大苞萱草染色体的核型分析

对大苞萱草体细胞染色体计数,并对其核型进行分析,结果表明:大苞萱草的染色体数目为 2n=22;核型公式为2n=2x=22=10m 6sm 4st 2T,染色体相对长度组成为2n=22=4L 6M2 10M1 2S, 属于2A型。全组染色体总长31．26μm,长臂总长为21．05μm,核型不对称系数为67．34％。     

北萱草与大苞萱草区分为不同物种的核型证据

在文献中,小萱草Hemerocallis dumortierii Morr、北萱草H．esculenta Koidz．和大苞萱草H．mid- dendorfii Trautv et Mey被认为属于同一生物学复合体,并被处理为同一物种的不同变种。本文比较分 析了北萱草及大苞萱草的核型。北萱草和大苞萱草的核型分别为:2n=2x=22=12m+8sm+2T和2n =2x=22=10m+6sm+4st+2T。两个类群的核型差异水平已超出种内变异水。另外,大苞萱草以其 具有宽大苞片包裹的类头状花序,并且产黑龙江和吉林东部,南达辽宁干山地区,但绝不分布到大陆40° N以南地区而显著不同于分布华中、华北的北萱草。根据核型、外部形态及地理分布资料的综合分析,北萱草与大苞萱草应区分为不同物种,而不是同一物种的不同变种;同时,在系统发育上大苞萱草比北萱草进化。     

甘肃萱草属植物的核型研究

本文研究了甘肃萱草属6种、1变种的染色体核型;黄花菜K(2n)=22=12m+10sm(2SAT);小黄花菜K(2n)=22=10m+12sm;北萱草K(2n)=22=8m+14sm;北黄花菜K(2n)=22=14m+6sm+2st;萱草K(2n)=22=12m+8sm+2st;重瓣萱草K(2n)=33=18m+12sm+3st:折叶萱草K(2n)=22=10m+10sm+2st。以上核型可自然地分成两大类群,第一类群包括小黄花菜、北萱草、黄花菜;第二类群包括折叶萱草、萱草、重瓣萱草、北黄花菜。     

甘肃萱草属─新变种

甘肃萱草属─新变种孔红王庆瑞（甘肃天水师范高等专科学校生物系,天水７４１０００）（西北师范大学植物研究所,兰州７３００７０）关键词萱草属;对苞萱草;甘肃ＡＮＥＷＶＡＲＩＥＴＹＯＦＨＥＭＥＲＯＣＡＬＬＩＳＦＲＯＭＧＡＮＳＵ￥ＫｏｎｇＨｏｎｇ（Ｄｅｐａｒ...     

大苞萱草ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立与优化

分别采用正交设计和单因子试验两种方法对影响大苞萱草ISSR-PCR反应体系的4个因素(Taq酶,Mg2+,dNTP,引物)在3个水平上进行优化试验。正交设计选用L9(34)方案,采用直观分析法获得影响因素最佳反应水平。单因子试验分别研究各因素对ISSR-PCR反应的影响情况,找出最佳反应水平。两种方法所得影响因素最佳水平存在差异,通过综合比较与分析,最终建立了大苞萱草ISSR-PCR的最佳反应体系。在20μL的反应体系中:Taq酶1 U,Mg2+1.5 mmol/L,dNTP0.20 mmol/L,引物0.4μmol/L,1×PCR buffer,30 ng模板DNA。在此基础上筛选出10个扩增稳定、多态性丰富的ISSR引物,并通过梯度PCR试验,确定引物最佳退火温度。     

吉林萱草属一新变种

正本文发表了吉林萱草属一新变种, 即长苞萱草Hemerocallis middendorfii Trauty et Mey. var. longibracteata Z. T. Xiong, var.nov.。     

长苞铁杉的核型分析及其分类学意义

本文首次分析了特产我国的长苞铁杉亚属(Subgen. Paleotsuga)的代表种长苞铁杉Tsuga longibracteata的核型,它全由中部和近中部着丝粒染色体组成,核型公式为K(2n)=24=22m 2sm,属“lA”类型。第12号染色体具“长着丝点区域”。染色体相对长度组成为2n=12M_2 10M_1 2S。作者发现铁杉亚属(Subgen. Tsuga)植物的核型全为“2A”类型。胞核学资料支持对长苞铁杉亚属和铁杉亚属的划分并表明前者(长苞铁杉)较为原始。长苞铁杉应隶于长苞铁杉亚属、长苞铁杉组。     

