64层螺旋CT血管造影在胸部大血管成像中的临床应用

目的探讨64层螺旋CT血管造影在胸部大血管成像的临床应用价值。方法回顾分析了112例患者行64层螺旋CT胸部大血管造影资料,以临床手术或随访结果为金标准,进行图像分析。结果CT能够显示主动脉、肺动静脉的结构,可以诊断主动脉夹层、主动脉瘤、肺栓塞、先天性心脏病等多种大血管病变,诊断准确率100%。结论64层CT血管造影扫描速度快、安全、准确,是胸部大血管病变的首选方法。     

64排螺旋CT多重扫描肝肿瘤的诊断分析

本研究以67例肝肿瘤患者为研究对象,采用64排螺旋CT平扫及多重扫描,并以原始数据进行多平面重建、最大密度投影和三维容积重建等后期处理,试图分析和探讨64排螺旋CT多重扫描技术及其后期图像处理技术在诊断肝肿瘤的临床应用中价值。研究结果显示CT多重扫描的检出率(95.52%)明显优于平扫检出率(71.64%);在多平面重建、最大密度投影和三维容积重建三种处理技术中,动脉解剖识别方面三维容积重建技术效果最优(p0.05),病灶血管显示方面多平面重建技术效果最优(p0.05),血管连续性显示方面最大密度投影技术效果最优(p0.05);而3种后期图像显示方式在血管形态方面效果均良好(p0.05))。本研究结果提示64排螺旋CT多重扫描技术可较准确的进行肝肿瘤诊断,结合不同后期图像处理重建技术可为肝肿瘤诊断定性,在临床诊断肝肿瘤具有重要价值。     

多排螺旋CT扫描对骨折的诊断

目的: 普通X线片及CT平扫对于骨折,尤其是隐匿性骨折检出率较低,较易造成漏诊和误诊,随着多排螺旋CT的普及,利用曲面重建(MPR)和容积再现(VR)技术后处理图像,成为诊断隐匿性骨折的理想的影像诊断手段.探讨多排螺旋CT在对骨折的诊断中的临床应用价值。方法: 对213例临床怀疑骨折的患者进行CR摄片再进行多排螺旋CT扫描,通过三维重建技术处理后,得到受检部位二维、三维的图像。结果: 相同的对照组经多排螺旋CT、X线检查检查后,新增33例骨折。结论: 多排螺旋CT扫描及三维重建技术较传统X线平片能对骨折病例做出更正确的诊断。     

多层螺旋CT 血管造影在脑动脉瘤中应用

目的:观察多层螺旋CT血管造影对脑动脉瘤的诊断价值.方法:对16例脑动脉瘤患者的多层螺旋CT血管造影结果进行总结分析.结果:多层螺旋CT血管造影的诊断准确性与DSA无明显差异;多层螺旋CT血管造影显示动脉瘤的部位、大小、动脉瘤颈结构及其与周围血管的关系等与手术结果基本符合.结论:多层螺旋CT血管造影对脑动脉瘤的诊断准确率高,具备十分重要的临床应用价值.     

多排螺旋CT后处理技术对不规则骨骨折的诊断价值

目的:探讨多排螺旋CT及其后处理技术在诊断不规则骨骨折中的诊断价值。方法:用16排螺旋CT对25例怀疑颅骨、脊柱或关节附近骨折的外伤患儿进行扫描并进行后处理(MPR、VR)。结果:25例病例中颅骨骨折15例,脊柱骨折5例,四肢关节骨折5例(其中3例关节内骨折伴有骺软骨损伤)。结论:对于不规则骨骨折,多排螺旋CT及其后处理重建具有很大的优越性,应横断位、MPR及VR三者相结合判断,为临床提供丰富的、科学的、准确的信息依据。     

