共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 781 毫秒
1.
S. T. C. Wright 《Planta》1981,153(2):172-180
Light was found to inhibit substantially (i.e. up to 88%) the production of ethylene induced by water stress in excised wheat leaves and from the shoots of intact plants. The relatively small amounts of ethylene emanating fron non-stressed leaves were also inhibited by light but to a smaller degree (i.e. up to 61%). In water-stressed leaves the degree of light inhibition of ethylene production was shown to be related to the age of the leaves; the amounts of ethylene diffusing from young leaves (i.e. 6-days old) was inhibited 52% by light whereas in older leaves (i.e. 9-days old) it was inhibited by 85%. Previous studies [Wright (1979) Planta 144, 179–188 and (1980) Planta 148, 381–388] had shown that application of 6-benzyladenine (BA) to leaves a day before wilting, greatly increases the amount of ethylene diffusing from the leaves following wilting (e.g. 8-fold), and to smaller degrees do applications of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3). On the other hand abscisic acid (ABA) treatment reduces the amount of ethylene produced. In these earlier experiments the ethylene was collected from leaves held under dark or near-dark conditions, so in the present study the activities of these growth regulators (10-4 mol l-1 solutions) under dark and light conditions were compared. It was found that they maintained the same relative activities on ethylene emanation (i.e. BA>IAA>GA3>water controls>ABA) under both light and dark conditions. However, because of the inhibitory effect of light, the absolute amounts of ethylene produced from all treatments were always much higher in the dark than in the light (usually about a 6-fold difference). An interesting effect of light treatment on ethylene biosynthesis was found when water-stressed leaves were kept in dark chambers for 41/2 h and then transferred to light. Quite unexpectedly, instead of the rate of ethylene production falling immediately, it continued to be produced at the dark rate (i.e. no light inhibition!) for over 2 h before the rate began to decline, and for a much longer period (i.e. in excess of 41/2 h) if the leaves had previously been sprayed with BA. Predictably, leaves placed in the light (i.e. in leaf chambers) and then transferred to darkness, immediately or very soon produced ethylene at the dark rate. One explanation of these results, which is discussed, would be that the biosynthesis of an ethylene precursor requires an obligatory dark stage. The possible implications of these studies to a survival role of ethylene in plants during periods of water stress is discussed.Abbreviations ABA
abscisic acid
- ACC
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
- BA
6-benzyladenine
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- GLC
gas-liquid chromatography
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- TLC
thin-layer chromatography
- leaf
leaf water potential 相似文献
2.
Excised wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves, when subjected to drought stress, increased ethylene production as a result of an increased synthesis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and an increased activity of the ethyleneforming enzyme (EFE), which catalyzes the conversion of ACC to ethylene. The rise in EFE activity was maximal within 2 h after the stress period, while rehydration to relieve water stress reduced EFE activity within 3 h to levels similar to those in nonstressed tissue. Pretreatment of the leaves with benzyladenine or indole-3-acetic acid prior to water stress caused further increase in ethylene production and in endogenous ACC level. Conversely, pretreatment of wheat leaves with abscisic acid reduced ethylene production to levels produced by nonstressed leaves; this reduction in ethylene production was accompanied by a decrease in ACC content. However, none of these hormone pretreatments significantly affected the EFE level in stressed or nonstressed leaves. These data indicate that the plant hormones participate in regulation of water-stress ethylene production primarily by modulating the level of ACC.Abbreviations ABA
abscisic acid
- ACC
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
- BA
N6-benzyladenine
- EFE
ethylene-forming enzyme
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid 相似文献
3.
Haploid plants were regenerated from cultured unfertilized ovaries of Hordeum vulgare L. (barley). Optimal response was obtained by the addition of 0.6 M 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), 2.8 M indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 4.4 M 6-benzyladenine (BA) in the N6 medium. Further increase in the rate of callus formation and the number of green plants produced was possible with the addition of 90 g/l sucrose and 100 g/l coconut water. The stage of development of the ovaries at the time of culture was critical; the largest number of plants being produced by ovaries from flowers at the trinucleate stage of pollen.Abbreviations (BA)
6-benzyladenine
- (MCPA)
4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyaceticacid
- (2,4-D)
2,4-dichlorophenoxyaceticacid
- (GA3)
gibberellic acid
- (IAA)
indole-3-acetic acid 相似文献
4.
