两种光合细菌生物转化槲寄生培养液菌体中几种同工酶的变化

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对两种光合细菌的生物转化槲寄生培养液中菌体的蛋白质和几种同工酶进行研究,并以纯光合细菌培养液中菌体作对照。结果表明,光合细菌生物转化槲寄生过程中,两种光合细菌的蛋白质、酯酶同工酶和过氧化物酶同工酶均发生改变,某些蛋白质、酯酶和过氧化物酶的合成受到抑制,并有新的蛋白质、酯酶和过氧化物酶生成;超氧化物歧化酶的表达未明显改变。由此可见,槲寄生能诱导光合细菌合成新的酯酶和过氧化物酶,这些诱导酶可能参与了槲寄生的生物转化。为光合细菌生物转化槲寄生转化机理的研究及槲寄生在抗肿瘤领域的进一步应用奠定了基础。     

Chromium Reduction,Plant Growth–Promoting Potentials,and Metal Solubilizatrion by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus sp</Emphasis>. Isolated from Alluvial Soil

The plant growth–promoting potentials, production of siderophore and solubilization of insoluble phosphorus (P) and zinc and lead by the chromium (vi) -reducing Bacillus species, PSB 1, PSB 7, and PSB 10, was assessed both in the presence and absence of chromium under in vitro conditions. The Bacillus strains tolerated chromium up to the concentration of 500 (PSB1), 400 (PSB7), and 550 μg ml⁻¹ (PSB10), respectively, on nutrient agar plates. Bacillus sp. PSB 10 reduced Cr (vi) by 87% at pH 7, which was followed by Bacillus sp. PSB 1 (83%) and PSB 7 (74%) in nutrient broth after 120 h of incubation. A concentration of 50 μg ml⁻¹ of Cr (vi) was completely reduced by Bacillus sp. PSB 1 and PSB 10 (after 100 h) and PSB 7 (after 120 h). The Bacillus strains PSB 1, PSB 7, and PSB 10 produced 19.3, 17.7, and 17.4 μg ml⁻¹ of indole acetic acid, respectively, in luria bertani broth at 100 μg ml⁻¹ of tryptophan, which consistently decreased with an increase in chromium concentration. The Bacillus strains were positive for siderophore, HCN, and ammonia both in the absence and presence of chromium. The Bacillus strains solubilized 375 (PSB 1), 340 (PSB 7), and 379 (PSB 10) μg ml⁻¹ P, respectively, in Pikovskaya broth devoid of chromium. In contrast, chromium at 150 μg ml⁻¹ reduced the amount of P solubilized by 17 (PSB 1), 15 (PSB 7), and 9% (PSB 10) compared to control. The tested bacterial strains solubilized a considerable amount of zinc and lead in nutrient broth both in the absence and presence of chromium. Generally, the chromium reduction and the plant growth–promoting potentials of chromium-reducing Bacillus were strongly correlated at the tested concentration of chromium. The present observations demonstrated that the chromium-reducing, metal-solubilizing, and plant growth–promoting potentials of the Bacillus strains PSB1, PSB 7, and PSB10 were not adversely affected by the chromium application and, hence, may be applied for raising the productivity of crops under metal-contaminated soils.     

光合细菌固定化及对养殖水净化的研究

采用海藻酸钠进行光合细菌固定化实验,比较了固定化菌和悬浮态菌的生长和生理特性,观察其在载体中的分布,并对其净化养殖水的能力进行初步研究。结果表明,固定化大大提高了光合细菌的生长速率;粒径为3.5mm,菌初始密度为0.12mg干菌泥/L为最佳固定化条件;在生长初期,菌在载体内的分布不均匀,后期趋于一致。在固定化菌净化养殖水的研究中发现,固定化光合细菌对养殖水的净化能力大大优于悬浮态菌。     

Effects of dissolved oxygen on key enzyme activities during photosynthetic bacteria wastewater treatment

Photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) wastewater treatment is a novel method that can simultaneously achieve wastewater purification and recourse recovery. Oxygen conditions can significantly influence PSB metabolism and wastewater treatment; however, the roles of key enzymes in this process have been unclear. This study investigated the effects of different oxygen conditions on respiratory enzymes (hexokinase, HK; phosphofructokinase, PFK; and pyruvate kinase, PK) and the photosynthetic enzyme RuBisCO of PSB. The results showed that HK activity was almost the highest under anaerobic condition; PFK activity was the highest (311 nmol/min∙g) and PK the most quickly reached its peak under aerobic condition; and RuBisCO activity was the highest (107 nmol/min g) under anaerobic condition. The above results illustrated that HK might simultaneously regulate PSB growth and COD degradation, and its main role might be PSB growth regulation. PFK and PK might function in COD degradation while RuBisCO might function in PSB growth. Further, oxygen was beneficial for COD degradation and detrimental for PSB growth. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of PSB wastewater treatment.     

混合培养对光合细菌生长量的影响

采用光合细菌不同菌株,光合细菌株与异养细胞株间混合培养,比较它们与单株培养物生长量的差异。试验结果表明,不同组合的混合培养物春生长量均不同程度高于单株培养物。光合细菌株间混合培养物生长量约高于对照０．３６－１７．４％;多数增长１１％以上。光合细菌株与异养细胞     

Effects of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria application on soil phosphorus availability in coal mining subsidence area in Shanxi

The effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) application on phosphorus (P) availability in reclaimed soil in coal mining subsidence region was investigated. Seven treatments were carried out including control, chicken manure (CM), PSB, PSB + tricalcium phosphate (TCP), CM?+?TCP, PSB?+?ground phosphate rock (GPR) and CM?+?GPR. The results showed soil Olsen-P concentration and phosphatase level as well as the yield of pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) were significantly higher in PSB application treatments compared to the corresponding CM application treatments. Soil phosphatase, invertase and urease contents were increased most significantly in PSB treatment, 1.18-, 1.31- and 2.32-fold higher than those in the control, respectively. Soil Ca₂-P, Ca₈-P, Fe-P and Al-P concentrations exhibited the greatest increases in PSB?+?TCP treatment, while occluded-P showed minor changes in different treatments. Application of PSB fertilizer reduced the transformation of Olsen-P to Ca₁₀-P, thus increasing P availability in reclaimed soil of coal mining subsidence area.     

Organic Acid Secretion and Phosphate Solubilizing Efficiency of Pseudomonas sp. PSB12: Effects of Phosphorus Forms and Carbon Sources

Secretion of organic acids is an important mechanism for phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) to dissolve insoluble phosphorus in soil. However, the composition of organic acids produced by PSB in the presence of different phosphorus compounds is poorly known, and little is known about the ability of PSB to degrade pollutants in sediment. In this study, we isolated a strain Pseudomonas sp. PSB12 from the sediment of the Qihe River. PSB12 had maximum phosphate solubilization index (SI) of 3.86 on Pikovskaya's agar medium. The phosphate solubilizing activity was associated with the release of organic acids produced from glucose, while the composition of organic acids produced by PSB12 was dependent on the phosphorus forms. When initial soluble phosphorus was insufficient (in MP1 and MP2 media), gluconic acid was the predominant organic acid. In contrast, formic acid, butyrate, and propanedioic acid were the main organic acids produced when only soluble phosphorus (MP3) was supplied. RT-PCR indicated that the expression of glucose dehydrogenase gene (gcd) of PSB12 was two- to four-fold higher in MP1 than in MP3. PSB12 also possessed the phenol hydroxylase gene (phe) suggesting that phenol could be used as the carbon source to dissolve insoluble phosphorus. PSB12 is a potential candidate for in situ bioremediation and for promoting plant growth in soil contaminated by phenol with low levels of soluble phosphorus.     