血管超声与64排螺旋CT血管造影在评价颈动脉狭窄中的对比研究

目的:比较血管超声与64排螺旋CT血管造影(CTA)对颈动脉狭窄的诊断价值。方法:选取2014年12月到2015年12月我院收治的疑似颈动脉狭窄患者70例(278节段),所有患者入院1周内均行血管超声、64排螺旋CTA检查,以数字减影血管造影(DSA)为金标准,比较血管超声与64排螺旋CTA对颈动脉狭窄诊断的符合率、特异度和灵敏度。结果:血管超声和64排螺旋CTA对不同程度颈动脉狭窄诊断的符合率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);血管超声和64排螺旋CTA对颈动脉狭窄诊断的灵敏度和特异度分别为87.28%、85.71%和85.55%、90.48%,比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:血管超声和64排螺旋CTA对颈动脉狭窄均具有较高的诊断价值。     

64层螺旋CT增强扫描在急诊胸部创伤中的初步应用

目的：探讨64层螺旋CT增强扫描在急诊胸部创伤中的诊断价值及临床意义。方法：18例急诊胸部创伤患者均行胸部64层螺旋CT平扫及增强扫描。采用最大密度投影（MIP）、曲面重建（CPR）和容积再现技术（VR）对胸部大血管进行重建、分析。将CT诊断结果与手术、随访复查结果进行比较。结果：18例中,CT平扫显示胸部主要损伤有：肺挫伤10例（55.56%）,血胸及肋骨骨折各9例（50%）,气胸8例（44.44%）,锁骨骨折6例（33.33%）。CT增强扫描诊断心脏大血管损伤7例,其中锁骨下动脉假性动脉瘤3例,胸主动脉假性动脉瘤2例,胸主动脉夹层和心包破裂各1例。CT增强扫描结果与手术、临床随访结果相吻合。结论：64层螺旋CT增强扫描是全面而准确地诊断急诊胸部创伤的重要影像技术,可以对CT平扫不能确定的心脏、大血管的损伤情况作出明确判断,对临床救治方案的早期确定具有重要的指导意义。     

多层螺旋CT在诊断小儿急性阑尾炎中的应用

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT对小儿急性阑尾炎的诊断价值。方法:回顾分析经临床手术病理证实的53例小儿急性阑尾炎的CT表现特点。所有患儿均行多排CT横断面扫描及MPVR重建。结果:53例中,单纯性阑尾炎2例;急性化脓性阑尾炎伴周围炎4例,其中1例合并紫癜;急性化脓性阑尾炎伴穿孔33例,其中1例合并回肠末端美克尔憩室;坏疽性阑尾炎伴穿孔6例;阑尾脓肿8例。CT平扫以及MPVR重建显示阑尾肿大、增粗(直径大于6mm)30例,阑尾内粪石27例,阑尾周围蜂窝织炎23例,阑尾周围脓肿8例,大量腹水6例。结论:多层螺旋CT扫描及重建技术能为小儿阑尾炎的诊断提供有力依据,提高临床术前诊断能力。     

64层螺旋CT三维重建技术对下肢动脉粥样硬化病变的显示

目的探讨64层螺旋CT三维重建技术对下肢动脉病变的显示。方法103例下肢动脉粥样硬化的患者行64层螺旋CT血管造影检查资料在工作站进行多种三维重建,分析其影像表现。结果103例患者均获得了成功的造影图像,2459根下肢动脉血管得到了显示。其中845根(34.4%)下肢动脉血管正常;672根(27.3%)轻度狭窄;327根(13.3%)中度狭窄;292根(11.9%)重度狭窄,323根(13.1%)下肢动脉血管闭塞。结论64层螺旋CT三维重建是又一种无创性的、可靠的、简便的检查下肢动脉粥样硬化的方法,具有较高的临床价值。     