Prakash Lakshmanan 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1994,36(1):145-148
Rhizome tips were the most suitable explants for in vitro plant regeneration and multiplication of Nymphaea hybrid James Brydon on Murashige and Skoog medium containing different concentrations and combinations of indole-3-acetic acid, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 6-benzyladenine (BA), kinetin, 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP) and gibberellic acid (GA3). A combination of 2iP, BA, and NAA strongly favored induction of shoot buds and shoot proliferation. Pretreatment of shoot cultures at 8°C for 30 days or with 14.4 or 28.9 M GA3 for 15 days did not improve shoot multiplication. A 16-h photoperiod with photosynthetic photon flux of 30 mol m-2 s-1 was found to be the optimum light condition for shoot growth and multiplication. Multiple shoots produced well developed root systems within 4 weeks after transfer to a plant growth regulator-free medium containing activated charcoal.Abbreviations BA
6-benzyladenine
- 2,4-d
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- 2iP
2-isopentenyladenine
- MS
Murashige and Skoog medium
- NAA
1-naphthaleneacetic acid 相似文献
5.
S. T. C. Wright 《Planta》1979,144(2):179-188
Leaf ageing was initiated in wheat leaves by floating excised leaves on distilled water in darkness for up to three days. After a given period of time the leaves were blotted and wilted to a leaf water potential (leaf) of approximately — 12 · 102 k Pa and then placed in a sealed chamber so that the stress-induced ethylene could be determined. The longer the period of leaf ageing the smaller were the levels of stress-induced ethylene. Treatments which are known to delay leaf senescence, such as floating the leaves on solutions of 6-benzyladenine (BA) or in the light instead of in the dark, were found to partly restore or even enhance the stress-induced ethylene levels. For example leaves allowed to age for 1 day whilst floating on 10-4 mol l-1 BA solution produced up to 200% more ethylene than freshly harvested leaves when both were subjected to water stress treatment. When BA solutions were applied as foliar sprays to wheat seedlings, the day before wilting treatment, the amount of stress-induced ethylene diffusing from the freshly harvested leaves (i.e. no leaf ageing treatment) was significantly increased. This occurred when water stress was induced in the leaves by either immersing the roots of seedlings in carbowax solution or by wilting excised leaves in a stream of warm air. There was a substantial synergistic effect between BA treatment and water stress in relation to the amount of ethylene diffusing from the leaves. This effect was 7.5-fold in experiments where excised leaves were floated on 10-4 moll-1 BA solutions for 1 day prior to wilting and 4.7-fold for intact plants where the BA solution was applied as a foliar spray the day before water stress induction by carbowax. We can postulate from the experiments in this paper that leaf ageing (and/or the depletion of an ethylene substrate, probably a photosynthetic product or a substance derived from it) and the level of endogenous cytokinin are probably important factors which determine the amount of ethylene emanating from leaves during water stress. Moreover, the results suggest that wheat shoots may contain sub-optimal levels of cytokinins in regard to their potential ability to produce ethylene under stress.Abbreviations BA
6-benzyladenine
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- IAAsp
indole-3-acetyl-N-aspartate
- GLC
gas-liquid chromatography
- leaf
leaf water potential 相似文献
6.
The effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and kinetin on the hydrolytic activity of proton pumps (adenosine triphosphatase, H+-ATPase, pyrophosphatase, H+-PPase) of tonoplasts isolated from stored red beet (Beta vulgaris L. cv. Bordo) roots were studied. Results suggest that the phytohormones can regulate the hydrolytic activities of H+-ATPase and H+-PPase of the vacuolar membrane. Each of the proton pumps of the tonoplast has its own regulators in spite of similar localization and functions. IAA and kinetin seem to be regulators of the hydrolytic activity for H+-PPase whereas for H+-ATPase it may be GA3. Stimulation of enzyme activity by all hormones occurred at concentrations of 10–6 to 10–7
M.Abbreviations IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- ABA
abscisic acid
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- H+-ATPase
adenosine triphosphatase
- H+-PPase
pyrophosphatase
- ATP
adenosine triphosphate
- Tris
Tris (hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane
- MES
(2[N-Morpholino]) ethane sulfonic acid
- EDTA
ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid
- Pi
inorganic phosphate 相似文献
7.