Degradation of p-toluenesulphonic acid via sidechain oxidation, desulphonation and meta ring cleavage in Pseudomonas (Comamonas) testosteroni T-2

Pseudomonas (Comamonas) testosteroni T-2 completely converted p-toluenesulphonic acid (TS) or p-sulphobenzoic acid (PSB) to cell material, CO2 and sulphate, with growth yields of about 5 g protein (mol C)-1. PSB and sulphite were excreted as transient intermediates during growth in TS-salts medium. All reactions of a catabolic pathway involving sidechain oxidation and cleavage of the sulphonate moiety as sulphite were measurable in the soluble portion of cell extracts. Degradation of TS and PSB was inducible and apparently involved at least two regulons. TS was converted to p-sulphobenzyl alcohol in a reaction requiring NAD(P)H and 1 mol O2 (mol TS)-1. This alcohol was in an equilibrium (in the presence of NAD+) with p-sulphobenzaldehyde, which was converted to PSB in an NAD(P)+-dependent reaction. PSB was desulphonated to protocatechuic acid in a reaction requiring NAD(P)H and 1 mol O2 (mol PSB)-1. Experiments with 18 O2 confirmed involvement of a dioxygenase, because both atoms of this molecular oxygen were recovered in protocatechuate. Protocatechuate was converted to 2-hydroxy-4-carboxymuconate semialdehyde by a 4.5-dioxygenase.     

最大或然数法在光合细菌计数中的应用及效果研究

1引言光合细菌(photosynthetic bacteria,PSB)是能进行不放氧光合作用的一大类细菌的总称,属水圈微生物,广泛分布于地球生物圈,无论江、河、湖、海,水田、旱地都有存在[3].光合细菌在水体自净、调节微生态平衡、促进动植物生长、增加产量和提高产品质量、防病、固氮等方面具有重要作用[3,22].近年来,光合细菌菌剂在水产养殖、家畜养殖、污水处理及植物生产上的应用日益广泛[3,13,19,27,28,31],相继推出多种产品,包括单菌菌剂、复合菌剂,剂型上有液体菌剂、浓缩菌剂和固体菌剂(粉剂)等[20].为保证产品质量和应用效果,有必要对光合细菌菌剂…     

Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria improve the phytoremediation efficiency of Wedelia trilobata for Cu-contaminated soil

In a controlled experiment, we assessed the effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacterium (PSB) on the soil metal (Cu²⁺) phytoremediation by Wedelia trilobata and examined the effect of the interaction of Cu contamination and PSB on the growth of W. trilobata. We also explored the effect of the interaction of Cu contamination and PSB on the soil microflora. The results showed that the removal efficiency of Cu from soil by W. trilobata increased with an increase in the concentration of PSB, and the translocation factors of Cu (i.e., leaf:root and stem:root) were both significantly upregulated by PSB. The PSB significantly promoted the growth of W. trilobata; however, the effect of the Cu–PSB interaction on the leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of W. trilobata was not significant, whereas copper contamination had a significant negative influence on the soil microflora, PSB had a significant positive influence on the soil microflora. Thus, PSB improved the phytoremediation efficiency of W. trilobata in Cu-contaminated soil because of the positive influence on the soil microflora, improving soil quality, which then increased the growth of W. trilobata in Cu-contaminated soil. The vigorous growth of W. trlobata led to higher of Cu absorption and translocation from soil as the ultimate result.     

Influences of light and oxygen conditions on photosynthetic bacteria macromolecule degradation: different metabolic pathways

Direct degradation of macromolecules by photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) is important for the industrial application of PSB wastewater treatment. Light and oxygen are the most important parameters in PSB growth. This paper studied the PSB macromolecule degradation process under three different light and oxygen conditions: light-anaerobic, natural light-microaerobic and dark-aerobic. The results showed that under three different light-oxygen conditions, PSB degradation of macromolecules was higher than 90%; the removal ratios of COD, TN, TP, total sugar and protein were also high; and the biomass yield reached nearly 0.5 mg-biomass/mg-COD-removal. Light and oxygen significantly influenced the efficiency. Macromolecules and pollutants removals were higher under oxygen condition than those under light-anaerobic condition. Theoretical analysis showed that under aerobic condition, PSB carried out oxidative phosphorylation, in which pollutants were sufficiently utilized with high mineralization degree. Under light-anaerobic condition, PSB carried out photophosphorylation and fermentation, which led to low pollutants removal efficiency.     