64排螺旋CT在老年冠心病患者中的应用研究

目的:探讨64排螺旋CT在老年冠心病患者中的应用价值方法:选择60例老年冠心病患者行64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像,并与传统的冠状动脉造影进行比较结论:以冠状动脉造影作为对照,64-MSCTA诊断冠状动脉狭窄的灵敏度为86.41%、特异度为94.01%、阳性预测值为78.26%、阴性预测值为96.52%、诊断符合率为92.49%。研究结果表明对于老年冠心病患者的诊断而言,64排螺旋CT可以作为冠脉动脉造影的有效替代检查。     

急性肺栓塞常用检查方法及效果评价

肺动脉栓塞的诊断虽在临床工作中较少见到,但却是一种常见的致死性急症,却易被广大临床医务工作者所忽视。本文综述几种简单有效的检查方法,以提高急性PE的诊断率及便于及早治疗并降该病的病死率,并为进一步防治肺动脉栓塞提供参考依据。     

128层螺旋CT肺动脉造影对急性肺栓塞患者栓塞程度和右心功能的评估价值研究

目的:探讨128层螺旋CT肺动脉造影(CTPA)对急性肺栓塞(APE)患者栓塞程度和右心功能的评估价值。方法:选取2016年7月到2018年6月期间在我院行CTPA检查确诊并接受治疗的APE患者100例记为观察组,根据观察组患者的病情将其分为高危组(57例)和非高危组(43例),同时根据观察组患者肺栓塞部位及预后将患者分为中心肺栓塞死亡组(8例)、中心肺栓塞存活组(38例)、周围肺栓塞组(54例)。另选择同期于我院进行CTPA检查的无肺栓塞患者50例记为对照组。记录所有患者的右心功能参数[右心室短轴最大径(RVMSA)、左心室短轴最大径(LVMSA)以及二者的比值(RV:LV)],计算APE患者的CT肺动脉阻塞指数,并分析APE患者CT肺动脉阻塞指数与右心功能指标的相关性。结果:观察组的RVMSA、RV:LV均明显高于对照组(P0.05),高危组的CT肺动脉阻塞指数、RVMSA、RV:LV均明显高于非高危组(P0.05)。中心肺栓塞死亡组的CT肺动脉阻塞指数、RVMSA、RV:LV均明显高于中心肺栓塞存活组和周围肺栓塞组,中心肺栓塞存活组的CT肺动脉阻塞指数、RVMSA、RV:LV均明显高于周围肺栓塞组(P0.05)。经Pearson相关分析显示,APE患者CT肺动脉阻塞指数与RVMSA、RV:LV均呈正相关(P0.05),与LVMSA无明显的相关性(P0.05)。结论:CTPA检查可有效评估APE患者的栓塞程度和右心功能,且栓塞程度与右心功能存在相关性,CTPA检查有助于APE患者的诊断和病情评估。     

Role of Transthoracic Lung Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a potentially life-threatening condition. Although computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is the reference standard for diagnosis, its early diagnosis remains a challenge, and the concerns about the radiation exposures further limit the general use of CTPA. The primary aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the overall diagnostic accuracy of transthoracic lung ultrasound (TLS) in the diagnosis of PE.

Methods

PubMed, Web of science, OvidSP, ProQuest, EBSCO, Cochrane Library and Clinicaltrial.gov were searched systematically. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) curves were used to examine the TS performance. The Bayes analysis was used to calculate the post-test probability of PE. Publication bias was assessed with Deeks funnel plot.

Results

The results indicated that the sensitivity, specificity, PLR and NLR were 0.85 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.78 to 0.90), and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.73 to 0.90). And the DOR and HSROC were 28.82 (95% CI, 17.60 to 47.21), 0.91(95% CI, 0.88, 0.93).

Conclusions

The present meta-analysis suggested that transthoracic lung ultrasonography is helpful in diagnosing pulmonary embolism. Although the application of transthoracic lung ultrasound may change some patients’ diagnostic processes, it is inappropriate to generally use transthoracic ultrasonography in diagnosing pulmonary embolism currently.     