Flowering of Chrysanthemum under non-inductive long days by gibberellins and N6-benzyladenine 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Richard P. Pharis 《Planta》1972,105(3):205-212
Summary The flowering and inflorescence development of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Pink Champagne under non-inductive long days was promoted by exogenous application of GA5, GA3, GA4+GA7 or GA9 in combination with the cytokinin, BA. The combination of BA and GA5 was highly effective, BA and GA3 moderately effective. Applications of the GAs alone or BA alone also resulted in some flowering, with GA3 and GA5 being most effective. In general, the effects of GA and BA were synergistic, and the concentration of both growth substances was a limiting factor with regard to the number of plants flowering under long days. Only the concentration of GA was a limiting factor for inflorescence development, however. Simultaneous application of indole-3-acetic acid reduced inflorescence development in most treatments. Development to the stage of anthesis was in no case effected.Abbreviations BA
N6-benzyladenine
- GA
gibberellin
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
This research was supported by National Research Council of Canada Grant No. 2585. 相似文献
8.
A procedure is outlined for in vitro propagation of two medicinal herbs, Ocimum americanum L. syn. O. canum Sims (hoary basil) and Ocimum sanctum L. (holy basil), using axillary shoot buds. Multiple shoot formation was induced from shoot bud explants of both species on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with benzyladenine (BA). The optimum BA concentrations for shoot proliferation were 0.25 mg/l for O. americanum and 1.0 mg/l for O. sanctum. Incorporation of 0.5 mg/l gibberellic acid (GA3) along with BA in the culture medium resulted in a marked increase in the frequency of axillary branching as well as multiple shoot formation. Shoot buds collected between September through December were most responsive in culture. Shoots of O. americanum were rooted on half-strength MS supplemented with 1.0 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), whereas O. sanctum rooted best on medium with 1.0 mg/l naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The plantlets were hardened off and successfully established in natural soil, where they grew and matured normally.Abbreviations BA
N6-benzyladenine
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium
- NAA
1-naphthaleneacetic acid 相似文献
9.
Desana Li >sková José Ruiz Ordóñez Alexander Lux Alfredo Piñeyro López 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1994,36(3):339-343
Isolated embryos ofKarwinskia humboldtiana were cultured in vitro. The growth of embryos and development to plantlets on woody plant medium supplemented with indole-3-acetic acid 6.10-2 mol l–1, gibberellic acid (GA3) 3.10-2 mol l–1, and 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) 2 mol l–1 was obtained. Multiplication of shoots and rooting of excised shoots has been achieved. Callus formation on modified Murashige-Skoog medium supplemented with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid 10 mol l–1, GA3 14 mol l–1, and kinetin 5 mol l–1 on hypocotyls, or on root cultures on medium supplemented with 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 10 mol l–1 and BA 10 mol l–1 was induced.Abbreviations BA
6-benzylaminopurine
- 2,4-d
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- NAA
1-naphthaleneacetic acid
- TEM
transmission electron microscopy 相似文献
10.
Lucia Martinelli Paola Bragagna Valentino Poletti Attilio Scienza 《Plant cell reports》1993,12(4):207-210
Somatic embryogenesis from leaf- and petiole-derived calli of Vitis rupestris was obtained with an efficiency of 3.2% and 4.2% of plated explants, respectively on two combinations of 6-benzyladenine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (1/0.1 and 1/1 mgl–1) added to MS medium. Embryogenic callus, embryo subcultures and somatic embryogenesis from somatic embryos were obtained either in the presence of 1 mgl–1 indole-3-acetic acid or 0.1 mgl–1 indole-3-butyric acid added to MS or NN media. Within a 4-month culture, embryo germination occurred at a frequency of 13% of explanted embryos when chilling at 4°C was provided for two weeks and a combination of 6-benzyladenine (1 mgl–1) with indole-3-butyric acid (0.1 mgl–1) was added to NN medium supplemented with casein hydrolysate (250 mgl–1). A higher frequency (51%) was obtained in a longer culture time (9 months) when only indole-3-butyric acid was present in the medium and in absence of chilling.Abbreviations BA
6-benzyladenine
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962)
- NN
Nitsch and Nitsch (1969)
- NOA
2-naphthoxyacetic acid 相似文献
11.