Isolation and identification of phosphate solubilizing bacteria able to enhance the growth and aloin-A biosynthesis of Aloe barbadensis Miller

The effect of four phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) was studied on growth and aloin-A content of Aloe barbadensis in soil containing tricalcium phosphate (TCP). PSB were identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Pseudomonas synxantha, Burkholderia gladioli, Enterobacter hormaechei and Serratia marcescens. These PSB solubilized 25-340 μg ml(-1) of TCP into the liquid phase. The treatment of plants with individual PSB or mixture of these increased soil available P, P uptake in plants and plant growth. The increase in aloin-A content due to higher plant biomass and unit biomass production was 673%, 294%, 276%, 119% and 108% in plants treated with a PSB consortium, P. synxantha, S. marcescens, B. gladioli, and E. hormaechei in TCP amended soil, respectively.     

云南滇池富磷区趋化性细菌的系统多样性

从云南滇池富磷区100份土样中筛选解磷细菌(PSB),通过组氨酸激酶编码基因(cheA)筛选趋化性PSB,并通过软琼脂平板法验证其趋化性;利用钼蓝比色法测定PSB对磷酸三钙的溶解能力;基于16S rRNA基因序列分析趋化性PSB的系统亲缘关系.结果表明： 分离到的145株PSB的溶磷圈直径在0.5～2 cm,其中37株为趋化性PSB.该37株PSB对供试的4种趋化底物均具有趋化性,而且对磷酸三钙均具有解磷活性.基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析显示,这37株趋化性PSB分属于10属,共17种细菌,其中假单胞菌属种类最多(5种9株),肠杆菌属次之(3种8株),芽孢杆菌属尽管只分离到1个种(Bacillus aryabhattai),但共分离到9个菌株.     

一株菊酯类农药降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解酶基因的克隆

摘要：【目的】筛选分离高效降解菊酯类农药的光合细菌,研究其降解特性,并对该菌株中降解酶基因进行克隆与初步分析。【方法】根据分离菌株的细胞形态结构、活细胞光吸收特征、生理生化特征及其16S rDNA序列系统发育分析鉴定降解菌,气相色谱法测定该菌株降解菊酯类农药的能力,PCR方法克隆降解酶基因。【结果】菌株PSB07-21属红假单胞菌属（Rhodopseudomonas sp.）,其降解最佳条件为3000 lx、35℃、pH 7,在此条件下培养15 d对600 mg/L甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、联苯菊酯降解率分别为     

光合菌对黄瓜光合及抗氧化同工酶的影响

以2种基因型的黄瓜(Cucumis sativus)为材料, 研究光合菌(PSB)的喷施对植物生物量、净光合速率(Pn)、叶片PSII 的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)及抗氧化同工酶代谢的影响。结果表明, 喷施PSB均能诱导2种基因型黄瓜的生物量显著增加, 并伴随Pn的显著提高。但是, 2种基因型黄瓜的Fv/Fm并不受PSB喷施的影响; PSB能使总过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和抗坏血酸过氧化酶(APX)活性提高, 并使它们的多数同工酶的活性上调, 这些同工酶活性的增加在叶绿体中表现更为明显(如 Cu/Zn-SOD、Fe-SOD 和 sAPX)。研究结果表明, PSB能通过增强黄瓜抗氧化酶体系的活性改善植株的抗氧化能力, 从而在植株的生长和光合作用方面起到促进作用。     

