群动态及中国一新记录种（英文）

2009年4月到2012年7月对额尔齐斯河(中国段)高体雅罗鱼鳃部寄生的指环虫进行了取样调查,以期了解该鱼指环虫的种群生态学特点。结果表明,高体雅罗鱼共感染了三种指环虫,分别为号筒指环虫、小刺指环虫、大翼指环虫,该鱼的总感染率为28.47%,平均感染强度为7.39(1—42)。感染率、感染强度在不同体长组的宿主中表现出不同的变化趋势,指环虫的感染率在30 cm以上的宿主中达到最大,为50%,而在L10范围内未发现感染;在不同体长组宿主中指环虫种群的分布类型主要为聚集分布,另外,根据形态学特征鉴定大翼指环虫(Dactylogyrus alatus f.major Linsyow,1878)为我国指环虫属一新记录种,论文对其主要形态特征进行了描述并绘制了特征图,同时与寄生于高体雅罗鱼鳃上的国内已记述指环虫属虫种的主要形态特征作了比较。     

额尔齐斯河高体雅罗鱼单殖吸虫中国二新纪录种

额尔齐斯河(Ergis River)发源于中蒙边境,地处欧亚大陆腹部,上游在我国境内,位于新疆阿尔泰地区东北部,长为500 km,流域面积50000 km2,是新疆三大河流之一,也是我国唯一一条北冰洋水系的国际河流。       

中国淡水鱼类寄生单殖吸虫锚首虫四新种：指环虫目：锚首虫科

本文报道并叙述我国四种寄生于淡水鱼上的锚首虫,它们是:福建锚首虫、江西锚首虫、鄱阳锚首虫和钱塘锚首虫,分别寄生于鳅、(鱼勾)和(鱼骨)属淡水鱼的鳃丝上,分布在我国福建建瓯、江西鄱阳湖、浙江曹娥江、钱塘江等淡水江湖中。文内各新种和相似种列表并描述了在形态特征上的相互差別,以确定该新种的成立。     

额尔齐斯河几种鱼类寄生三代虫种类鉴定及系统发育

对采自额尔齐斯河的银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch)、东方欧鳊(Abramis brama orientalis Berg)、黏鲈(Gymnocephalus cernua Linnaeus)、金鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum)感染的三代虫(Gyrodactylus sp.)进行了研究, 通过几丁质结构的形态测量与比较, 初步鉴定寄生于银鲫的为细锚三代(G. sprostonae), 寄生东方欧鳊的为秀丽三代虫(G. elegans), 寄生黏鲈的为普氏三代虫(G. prostate), 寄生金鳟的为细鳞鲑三代虫(G. brachymystacis)。同时将测定的三代虫的ITS序列, 与GenBank上三代虫序列进行比对分析, 发现上述4种三代虫分别与细锚三代虫、秀丽三代虫、细鳞鲑三代虫、普氏三代虫的ITS同源性都在99.3%以上, 进一步验证了形态学的鉴定结果。系统发育分析显示细鳞鲑三代虫和细锚三代虫位于G. (Limnonephrotus)亚属的一枝, 秀丽三代虫和普氏三代虫位于G. (Gyrodactylus)亚属的一枝, 而此两亚属亲缘关系较远。     

澜沧江鳘条寄生指环虫属两新种记述

本文记述了云南澜沧江水系景洪流域段(100°47'43″E,22°0'28″N)鳘条Hemiculter leucisculus(Basilewsky,1855)鳃丝上寄生指环虫属Dactylogyrus 2新种,以采集地命名为版纳指环虫Dactylogyrus bannaensis sp.nov.和景洪指环虫D.jinghongensis sp.nov.。版纳指环虫和景洪指环虫均为双联结片虫,基于后吸器,尤其是中央大钩、边缘小钩和交接器的形态学特征,鉴定为指环虫属科学上2新种。版纳指环虫交接器的形态有别于记录种船茎指环虫D.nilkolskyi Gussev,1955,版纳指环虫的交接管呈长带状,延伸至虫体左侧边缘阴道口处,末端微弯;感染率100%(40/40)。寄生于同一宿主的景洪指环虫,其交接器的形态有别于记录种红鲌指环虫D.erythroculteris和锥花指环虫D.pannosus,景洪指环虫的交接器呈彩虹状,交接管的一端基部膨大成漏斗状,另一端折叠;支持器"V"形,且中间包绕交接管;感染率100%(40/40)。     