Fruit-set of unpollinated ovaries of Pisum sativum L. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The influence of removing the apical shoot and different leaves above and below the flower on the fruit-set of unpollinated pea ovaries (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) has been studied. Unpollinated ovaries were induced to set and develop either by topping or by removing certain developing leaves of the shoot. Topping had a maximum effect when carried out before or on the day of anthesis, and up to four consecutive ovaries were induced to set in the same plant. The inhibition of fruit-set was due to the developing leaves and not to the apex. The third leaf above the first flower, which had a simultaneous development to the ovary, had the stronger inhibitory effect on parthenocarpic fruit-set. The application of different plant-growth regulators (indoleacetic acid, naphthylacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, gibberellic acid, benzyladenine and abscisic acid) did not mimic the negative effect of the shoot.Abbreviations CCC
(2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
- MH
maleic hydrazide
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- NAA
1-naphthaleneacetic acid
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- 6-BAP
benzyladenine
- ABA
abscisic acid 相似文献
12.
During the entire period of internode growth of Merremia emarginata contents of gibberellic acid (GA3), phenyl-acetic acid (PAA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, free and conjugated) and abscisic acid (ABA, free and conjugated)
were estimated by ELISA using polyclonal antibodies raised against each hormones. At the time of internode elongation free
auxin content was low and increased with the decrease in the rate of elongation. In contrast, conjugated IAA showed declining
trend where free IAA content was remarkably high, suggesting thereby that conjugated IAA might have mobilized during the later
phase of internode development. The endogenous GA3 contents were high as compared to other hormones; however, no significant role of GA3 was discernible in elongation growth. Conjugated ABA contents remained very low during the elongation growth and increased
thereafter. 相似文献
13.
Effects of gibberellic Acid on endogenous indole-3-acetic Acid and indoleacetyl aspartic Acid levels in a dwarf pea 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
Two-week-old dwarf peas (Pisum sativum cv Little Marvel) were sprayed with gibberellic acid (GA3), and after 3 or 4 days the upper stem and young leaf samples were analyzed for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-acetyl aspartic acid by an isotope dilution high performance liquid chromatography method. GA3 increased IAA levels as much as 8-fold and decreased indole-3-acetyl aspartic acid levels. 相似文献
14.
Carbonic Anhydrase,Photosynthesis, and Seed Yield in Mustard Plants Treated with Phytohormones 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
The leaves of 30-d-old plants of Brassica juncea Czern & Coss cv. Varuna were sprayed with 10–6 M aqueous solutions of indole-3-yl-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), kinetin (KIN), and abscisic acid (ABA) or 10–8 M of 28-homobrassinolide (HBR). All the phytohormones, except ABA, improved the vegetative growth and seed yield at harvest, compared with those sprayed with deionised water (control). HBR was most prominent in its effect, generating 32, 30, 36, 70, 25, and 29 % higher values for dry mass, chlorophyll content, carbonic anhydrase (E.C. 4.2.1.1) activity, and net photosynthetic rate in 60-d-old plants, pods per plant, and seed yield at harvest, over the control, respectively. The order of response to various hormones was HBR > GA3 > IAA > KIN > control > ABA. 相似文献
15.
Endopeptidase activity in cotyledons of 5-day seedlings of Pisum sativum increased rapidly during germination. However, the increase of the activity in detached cotyledons was depressed. We examined whether a growth regulator can be substituted for the embryonic axis on the development of endopeptidase activity. As monitored by an assay with azoalbumin, the development of endopeptidase activity from crude extracts of detached cotyledons appeared to be slightly accelerated by incubation with 10–5
M GA3. However, the pattern after gelatin-polyacrylamide gel suggested that the activity induced in detached cotyledons during a 5-d incubation at 10–7
M GA3 was the same as that in attached ones during germination for 5 days and an even greater increase in activity was obtained with 10–5
M GA3. These results suggest that GA3 from the embryonic axis induces endopeptidase activity in attached cotyledons at the first stage of germination.Abbreviations ABA
abscisic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- GA
gibberellic acid 相似文献
16.