南方红豆杉根际溶无机磷细菌的筛选、鉴定及其促生效果

【目的】对南方红豆杉(Taxus chinensis var.mairei)根际溶无机磷细菌进行了分离、筛选与鉴定,并对获得的高效溶磷菌株进行了温室盆栽试验。本研究为通过生物途径改善南方红豆杉磷素供应,促进其生长提供了优良的菌株资源。【方法】利用选择培养基从南方红豆杉根际土壤中共分离出具溶磷能力的细菌;采用NBRI-BPB培养基进行复筛获得溶磷能力较强的溶无机磷细菌;并采用钼锑抗比色法测量其在NBRIP培养基中经4d发酵后的可溶性磷含量;通过形态指标、生理生化测定、Biolog系统和16S rDNA序列分析鉴定细菌种类;并进行了溶磷菌株的室内盆栽实生苗接种试验。【结论】从南方红豆杉根际共分离出4株高效溶磷细菌,分别鉴定为荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)、蜡状芽胞杆菌(Bacillus cereus)、草木樨中华根瘤菌(Sinorhizobium meliloti)和地衣芽胞杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis);4株细菌对南方红豆杉苗期的生长有明显的促进作用。     

光合细菌对水产养殖水质和水生生物的影响

研究光合细菌对水产养殖水体的水质,如化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH₄⁺-N)、溶解氧(DO)、pH等指标,及对水生生物,如藻类植物和细菌的种群组成的影响。结果表明:鲤鱼养殖水中投放一定量的光合细菌,能明显去除水中有机物和NH₄⁺-N,增加DO的含量,稳定pH值。光合细菌对水中藻类也有明显影响,0.50%、1%剂量组中藻类明显增加,其中硅藻在所有藻类中所占比例可达26%以上,绿藻所占比例达60%左右,而以蓝藻为主的杂藻则下降到10%左右。光合细菌对有害菌有一定的抑制作用,使得弧菌属、气单胞菌属等致病菌所占比例显著降低。     

Enhanced biomass and steviol glycosides in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Stevia rebaudiana</Emphasis> treated with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and rock phosphate

Biofertilizers offer alternative means to promoting cultivation of medicinal plants less dependent on chemical fertilizers. Present study was aimed at evaluating the potential of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) Burkholderia gladioli MTCC 10216, B. gladioli MTCC 10217, Enterobacter aerogenes MTCC 10208 and Serratia marcescens MTCC 10238 for utilizing Mussoorie rock phosphate (MRP) to enhance plant growth, and stevioside (ST) and rebaudioside-A (R-A) contents of Stevia rebaudiana. The solubilization of MRP by PSB strains varied from 1.4 to 15.2 μg ml⁻¹, with the highest solubilization by Enterobacter aerogenes 10208. The PSB treatment increased the growth and ST and R-A contents of plants. Plant growth and stevioside contents were more pronounced with plants treated with a mixture of strains and grown in MRP amended soil compared to the unamended soil. The increment in shoot length (47.8%), root length (17.4%), leaf dry weight (164%), stem dry weight (116%), total shoot biomass (136%) resulted in enhanced productivity of ST (291%) and R-A (575%) in plants inoculated with mixture of PSB as compared to the uninoculated plants. The soils of PSB treated plants contained more available P than the soils of uninoculated plants (increase of 86–576%). PSB inoculated plants also recorded higher P content (64–273% increase) compared to uninoculated plants. The PSB strains differed in the extent of rhizosphere colonization, carbon source utilization pattern and whole cell fatty acids methyl esters composition.     

磁处理水对光合细菌生长的影响

目的:观察不同强度(0.05T、0.08T、0.25T、0.1T)的磁处理水对光合细菌生长的影响。方法:采用分光光度法,半固体试管法。结果:磁场强度为0.05T、0.08T、0.25T的磁处理水对光合细菌的生长有明显的抑制作用(P<0.01);磁场强度为0.1T的磁处理水和对照组(未经磁处理的无菌水)对光合细菌的生长影响不大(P>0.05)。结论:磁处理水对光合细菌的生长有一定的影响,其生长情况与磁场强度有关。     

光合细菌改善新型烟草品质的初步研究

试验研究了喷施光合细菌菌液对新型烟草品质的影响.化学成分分析结果表明,在苗期和大田以1:200的比例对烟叶叶面喷施光合细菌菌液,对新型烟草内在化学成分的含量及其谐调性具有显著的影响,尤其能够同时降低烟碱和增加钾的含量.评吸结果显示,香味独特,余味纯净,劲头适中,更加呈现出新型烟草所具有的品质特征.