萱草属中国特有种的细胞分类研究

对萱草属3个中国特有种,折叶萱草、西南萱草和多花萱草间的亲缘关系,不同学者有不同观点。本文试图从核型特征阐明三者的亲缘关系。折叶萱草、西南萱草和多花萱草的核型公式分别为：2n=12m+8sm+2T;2n=8m+12sm+2T和2n=12m+4sm+4st+2T。核型不对称性依次加大;三者均在T型(第11号)染色体着丝点端具有微小随体。三者染色体组分之间的欧氏距离：折叶萱草与西南萱草为0．2728;折叶萱草与多花萱草为0．4501;西南萱草与多花萱草为0.5741。以上资料表明,折叶萱草与西南萱草更为近缘,而多花萱草比前二者进化。     

Comprative Studies on Karyotypes of Some Species of Hemerocallis (Liliaceae)

Some species of Hemerocallis were cultivated in the campus of Futan University, including the evergreen H. aurantiaca Baker. The original plant of H. aurantiaca was introduced from Zhangzhou, southeastern Fukien Province. The karyotype formula of H. aurantiaca is 2n=33=12m+9sm+3st+3T+6m(sat). The karyotype differs from those of summer-green or evergreen H. fulva (k(2n)=33=3M+21m+6sm +3T) and H. fulva var. kwanso (K(2n)=33=3M+l8m+6sm+3st+3T). The vouchers are kept in FUS.     

Studies on the regeneration-restore and karyotype of protoplast in Metarhizium anisopliae var. majus

Abstract:  The characteristics and regeneration-restore of protoplasts and its karyotype of an insect pathological fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae var. majus were studied. Among the protoplasts, 25.3% were without a nucleus, and 74.7% contained a nucleus. Among the nucleus protoplasts, 53.6% contained a single nucleus. The regeneration-restore of protoplasts was of three distinct shapes. Considering the frequency of regeneration and the growing speed of the colony, 0.7 mol/l glucose was the optimum as osmotic stabilizer of culture medium in the regeneration-restore of the protoplasts. The chromosomal DNA molecules of M. anisopliae var. majus have been separated into seven bands by pulsed-field gel electrophoreses. Using the Schizosaccharomyces pombe chromosomes as size standard, the size of chromosomal DNA was estimated to be 1.1–6.5 Mb and its karyotype exhibited polytypism among strains.     

翠菊的核型研究

分析了翠菊 ( Callistephus chinensis Nees.)的核型。结果表明 ,翠菊的体细胞染色体数目 2 n=18,核型公式 2 n=2 x=18=12 m+4sm ( 2 SAT) +2 st,属于 Stebbins核型的 2 A型     

大花萱草对镉的耐性及积累特性

通过盆栽试验研究了大花萱草对镉(Cd)的耐性及积累特性。结果表明:Cd浓度为0.5mg·kg-1时刺激大花萱草的生长,大于5mg·kg-1时抑制大花萱草生长,Cd浓度小于5mg·kg-1时延长了大花萱草的绿期和花期;随着Cd浓度的增大,大花萱草根系活力、叶绿素含量和含水量逐渐降低,游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量先升高后降低,细胞膜透性逐渐升高;Cd在大花萱草体内分布为根系>地上部分,随着Cd浓度的增大,大花萱草根系和地上部分Cd含量逐渐升高、富集系数和转运系数逐渐降低;Cd浓度为20mg·kg-1时大花萱草对Cd的积累量最大,为1.489mg·株-1。综合分析大花萱草的生长、生理变化及富集Cd的能力,大花萱草适用于浓度小于1mg·kg-1的Cd污染土壤的修复。     

国产6种黄耆属植物的核型研究

报道了国产黄耆属(Astragalus)6种植物的染色体数目和核型。结果表明,这6种黄耆属植物均为二倍体,其核型公式分别为：甘青黄耆(A．tangutlcus),2n=16=6m 8sm 2t,“3A”核型;悬垂黄耆(A．dependens),2n=16=10m 6sm,“2A”核型;四川黄耆(A．sutchuenensis),2n=16=8m 8sm,“2A”核型;萨雷古拉黄耆(A.pavlovlanus),2n=16=12m 4sm,“1A”核型;喜石黄耆(A.petraeus),2n=16=14m 2sm,“1A”核型;拟糙叶黄耆(A.pseudoscaberrimus),2n=16=14m 2sm,“1A”核型。这6种黄耆属植物的染色体数目和核型均为首次报道。     

