Effect of fatigue on hamstring coactivation during isokinetic knee extensions

We examined the effect of fatigue of the quadriceps muscles on coactivation of the hamstring muscles and determined if the response is different between two isokinetic speeds in ten males and ten females with no history of knee pathology. Electromyographic data were recorded from the vastus lateralis and biceps femoris muscles during 50 maximal knee extensions at isokinetic speeds of 1.75 rad · s⁻¹ (100° · s⁻¹) and 4.36 rad · s⁻¹ (250° · s⁻¹). A greater degree of coactivation was apparent at the higher speed, but the increase in coactivation of the hamstring muscles was similar at both speeds. The results revealed that: (1) coactivation is greater at a higher isokinetic speed, and (2) coactivation increases during fatigue, but the rate of increase is independent of contraction velocity. Accepted: 15 June 1998     

Neuromuscular activation of quadriceps bellies during tasks performed in the same biomechanical condition in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty

ObjectiveTo investigate neuromuscular activation of quadriceps bellies during different tasks in patients before and after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsTwenty-six patients scheduled for TKA and 16 control subjects performed three isometric tasks: knee extension (KE), hip flexion (HF), hip flexion with contralateral hip extension (HFE). Surface electromyography signals of rectus femoris, vastus medialis and vastus lateralis were collected the day before (T0), at one (T1) and three (T2) days after surgery, whereas control subjects underwent a single evaluation. The Root Mean Square peak normalized for its highest value during the three tasks (nRMS-peak) was used as index of maximum neuromuscular activation for each belly. Sixteen patients performed the postoperative assessment, due to the placement of an elastomeric pump aimed at reducing pain in 10 patients.ResultsPatients showed lower rectus femoris nRMS-peak during KE compared to HF and HFE before and after surgery (p < 0.001), as occurred in control subjects. Differently from control subjects, patients showed higher vastus medialis and vastus lateralis nRMS-peak during HF compared to KE at T1 (p = 0.008) and T2 (p = 0.039).ConclusionTKA modified quadriceps neuromuscular activation during different tasks performed the same biomechanical condition. These findings may be considered in planning physiotherapy interventions after TKA.     

Assessment of quadriceps muscle weakness in patients after total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty: Methodological issues

The aim of this exploratory study was to verify whether the evaluation of quadriceps muscle weakness is influenced by the testing modality (isometric vs. isokinetic vs. isoinertial) and by the calculation method (within-subject vs. between-subject comparisons) in patients 4–8 months after total knee arthroplasty (TKA, n = 29) and total hip arthroplasty (THA, n = 30), and in healthy controls (n = 19). Maximal quadriceps strength was evaluated as (1) the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque during an isometric contraction, (2) the peak torque during an isokinetic contraction, and (3) the one repetition maximum (1-RM) load during an isoinertial contraction. Muscle weakness was calculated as the difference between the involved and the uninvolved side (within-subject comparison) and as the difference between the involved side of patients and controls (between-subject comparison). Muscle weakness estimates were not significantly affected by the calculation method (within-subject vs. between-subject; P > 0.05), whereas a significant main effect of testing modality (P < 0.05) was observed. Isometric MVC torque provided smaller weakness estimates than isokinetic peak torque (P = 0.06) and isoinertial 1-RM load (P = 0.008), and the clinical occurrence of weakness (proportion of patients with large strength deficits) was also lower for MVC torque. These results have important implications for the evaluation of quadriceps muscle weakness in TKA and THA patients 4–8 months after surgery.     