High Frequency of Pulmonary Hypertension-Causing Gene Mutation in Chinese Patients with Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension

The pathogenesis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is unknown. Histopathologic studies revealed that pulmonary vasculature lesions similar to idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) existed in CTEPH patients as well. It’s well-known that genetic predisposition plays an important role in the mechanism of PAH. So we hypothesized that PAH-causing gene mutation might exist in some CTEPH patients and act as a background to facilitate the development of CTEPH. In this study, we analyzed 7 PAH-causing genes including BMPR2, ACVRL1, ENG, SMAD9, CAV1, KCNK3, and CBLN2 in 49 CTEPH patients and 17 patients recovered from pulmonary embolism (PE) but without pulmonary hypertension(PH). The results showed that the nonsynonymous mutation rate in CTEPH patients is significantly higher than that in PE without PH patients (25 out of 49 (51%) CTEPH patients vs. 3 out of 17 PE without PH patients (18%); p = 0.022). Four CTEPH patients had the same point mutation in ACVRL1 exon 10 (c.1450C>G), a mutation approved to be associated with PH in a previous study. In addition, we identified two CTEPH associated SNPs (rs3739817 and rs55805125). Our results suggest that PAH-causing gene mutation might play an important role in the development of CTEPH.     

肺栓塞的诊治和预防策略

急性肺栓塞(PE)是一种心血管疾病突发事件,具有较高的发病率和死亡率。一旦发生PE,快速、有效的诊治是挽救PE患者生命的关键,但也是呼吸内科医生一直面临的挑战。尽管PE的诊断手段和评估方法已经取得了很大地进步,但由于PE患者临床表现的非特异性和诊断方法的多样、复杂性,如何采取及时、有效的诊治策略仍是呼吸内科医生面临的重要难题。与此同时,由于PE诊断困难,治疗风险大,也使其临床预防势在必行。鉴于此,本文综述了当前欧洲心脏病学会(ESC)等国际心血管研究机构发布的PE诊治指导方针和研究进展,为读者进一步认识和掌握PE快速、有效的诊治和预防策略提供参考。     

43例术后疑似急性肺栓塞分析

目的:探讨影响术后急性肺栓塞(Acute Pulmonary Embolism,APE)的发生和预后的相关因素,以提高对术后肺栓塞的认识和诊疗水平。方法:收集2009.01-2014.12期间南方医院术后疑似急性肺栓塞患者的临床资料,总结其临床特征,分析其诱发因素、临床表现、治疗和预后,探讨其发病的高危因素。结果:共收集术后疑似肺栓塞43例,平均年龄56.09±14.08岁(17~80岁),明确诊断为肺栓塞15例(34.9%),共死亡20例(死亡率46.5%)。其临床表现和体征均具有非特异性,呼吸困难、心悸和晕厥是主要的临床表现。不仅可以发生于下肢、胸腹部(包括妇产科)、颅内等大手术后,也可能发生在介入栓塞术后。相关危险因素很多,包括性别、年龄、恶性肿瘤、全身麻醉、手术时间长等。具有高危因素的患者并具有可疑肺栓塞的临床表现时,结合D-二聚体、动脉血气分析、心电图、胸部X线、超声心动图、下肢彩超可检查协助APE的诊断,而胸部增强CT作为检查手段有利于明确诊断。结论:肺栓塞是手术后致命的并发症之一,早期诊断、早期治疗,能降低术后肺栓塞患者的死亡率。     