The question of whether or not hormones are causal links in the realization of phytochrome control during photomorphogenesis was investigated using the phytochrome-dependent formation of adventitious roots in hypocotyl cuttings excised from mustard seedlings as a test system. Histological examination of regenerating rest seedlings revealed that phytochrome (operationally, continuous far-red light) mediates the de novo formation of root primordia in the pericycle region of the hypocotyl near the cutting surface withing 12–24 h after excision.Auxin (IAA), gibberellin (GA3), Cytokinin (kinetin), abscisic acid (ABA), and ethylene had no promotive effect on primordium formation in dark-grown or far-red irradiated rest seedlings. Depending on concentration, the application of these hormones was either ineffective or inhibitory in the rooting response. It is concluded that phytochrome does not operate through changes of hormone (auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ABA, ethylene) levels.While externally applied ethylene had no specific effect on primordium formation, the number of primordia produced in darkness could be increased to the far-red light level by removing the endogenously formed ethylene. Since the stimulatory effect of light could not be related to a lower ethylene level, it is concluded that ethylene interferes with primordium formation by modulating the susceptibility of this process to phytochrome control. This ethylene effect takes place in a concentration range below the range that can be manipulated by external application of the hormone.Abbreviations ABA
abscisic acid
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- Pr Pfr
red and far-red absorbing forms of phytochrome 相似文献
17.
R. E. B. Ketchum D. M. Gibson L. Greenspan Gallo 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1995,42(2):185-193
Three cell lines of Taxus brevifolia Nutt. with differing growth rates were used to assess the effects of basal salt mixtures, carbohydrates, organic nitrogen additives, vitamin formulations, and plant growth regulators on callus growth. Gamborg's B5 major salts provided significantly better growth than all other salt formulations tested. The greatest biomass was obtained with 1% total carbohydrate. The best carbohydrate combination, 0.5% fructose + 0.5% sucrose, was significantly better than all other combinations of carbohydrates tested. A complex vitamin mixture was significantly better than any one previously published vitamin formulation. Greatest rates of callus growth were obtained with 4.14 M (1 mg l-1 picloram, 0.46 M (0.1 mg l-1 kinetin, and 0.38 M (0.1 mg l-1) abscisic acid or 0.29 M (0.1 mg l-1 gibberellic acid. Our final medium, TM5, is superior to published methods for the general callus culture of T. brevifolia. This medium has improved growth in three tested cell lines to provide doubling times of 3.5 to 5.6 days, an average 5.3-fold increase over our previously published medium.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- 2,4,5-T
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2ip-6-(,-dimethylamino)-purine
- ABA
abscisic acid
- BA
6-benzyladenine
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- kinetin
6-furfurylaminopurine
- NAA
napthaleneacetic acid
- picloram
4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid 相似文献
18.
F. Pupilli S. Arcioni F. Damiani M. Pezzotti 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1990,23(3):193-199
Plant regeneration from leaf- and cotyledon-derived calli and from protoplast-derived tissue has been obtained in Lotus pedunculatus. Callus induction was achieved with 2,4-D and plant regeneration required the following two media sequences: bud formation was stimulated by IAA and BA and shoot growth by kinetin. Root formation occurred in the presence of IAA. Cotyledon protoplasts showed a low plating efficiency and plant regeneration was achieved via an intervening callus phase.Abbreviations BA
6-benzyladenine
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- 2iP
N6--2-isopentenyl-adenine
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid 相似文献
19.
The contents of several photosynthetic metabolites — 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA), pyruvate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) — were determined in leaves of cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. H-777) subjected to waterlogging at vegetative stage, and/or drought at the reproductive stage. In controls, soil moisture contents was kept at field capacity. One day prior to stress, the plant shoots were sprayed with 5 M aqueous solution of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), benzylaminopurine (BAP), abscisic acid, and ethrel. In control plants, various growth regulators reduced contents of 3-PGA and ATP while increased contents of NADP and pyruvate. During waterlogging IAA promoted 3-PGA content, and BAP enhanced pyruvate content. During drought, GA3 enhanced ATP and 3-PGA contents, while IAA enhanced pyruvate content. 相似文献
20.
Summary Embryogenic cell suspension cultures and somatic embryos of five genotypes of beech, were obtained from aged cultures derived from immature zygotic embryos cultured on solid medium containing both 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and N6-benzyladenine. The origin of somatic embryos was traced from single cells. Embryos remained arrested at the globular stage on liquid media, further development was achieved after plating embryogenic aggregates on Murashige and Skoog's medium with half strength major salts supplemented with glutamine and low levels of growth regulators. Cultures of different genotypes showed significant differences in maturation frequency which was not affected by the hormone treatments assayed. The frequency of conversion of embryos into plantlets was low. This frequency increased after cold storage of embryos for up to 7 months.Abbreviations BA
N6-benzyladenine
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- EtOH
ethanol
- GA3
giberrellic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962)
- NAA
naphthalene acetic acid
- WPM
woody plant medium (Lloyd and McCown, 1980)
- Z
zeatin 相似文献