Analysis of the neuromuscular activity during rising from a chair in water and on dry land

PurposeThe purpose of the present study was to analyze the neuromuscular responses during the performance of a sit to stand [STS] task in water and on dry land.Scope10 healthy subjects, five males and five females were recruited for study. Surface electromyography sEMG was used for lower limb and trunk muscles maximal voluntarty contraction [MVC] and during the STS task.ResultsMuscle activity was significantly higher on dry land than in water normalized signals by MVC from the quadriceps-vastus medialis [17.3%], the quadriceps – rectus femoris [5.3%], the long head of the biceps femoris [5.5%], the tibialis anterior [13.9%], the gastrocnemius medialis [3.4%], the soleus [6.2%]. However, the muscle activity was higher in water for the rectus abdominis [?26.6%] and the erector spinae [?22.6%].ConclusionsThis study for the first time describes the neuromuscular responses in healthy subjects during the performance of the STS task in water. The differences in lower limb and trunk muscle activity should be considered when using the STS movement in aquatic rehabilitation.     

Agonist and antagonist muscle activation during maximal and submaximal isokinetic fatigue tests of the knee extensors

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in electromyographic activity of agonist and antagonist knee musculature between a maximal and a submaximal isokinetic fatigue protocol. Fourteen healthy males (age: 24.3 ± 2.5 years) performed 25 maximal (MIFP) and 60 submaximal (SIFP) isokinetic concentric efforts of the knee extensors at 60° s⁻¹, across a 90° range of motion. The two protocols were performed a week apart. The EMG activity of vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL) and biceps femoris (BF) were recorded using surface electrodes. The peak torque (PT) and average EMG (aEMG) were expressed as percentages of pre-fatigue maximal value. One-way analysis of variance indicated a significant (p < 0.05) decline of PT during the maximal (45.7%) and submaximal (46.8%) protocols. During the maximal test, the VM and VL aEMG initially increased and then decreased. In contrast, VM and VL aEMG continuously increased during submaximal testing (p < 0.05). The antagonist (BF) aEMG remained constant during maximal test but it increased significantly and then declined during the submaximal testing. The above results indicate that agonist and antagonist activity depends on the intensity of the selected isokinetic fatigue test.     

Influence of landmark and surgical variability on virtual assessment of total knee arthroplasty

Given advances in recent years in imaging modalities and computational hardware/software, virtual analyses are increasingly valuable and practical for evaluating total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, the influence of variabilities at each step in computational analyses on predictions of TKA performance for a population has not yet been thoroughly investigated, nor the relationship between these variabilities and expected variations in surgical practice. Understanding these influences is nevertheless essential for ensuring the clinical relevance of theoretical predictions. Here, a morphological analysis of proximal tibial resections within TKA is proposed and investigated. The goals of this analysis are to quantify the influence of variability in landmark detection on resection parameters and to evaluate this sensitivity relative to expected clinical variability in TKA resections. Results here are directly applicable to population-level computational analyses of morphological and functional TKA performance.     

Increase in rate of force development with skin cooling during isometric knee extension

Rate of force development (RFD) plays an important role when performing rapid and forceful movements. Cold-induced afferent input with transient skin cooling (SC) can modulate neural drive. However, the relationship between RFD and SC is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether SC increases RFD during isometric knee extension. Fifteen young healthy men (25 ± 8 yrs old) contracted their quadriceps muscle as fast and forcefully as possible with or without SC. Skin cooling was administered to the front of the thigh. Torque and electromyographic activity were measured simultaneously. Peak torque was not affected by SC. Skin cooling induced a significant increase in RFD at the phase 0–30 and 0–50 ms. The root mean square of the electromyography of vastus medialis, rectus femoris and vastus lateralis at the phases 0–30–50–100 ms increased significantly or tended to increase with SC. These results suggest that SC may increase neural drive and improve RFD in the very early phases of contraction.     

Sex differences in muscle activation patterns associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury during landing and cutting tasks: A systematic review

Neuromuscular control is critical for maintaining dynamic joint stability and mitigating the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Given the increased risk of ACL injury in females, sex-based differential muscle activation strategies are often associated with this risk. For example, the quadriceps-dominant muscle activation strategy sometimes observed in females has been discussed as a cause of their increased risk of ACL injury. However, there has been no synthesised knowledge on sex differences in muscle activation patterns associated with ACL injuries. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to synthesise sex differences in muscle activation patterns in movements associated with ACL injuries in both adult and adolescent populations. A systematic electronic database search was conducted. Thirty studies were included in the review. Females demonstrated higher pre- and post-landing activation of the quadriceps and lower activation of the hamstrings in 15 studies. Females also had higher quadriceps-to-hamstring co-contraction ratios during pre- and post-landing phases compared to their male counterparts in 4 of 9 studies that considered co-contraction. While some studies supported the quadriceps-dominant activation strategies in females, no consensus can be drawn due to methodological inconsistencies and limitations. Also, despite the importance of ACL injury prevention in children and adolescents, the evidence on sex difference in muscle activation patterns in this population is insufficient to draw meaningful conclusions.     