国产7种乌头属植物的核型研究

本文报道了国产7种乌头属植物（两色乌头（Aconitum alboviolaceum Kom.,牛扁 A.barbartum var.puberulum Ledeb.,蔓乌头A.volubile Pall.,展毛蔓乌头 A.ciliare DC.,北乌头 A.kusnezoffii Reichb.,蒿叶乌头 A.artemisiaefolium Bar.et Skv.,细叶乌头 A.macrorhgnchum Turcz.）的核型。其中展毛蔓乌头、蒿叶乌头和细叶乌头的核型为首次报道。本文还首次指出乌头属中具多年生根状茎的牛扁亚属植物的核型没有明显的二型性,而具二年生块根的乌头正属植物的核型的二型性十分明显。此外还讨论了细叶乌头及展毛蔓乌头的系统位置,认为它们与蔓乌头有较近的亲缘关系。     

福建3个产地水仙的核型分析

通过对福建漳州、平潭和南日岛3地水仙(Narcissus tazetta Linn. var. chinensis Roem.)核型的分析,探讨南日岛地区水仙的起源,了解南日岛、漳州、平潭3地水仙的亲缘关系.结果表明:3地水仙的染色体数目及倍性相同,均为同源三倍体(2n=3x=30);核型差异较小,都属于典型不对称的二型核型.3地水仙是同一起源的中国水仙,它们之间形态特征的差异是不同环境条件下的自发突变,经过长期的自然选择所形成的基因型和生态型的差异.     

粉美人萱草的快繁技术和大田种植

以粉美人萱草(Hemerocallis fulva cv. ‘Fenmeiren’)的花茎为外植体进行离体培养, 该研究成功建立了粉美人萱草组培快繁技术。结果表明, 6月获得的外植体用浓度为15% (v/v)的次氯酸钠溶液消毒8分钟, 外植体存活率达95%; 最佳增殖培养基为MS+1.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA+0.004 mg·L^-1 TDZ+0.1 mg·L^-1 NAA, 培养30天后, 月增殖系数达2.9; 壮苗培养基为MS+0.1 mg·L^-1 6-BA+0.1 mg·L^-1 IBA, 在该培养基中, 组培苗不再分化, 长势健壮; 最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+0.4 mg·L^-1 IBA+20 g·L^-1蔗糖, 生根率达95%; 移栽基质采用珍珠岩:草炭=1:2 (v/v), 通过精细化管理, 成活率可达85%, 出圃合格率为75%。目前已实现规模化繁殖, 并生产组培苗2.0×10⁵株, 大田种植表现良好。     

An Ultrastructural Study on Triggering of Cell Division in Young Pollen Protoplast Culture of Hemerocallis fulva L.

The ultrastructural changes of young pollen protoplasts under culture condition in Hemerocallis fulva were studied. In comparison with the original pollen grains, the pollen protoplasts had been completely deprived of pollen wall, but kept the internal structure intact, including a large vacuole, a thin layer of cytoplasm and a peripherally located nucleus. After 8 days of culture a few pollen protoplasts were triggered to cell division: some of them were just undergoing mitosis with clearly visible chromosomes and spindle fibers; the others already divided into 2-celled units. The two daughter cells were equal or unequal in size but with similar distribution of organelles inside. Besides cell division, there were also free nuclear division, amitosis and formation of micronuclei indicating a diversity of division modes in pollen protoplast culture, A series of changes occurred during the process of induction of cell division, such as locomotion of the nucleus toward the central position, disappearence of the large vacuole, increase of electron density of cytoplasm, increase and activation of organelles, diminishing of starch granules in plastids, etc. However, the regeneration of surface wall was not sufficient it contained mostly vesicles with only a few microfibrits. The wall separating the two daughter cells were either complete or incomplete. The weak capability of wall formation is supposed to be one of the major obstacles which has so far restricted sustained cell divisions of young pollen protoplasts under current culture condition.