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1.
Notch signalling in vertebrate neural development   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
Signals through the Notch receptors are used throughout development to control cellular fate choices. Loss- and gain-of-function studies revealed both the pleiotropic action of the Notch signalling pathway in development and the potential of Notch signals as tools to influence the developmental path of undifferentiated cells. As we review here, Notch signalling affects the development of the nervous system at many different levels. Understanding the complex genetic circuitry that allows Notch signals to affect specific cell fates in a context-specific manner defines the next challenge, especially as such an understanding might have important implications for regenerative medicine.  相似文献   

2.
Vertebrates belong to the group of chordates characterized by a dorsal neural tube and an anteroposterior axis, the notochord. They are the only chordates to possess an embryonic and pluripotent structure associated with their neural primordium, the neural crest (NC). The NC is at the origin of multiple cell types and plays a major role in the construction of the head, which has been an important asset in the evolutionary success of vertebrates. We discuss here the contribution of the rostral domain of the NC to craniofacial skeletogenesis. Moreover, recent data show that cephalic NC cells regulate the activity of secondary brain organizers, hence being critical for preotic brain development, a role that had not been suspected before.  相似文献   

3.
Over the past several decades, anatomical and electrophysiological analyses have demonstrated that the electrical activity of neurons is required for development of the precise patterns of synaptic connectivity found in the adult central nervous system. However, knowledge of the molecular cascades that underlie activity-dependent synaptic development remains rudimentary. As a result, many fundamental issues remain unresolved. Recent advances in differential cloning have begun to provide the tools and insight necessary to bring a molecular level of understanding to principles of activity-dependent synaptic development established via classic systems approaches.  相似文献   

4.
MicroRNAs in vertebrate development   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The vertebrate genome contains hundreds of small non-coding 'microRNAs' that have been implicated in controlling the expression of potentially thousands of target genes. Presently, only a handful of these targets have been characterized. Recent reports of microRNA 'sensors', microRNA microarrays and the creation of vertebrates that lack all microRNA activity will aid in determining the roles played by microRNAs, and the genes that they regulate, during vertebrate development.  相似文献   

5.
Sonic hedgehog has received an enormous amount of attention since its role as a morphogen that directs ventral patterning in the spinal cord was discovered a decade ago. Since that time, a bewildering array of information has been generated concerning both the components of the hedgehog signalling pathway and the remarkable number of contexts in which it functions. Nowhere is this more evident than in the nervous system, where hedgehog signalling has been implicated in events as disparate as axonal guidance and stem cell maintenance. Here we review our present knowledge of the hedgehog signalling pathway and speculate about areas in which further insights into this versatile pathway might be forthcoming.  相似文献   

6.
Glial specification in the vertebrate neural tube   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
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7.
Hox cofactors in vertebrate development   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
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The homeobox in vertebrate development   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
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10.
Neural tube closure is a critical morphogenetic event that is regulated by dynamic changes in cell shape and behavior. Although previous studies have uncovered a central role for the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway in neural tube closure, the underlying mechanism remains poorly resolved. Here, we show that the missing in metastasis (MIM; Mtss1) protein, previously identified as a Hedgehog response gene and actin and membrane remodeling protein, specifically binds to Daam1 and couples non-canonical Wnt signaling to neural tube closure. MIM binds to a conserved domain within Daam1, and this interaction is positively regulated by Wnt stimulation. Spatial expression of MIM is enriched in the anterior neural plate and neural folds, and depletion of MIM specifically inhibits anterior neural fold closure without affecting convergent extension movements or mesoderm cell fate specification. Particularly, we find that MIM is required for neural fold elevation and apical constriction along with cell polarization and elongation in both the superficial and deep layers of the anterior neural plate. The function of MIM during neural tube closure requires both its membrane-remodeling domain and its actin-binding domain. Finally, we show that the effect of MIM on neural tube closure is not due to modulation of Hedgehog signaling in the Xenopus embryo. Together, our studies define a morphogenetic pathway involving Daam1 and MIM that transduces non-canonical Wnt signaling for the cytoskeletal changes and membrane dynamics required for vertebrate neural tube closure.  相似文献   

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Cell lineage in vertebrate development   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
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13.
The secreted glycoprotein vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF or VEGFA) affects many different cell types and modifies a wide spectrum of cellular behaviors in tissue culture models, including proliferation, migration, differentiation and survival. The versatility of VEGF signaling is reflected in the complex composition of its cell surface receptors and their ability to activate a variety of different downstream signaling molecules. A major challenge for VEGF research is to determine which of the specific signaling pathways identified in vitro control development and homeostasis of tissues containing VEGF-responsive cell types in vivo.  相似文献   

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Through the combined study of model organisms, cell biology, cell signaling and medical genetics we have significantly increased our understanding of the structure and functions of the vertebrate cilium. This ancient organelle has now emerged as a crucial component of certain signaling and sensory perception pathways in both developmental and homeostatic contexts. Here, we provide a snapshot of the structure, function and distribution of the vertebrate cilium and of the pathologies that are associated with its dysfunction.  相似文献   

16.
《Organogenesis》2013,9(2):97-106
The secreted glycoprotein vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF or VEGFA) affects many different cell types and modifies a wide spectrum of cellular behaviors in tissue culture models, including proliferation, migration, differentiation and survival. The versatility of VEGF signaling is reflected in the complex composition of its cell surface receptors and their ability to activate a variety of different downstream signaling molecules. A major challenge for VEGF research is to determine which of the specific signaling pathways identified in vitro control development and homeostasis of tissues containing VEGF-responsive cell types in vivo.

Note: Previously published in VEGF in Development, edited by Christiana Ruhrberg. Landes Bioscience and Springer Science+Business Media 2008; pp. 14-29.  相似文献   

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Mesoderm-inducing factors in early vertebrate development.   总被引:11,自引:3,他引:11       下载免费PDF全文
J C Smith 《The EMBO journal》1993,12(12):4463-4470
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20.

Background  

Signaling by the Wnt family of secreted glycoproteins through their receptors, the frizzled (Fz) family of seven-pass transmembrane proteins, is critical for numerous cell fate and tissue polarity decisions during development.  相似文献   

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