Neuromuscular efficiency during sit to stand movement in women with knee osteoarthritis

The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuromuscular efficiency of women with knee osteoarthritis (OA) when performing a sit-to-stand movement and during maximum strength efforts. Twelve women with unilateral knee OA (age 60.33 ± 6.66 years, height 1.61 ± 0.05 m, mass 77.08 ± 9.2 kg) and 11 controls (age 56.54 ± 5.46 years, height 1.64 ± 0.05 m, mass 77.36 ± 13.34 kg) participated in this study. Subjects performed a sit-to-stand movement from a chair while position of center of pressure and knee angular speed were recorded. Furthermore, maximal isokinetic knee extension and flexion strength at 60°/s, 120°/s and 150°/s was measured. Surface, electromyography (EMG) from the biceps femoris (BF), vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM) was recorded during all tests. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that during the sit-to-stand OA group demonstrated significantly lower knee angular speed (44.49 ± 9.61°/s vs. 71.68 ± 19.86°/s), a more posterior position of the center of pressure (39.20 ± 7.02% vs. 41.95 ± 2.49%) and a higher antagonist BF activation (57.13 ± 20.55% vs. 32.01 ± 19.5%) compared with controls (p < 0.05). Further, women with knee OA demonstrated a lower Moment-to-EMG ratio than controls in extension and eccentric flexion at 60°/s and 150°/s, while the opposite was found for concentric flexion at 60°/s (p < 0.05). Among other factors, the slower performance of the sit-to-stand movement in women with OA is due to a less efficient use of the knee extensor muscles (less force per unit of EMG) and, perhaps, a higher BF antagonist co-activation. This may lead subjects with OA to adopt a different movement strategy compared with controls.     

Reduced induction of anti-PF4/heparin antibody in RA patients after total knee arthroplasty

BackgroundHeparin-induced thrombocytopenia is caused by antibodies (Abs) specific to platelet factor 4 (PF4)/heparin complexes. In this study, we evaluated the rates of seroconversion of anti-PF4/heparin Ab between patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and with osteoarthritis (OA) who underwent total knee arthroplasty.MethodsThe subjects of this randomized controlled trial were 124 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and received edoxaban with or without a foot pump as thromboprophylaxis. We measured anti-PF4/heparin Abs before and 10 days after surgery, as well as preoperative PF4, using commercially available ELISAs. We also used the database of J-PSVT, a hospital-based, prospective cohort study designed to document the effectiveness of thromboprophylactic agents during arthroplasty.ResultsThe rates of seroconversion to anti-PF4/heparin Ab were lower in RA patients (4.0 %) than in OA patients (25.5 %). The anti-PF4/heparin IgG optical density (OD) values did not differ before and after surgery in RA patients. In contrast, there was a significant increase in anti-PF4/heparin IgG OD values in OA patients after TKA. In the J-PSVT data, the postoperative seroconversion rates of anti-PF4/heparin Ab were lower in RA patients (10.4 %) than in OA patients (21.8 %) who received fondaparinux. The titers of anti-CCP Ab were significantly lower in RA patients with postoperative ant-PF4/heparin Ab compared with those without postoperative ant-PF4/heparin Ab There was no significant difference in preoperative PF4 levels between RA patients and OA patients. The heparin-binding affinity of the circulating PF4 was similar between RA patients and OA patients; however, the IgG fractions isolated from the sera of RA patients contained PF4 more frequently (69.2 %) than those from OA patients (10.2 %).ConclusionsOur results showed a reduced likelihood of postoperative anti-PF/heparin Ab production in RA patients compared with OA patients. This suggests that the mechanisms underlying the anti-PF4 immune response in RA patients differ from the mechanisms of the anti-PF4/heparin immune response seen in OA patients after joint replacement.