导管引导介入治疗急性中高危肺动脉栓塞临床研究

目的:评估导管引导介入治疗急性中高危肺动脉栓塞的有效性及安全性。方法:顾性分析2012年1月至2018年6月在柳州市工人医院血管外科诊治的112例急性中高危肺动脉栓塞患者资料。根据治疗方案分单纯抗凝组(共38例)、导管介入+抗凝治疗组(共74例),对比两组肺动脉压及肺动脉栓塞严重指数降低情况、肺栓塞症状改善率、住院时长和出血并发症发生率;以其随访中肺栓塞复发率和慢性血栓性肺动脉高压发生率。根据介入方案不同,介入治疗组包括AngioJet机械吸栓(共13例)、猪尾导管碎栓及溶栓(61例);分别对比两种介入方案术前及术后的动脉血氧分压、指脉氧、心率及肺动脉压、弥勒指数评估治疗效果。结果:两组术前人口学特征、发病时间、DVT并发率、肺动脉压、肺动脉栓塞严重指数等无明显差异(P均0.05)。介入治疗组在降低肺动脉压及肺动脉严重指数、症状的改善率、缩短住院时间上明显优于单纯抗凝组(P分别为0.000、0.001、0.01、0.003);而相关出血并发症发生率无统计学差异(P0.05)。通过分别对比介入治疗两种方案的术前及术后动脉血氧分压、指脉氧、心率及肺动脉压、弥勒指数,两种治疗方案在这五个指标均有明显改善(P值均0.05)。随访6月至7年,肺栓复发率在单纯抗凝组、导管介入+抗凝治疗组分别为10.5%、6.8%,统计学差异显著(P=0.004);慢性血栓性肺动脉高压发生率分别为5.3%、1.4%,统计学差异显著(P=0.000)。结论:导管引导介入治疗对急性中高危肺动脉栓塞治疗是安全有效的,且可明显降低复发及慢性肺动脉高压的发生率。     

Pulmonary embolism and 3-month outcomes in 4036 patients with venous thromboembolism and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: data from the RIETE registry

Background

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have a modified clinical presentation of venous thromboembolism (VTE) but also a worse prognosis than non-COPD patients with VTE. As it may induce therapeutic modifications, we evaluated the influence of the initial VTE presentation on the 3-month outcomes in COPD patients.

Methods

COPD patients included in the on-going world-wide RIETE Registry were studied. The rate of pulmonary embolism (PE), major bleeding and death during the first 3 months in COPD patients were compared according to their initial clinical presentation (acute PE or deep vein thrombosis (DVT)).

Results

Of the 4036 COPD patients included, 2452 (61%; 95% CI: 59.2-62.3) initially presented with PE. PE as the first VTE recurrence occurred in 116 patients, major bleeding in 101 patients and mortality in 443 patients (Fatal PE: first cause of death). Multivariate analysis confirmed that presenting with PE was associated with higher risk of VTE recurrence as PE (OR, 2.04; 95% CI: 1.11-3.72) and higher risk of fatal PE (OR, 7.77; 95% CI: 2.92-15.7).

Conclusions

COPD patients presenting with PE have an increased risk for PE recurrences and fatal PE compared with those presenting with DVT alone. More efficient therapy is needed in this subtype of patients.     

Gene Expression of ANP,BNP and ET-1 in the Heart of Rats during Pulmonary Embolism

Aims

Atrial natriuretic petide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) may reflect the severity of right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE). The exact nature and source of BNP, ANP and ET-1 expression and secretion following PE has not previously been studied.

Methods and Results

Polystyrene microparticles were injected to induce PE in rats. Gene expression of BNP, ANP and ET-1 were determined in the 4 cardiac chambers by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (QPCR). Plasma levels of ANP, BNP, ET-1 and cardiac troponin I (TNI) were measured in plasma. PE dose-dependently increased gene expression of ANP and BNP in the right ventricle (RV) and increased gene expression of ANP in the right atrium (RA). In contrast PE dose-dependently decreased BNP gene expression in both the left ventricle (LV) and the left atrium (LA). Plasma levels of BNP, TNI and ET-1 levels dose-dependently increased with the degree of PE.

Conclusion

We found a close correlation between PE degree and gene-expression of ANP, and BNP in the cardiac chambers with a selective increase in the right chambers of the heart.The present data supports the idea of natriuretic peptides as valuable biomarkers of RVD in PE.