南海扁鮀鲣寄生墨杯虫属单殖吸虫—中国新记录种

2011年11月14日,作者在广东省汕尾进行野生海水鱼类寄生单殖吸虫调查,于扁鮀鲣Auxis thazard thazard(Lacepède,1800)鳃上检获1种分室科单殖吸虫,经研究鉴定属于分室亚科(Capsalinae)墨杯虫属(Caballerocotyla)的群居墨杯虫(C.gregalis)。该种在我国未曾报道,为1中国新记录种,扁鮀鲣为宿主新记录。     

鲫寄生7种指环虫的形态学和分子鉴定

指环虫(Dactylogyrus sp.)是鲫(Carassius auratus)鳃部重要的致病寄生虫, 为调查鲫的指环虫种类, 采用形态学与分子生物学相结合的方法, 对梁子湖鲫的单殖吸虫进行了种类鉴定。通过对指环虫后吸器几丁质结构的形态特征描述和测量, 发现鳃部共有7种指环虫, 分别鉴定为坏鳃指环虫(D. vastator)、中型指环虫(D. intermedius)、弧形指环虫(D. arcuatus)、弓茎指环虫(D. baueri)、美丽指环虫(D. formosus)、望外指环虫(D. inexpeatatus)及叉茎指环虫(D. dulkeiti)。中型指环虫、美丽指环虫和叉茎指环虫与GenBank中相应指环虫的18S+ITS1+5.8S rDNA序列的相似性均高于99.0%, 弧形指环虫的基因序列为首次提交。而坏鳃指环虫与GenBank中相应的指环虫序列相似度仅有96.37%, 遗传距离分析显示, 坏鳃指环虫的种内遗传距离较大(0.004—0.058), 但小于坏鳃指环虫与中型指环虫的种间遗传距离(0.046—0.064)。研究重新描述我国鲫7种指环虫主要形态学分类特征, 并提供分子分类数据, 为鲫寄生指环虫的种类鉴定提供参考依据。     

中国鲟科一新记录种——小体鲟

在中国,小体鲟(Acipenser ruthenus)被认为自然分布于额尔齐斯河,但至今尚无发现该种的文献报道,在额尔齐斯河是否确有分布还存疑问。2019年9月,在中国额尔斯斯河下游(185团)采集到鲟类标本1尾,全长91.5 cm,体重5 520 g。标本背骨板11,侧骨板64,腹骨板12;口腹位,较小,口下唇中间断裂;鳃耙数17,符合小体鲟的形态特征。利用线粒体DNA Cyt b基因序列(1 141 bp),对鲟属10个物种的亲缘关系及系统发育进行分析,该种与分布于鄂毕河、多瑙河的小体鲟遗传距离最近(序列分歧为0～0.000 2),并在进化树中聚为一支,应属于种内关系。基于以上研究结果,可以确定该标本即为小体鲟,在额尔齐斯河首次被发现,为中国鲟科分布新记录种,标本保存于中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所鱼类标本馆(标本号80092871)。     

中国澜沧江鳗鲡科鱼类一新纪录——二色鳗

2006年8月1日在云南西双版纳州景洪段的澜沧江水域采集到鱼类标本1尾,经鉴定为中国澜沧江水域鳗鲡科鱼类一新记录种--二色鳗(AnguilIa bicolor McClelland,1844).本种的主要鉴别特征为:背鳍起点位于排泄孔上方.二色鳗分布于印度洋至太平洋地区沿岸的江河口及淡水内,为夜行性动物,喜食甲壳类动物和软体动物.     

A search for introgressive hybridization in the rudd, Scardinius erythrophthalmus (L.), and the roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.)

Rudd, roach and their hybrids from an interbreeding population at Norwich were examined electrophoretically for seven enzymes; an examination of pharyngeal teeth supplemented the data. The rudd were compared to rudd from Lake Trawsfynydd, Wales, a lake free from roach. No differences were observed between the rudd from the two localities and no evidence was found of introgression within the fish from Norwich.     

Histochemical characterization of myotomal muscle in the roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.)