Trial registration

ISRCTN 18090286. Registered 8 July 2016     

Patterns in the knee flexion-extension moment profile during stair ascent and descent in patients with total knee arthroplasty

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of abnormal knee biomechanical patterns in 40 patients with a modern TKA prosthesis, compared to 40 matched control participants when ascending and descending stairs. Fewer patients were able to ascend (65%) or descend stairs (53%) unassisted than controls (83%). Of the participants who could ascend and descend, cluster analysis classified most patients (up to 77%) as demonstrating a similar knee moment pattern as all controls. A small subgroup of patients who completed the tasks did so with distinctly abnormal biomechanics compared to other patients and controls. These findings suggest that recovery of normal stair climbing is possible. However, rehabilitation might be more effective if it were tailored to account for these differences between patients.     

Muscle activation patterns of knee flexors and extensors during passive and active movement of the spastic lower limb in chronic stroke patients

The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of spasticity, quantified as muscle activity during stretch, during passive and active movement. For this cross sectional study 19 stroke patients with spasticity in the lower limb were recruited. Reflex activity was studied with surface electromyography of knee flexor and extensor muscles during passive and active movement of the lower leg.On both the affected and unaffected side, root mean square values of the knee extensor muscles, while stretched, were higher during active than during passive movement (p < 0.05). For the vastus lateralis (VL) the correlation was moderate (ρ = 0.54, p = 0.022), for the rectus femoris (RF) high (ρ = 0.83, p < 0.001). For the semitendinosus (ST) the correlation was low (ρ = 0.27) and not significant.During active movement the correlation between VL activity and activity of the antagonist ST, as an indicator for co-contraction of the affected muscles, was marked (ρ = 0.73, p = 0.001). A moderate negative correlation was found between reflex activity of RF during passive stretch and the active range of motion (ρ = ?0.51, p = 0.027).The results show that a passive stretch test alone is insufficient either as assessment method for spasticity during active motor tasks or as a measure for motor control.     

Validity and reliability of isometric,isokinetic and isoinertial modalities for the assessment of quadriceps muscle strength in patients with total knee arthroplasty

Reliability of isometric, isokinetic and isoinertial modalities for quadriceps strength evaluation, and the relation between quadriceps strength and physical function was investigated in 29 total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients, with an average age of 63 years. Isometric maximal voluntary contraction torque, isokinetic peak torque, and isoinertial one-repetition maximum load of the involved and uninvolved quadriceps were evaluated as well as objective (walking parameters) and subjective physical function (WOMAC). Reliability was good and comparable for the isometric, isokinetic, and isoinertial strength outcomes on both sides (intraclass correlation coefficient range: 0.947–0.966; standard error of measurement range: 5.1–9.3%). Involved quadriceps strength was significantly correlated to walking speed (r range: 0.641–0.710), step length (r range: 0.685–0.820) and WOMAC function (r range: 0.575–0.663), independent from the modality (P < 0.05). Uninvolved quadriceps strength was also significantly correlated to walking speed (r range: 0.413–0.539), step length (r range: 0.514–0.608) and WOMAC function (r range: 0.374–0.554) (P < 0.05), except for WOMAC function/isokinetic peak torque (P > 0.05). In conclusion, isometric, isokinetic, and isoinertial modalities ensure valid and reliable assessment of quadriceps muscle strength in TKA patients.     

Inspiratory muscular activation during threshold therapy in elderly healthy and patients with COPD

Inspiratory muscles training in COPD is controversial not only in relation to the load level required to produce muscular conditioning effects but also in relation to the group of patients benefiting from the training. Consequently, inspiratory muscular response assessment during Threshold^® therapy may help optimizing training strategy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the participation of the diaphragm and the sternocleidomastoid (SMM) muscle to overcome with a 30% Threshold^® load using surface electromyography (sEMG) and to analyze the correlation between SMM activation, maximum strength level of inspiratory muscles (MIP) and obstruction degree in COPD patients (FEV₁). We studied seven healthy elderly subjects, mean age of 68 ± 4 years and seven COPD patients, FEV₁ 45 ± 17% of the predicted value, with mean age 66 ± 8 years. sEMG analysis of SMM muscles and diaphragm were obtained through RMS (root-mean-square) during three stages: pre-loading, loading and post-loading.

Results

In the COPD group, the RMS of the SMM increased 28% during load (p < 0.05) while the RMS of the diaphragm remained constant. In the elderly there was a trend of a 11% increase in diaphragm activity and of 7% in SMM activity but, without reaching significance levels. SMM activity demonstrated good correlation with the obstruction level (r = −0.537).

Conclusion

To overcome the load required by Threshold^® therapy, COPD patients demonstrated an increase of accessory muscles activity, represented by SMM. For the same relative load this increase seems to be proportional to the degree of pulmonary obstruction.     

Strong independent associations between gait biomechanics and pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis

We investigated the simple and multivariate associations between knee pain and gait biomechanics. 279 patients with medial knee osteoarthritis (OA) and discordant changes in pain between limbs after walking completed bilateral three-dimensional gait analysis. For each limb, patients rated their pain before and after a 6-min walk and the change in pain was recorded as an increase (≥1 points) or not (≤0 points). Among paired limbs, the simple and multivariate associations between an increase in pain and the external moments in each orthogonal plane were evaluated using conditional logistic regression. The analyses were then repeated for knee angles. Univariate analyses demonstrated associations in each plane that varied in both magnitude and direction, with larger associations for the knee moments [Odds Ratio (95% confidence interval) = first peak adduction moment: 2.80 (2.02, 3.88), second peak adduction moment: 2.36 (1.73, 3.24), adduction impulse: 6.65 (3.50, 12.62), flexion moment: 0.46 (0.36, 0.60), extension moment: 0.56 (0.44, 0.71), internal rotation moment: 7.54 (3.32, 17.13), external rotation moment: 0.001 (0.00, 0.04)]. Multivariate analyses with backward elimination resulted in a model including only the adduction impulse [5.35 (2.51, 11.42)], flexion moment [0.32 (0.22, 0.46)] and extension moment [0.28 (0.19, 0.42)]. The varus, flexion and extension angles were included in the final multivariate model for the knee angles. When between-person confounding is lessened by comparing limbs within patients, there are strong independent associations between knee pain and multiple external knee moments that vary in magnitude and direction. While controlling for other knee moments, a greater adduction impulse and lower flexion and extension moments were independently associated with greater odds of an increase in pain.     

Finding and defining the ideal patellar resection plane in total knee arthroplasty

Asymmetric resection of the patella during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) correlates with anterior knee pain, bony impingement and patellar maltracking. Despite this, there is no consensus regarding the desired landmarks; the cut is often done freehand; and there has been no quantitative comparison of proposed resection planes. The objectives of this study were to: determine the intra- and inter-surgeon repeatability of two radiographic resection definitions (medial–divot, MD, and medial–lateral extents, MLE); calculate two additional definitions from the radiographic patellar circumferences (parallel to the anterior surface, ANT, and perpendicular to the anteroposterior tangent points, PERP); compare the clinical resection line to the previous four definitions before and after introducing the MD method clinically; and identify distinguishing features of patellae with better vs. worse resection angles. We hypothesized that the MD method would improve repeatability both radiographically and clinically, that the different radiographic definitions would produce comparable angles, and that we could identify distinguishing features. For the radiographic study, three surgeons drew lines on 40 preoperative X-rays plus 9 interspersed repetitions of 3 of these X-rays. For the clinical study, we compared the patellar resection angle for 20 patients immediately before and after implementing the new method. Given that the clinical goal is to have equal distances from the resection surface to the anterior surface, we compared all results to the ANT definition as the theoretically ideal definition. Confirming the first hypothesis, intra-surgeon repeatability (10 repetitions of 3 X-rays) and inter-surgeon repeatability (3 surgeons×40 X-rays) were both significantly better using the new MD method compared to the MLE method (p<0.001). Contrary to the second hypothesis, clinical use of the MD method did not improve resection symmetry. Contrary to the third hypothesis, the PERP definition was significantly different from the other three definitions. In agreement with the fourth hypothesis, female patellae and more deformed patella had significantly greater asymmetry (p<0.001). Given the inherent variability shown in drawing the ‘patellar horizon’, we encourage researchers to draw the line several times and average the results when comparing tilt or the resection angle to this horizon. Based on the distinguishing characteristics of asymmetrically resurfaced patellae in our series, we recommend that clinicians be particularly careful when resecting laterally deformed patellae and the patellae of female patients.     