A histochemical study of the myotomal muscles in the roach revealed three main muscle regions: red, intermediate and white. These were distinguished on the basis of glycogen content, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and myofibrillar ATPase (mATPase) activity. Except for the red fibre region, none of these described regions is homogeneous. The principal new findings are the toniclike fibre, the presence of a transitional zone with two fibre types, and the mosaic organization of the white fibre region. The significance of this type of myotome architecture in relation to the locomotion of the species is discussed.     

塔里木河流域发现河川沙塘鳢

2006年10月28日,作者在新疆阿拉尔市塔里木大学集贸市场采购到1尾活的属于塘鳢科小鱼;2007年6月15日,塔里木大学文理学院学生在新疆生产建设兵团农一师十二团八连(属阿拉尔市管辖)塔里木河灌溉沟渠中抓获一批小杂鱼,从中获得6尾与上述小鱼同样的鱼;     

Myxosporea parasites in roach, Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus), from four lakes in central Finland

Ten myxosporean species belonging to three families were found in roach, Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus), obtained in 1985 and 1986 from four lakes in central Finland which are connected to each other, but differ in water quality. One of the lakes is polluted by paper and pulp mill effluent, two are eutrophic and one is oligotrophic and still in its natural state. Eight species were found in all the lakes. The most common species were Myxidium rhodei Léger, 1905, Myxobolus muelleri Bütschli, 1882 and Myxobolus pseudodispar Gorbunova, 1936 with prevalences varying between 66–80, 16–31 and 32–59%, respectively, in the four lakes. The largest difference in myxosporean prevalence between lakes was found in the case of M. pseudodispar infection, which was highly significantly lower in the polluted lake. The locations of the myxosporean species in the tissues of the fish were found to be species-specific. M. rhodei and M. muelleri being prevalent in the kidney and M. pseudodispar in the muscles.
No clear seasonal variation was found but a tendency for a decrease in infection with increasing age was recorded in the case of M. rhodei and M. pseudodispar .     

Effect of starvation and refeeding on digestive enzyme activities in juvenile roach, Rutilus rutilus caspicus

We evaluated the effects of starvation and refeeding on digestive enzyme activities in juvenile roach, Rutilus rutilus caspicus. Fish were divided into four feeding groups (mean mass 1.68 ± 0.12 g). The control group was fed to satiation twice a day throughout the experiment with formulated diet (SFK). The other three groups were deprived of feed for 1(S1), 2(S2), and 3(S3) weeks, respectively, and then fed to satiation during the refeeding period. The results showed that trypsin specific activity was not affected significantly either by starvation or refeeding, in all experimental groups. Chymotrypsin specific activity did not change significantly in S1 fish during the experimental period. In S2 and S3 fish no significant changes were observed during the starvation period. Upon refeeding, the activity increased in S2 fish, while it decreased in S3 fish. Amylase specific activity decreased significantly during the starvation period in all experimental groups. Upon refeeding, the activity increased. Alkaline phosphatase specific activity did not change significantly during the experiment period in S3 fish, while it showed significant changes during the starvation and refeeding period in the S1 and S2 fish. Starvation also had a significant effect on the structure of the intestine.     

Shifts in the microhabitat of larval and juvenile roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.), in a floodplain channel

The microhabitat of roach larvae (stages L1–L6) and 0+ juveniles was examined in a braided channel (Ilon) of the Upper Rhone River, France, from weekly samples (spring-autumn 1985) using Point Abundance Sampling by electrofishing. During early development, microhabitat exploitation was characterized by two transitions: the first at larval step L3, when morphological and physiological attributes permit the active choice of microhabitat; the second at the end of the larval and start of the juvenile period. At larval step L3, and up to L5, roach were strongly associated with lentic waters of medium depth (0.5–1.0m) and with either macrophytes or ligneous debris. The L6 and 0+ juveniles were found more often than expected in shallower waters (< 0.2m, 0.2–0.5 m) and were no longer associated with dense vegetation or ligneous debris. However, both larval (L3–L6) and 0+ juvenile roach preferred silty sand and/or silted gravel, and a lack of current. This shift, from moderately deep waters with vegetation and/or branches as larvae to open shallow waters as juveniles, demonstrates the young roach's perception and response to environmental change, with shallows exploited as a refuge from predation when protective structures become scarce or unavailable.