Foot center of pressure manipulation and gait therapy influence lower limb muscle activation in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee

Background

Foot center of pressure (COP) manipulation has been associated with improved gait patterns. The purpose of this study was to determine lower limb muscle activation changes in knee osteoarthritis patients, both immediately after COP manipulation and when COP manipulation was combined with continuous gait therapy (AposTherapy).

Methods

Fourteen females with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis underwent EMG analyzes of key muscles of the leg. In the initial stage, trials were carried out at four COP positions. Following this, gait therapy was initiated for 3 months. The barefoot EMG was compared before and after therapy.

Results

The average EMG varied significantly with COP in at least one phase of stance in all examined muscles of the less symptomatic leg and in three muscles of the more symptomatic leg. After training, a significant increase in average EMG was observed in most muscles. Most muscles of the less symptomatic leg showed significantly increased peak EMG. Activity duration was shorter for all muscles of the less symptomatic leg (significant in the lateral gastrocnemius) and three muscles of the more symptomatic leg (significant in the biceps femoris). These results were associated with reduced pain, increased function and improved spatiotemporal parameters.

Conclusions

COP manipulation influences the muscle activation patterns of the leg in patients with knee osteoarthritis. When combined with a therapy program, muscle activity increases and activity duration decreases.     

Adaptations in muscular activation of the knee extensor muscles with strength training in young and older adults

The purpose of this study was to compare the extent of muscular activation during maximal voluntary knee extension contractions in old and young individuals and to examine the effects of resistance training on muscular activation in each group. The interpolated twitch technique was used to estimate muscular activation during two pre-training baseline tests, and after two and six weeks of resistance training. Throughout the study, the older group was 30% less strong than the young group (p=0.02). The training protocol was effective in both groups with overall isometric strength gains of 30 and 36% in the older (p=0.01) and young (p<0.01) groups, respectively. 10-RM training loads increased by 66% in the old group (p<0.01) and by 77% in the young group (p<0.01) throughout training. At the first baseline test, a 2% difference in muscular activation between groups (p=0.3) did not explain the large disparity in strength. Muscular activation increased by 2% in both groups throughout training (p<0.01). Despite considerably less muscular strength in the older group, muscular activation was greater than 95% of maximum and appears to be equal in both young and older individuals. Both groups demonstrated similar but small increases in muscular activation throughout training.     

In-vivo analysis of sliding distance and cross-shear in Bi-cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty

Polyethylene remains the most popular bearing material for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Despite its widespread use, wear continue to be one of major factors implicated in revision surgery. Sliding distance, cross-shear, and contact stress are the major factors influencing polyethylene wear. As previous studies have either relied on wear simulations, computational modeling, or in vitro measurements to quantify sliding distance and cross-shear, in vivo subject-specific sliding distance and cross-shear after bi-cruciate retaining (BCR) TKA has not been previously reported. The objective of this study was to quantify the 6°-of-freedom (6DOF) in vivo kinematics, sliding distance, and cross-shear in BCR TKA patients during gait. Twenty-nine unilateral BCR TKA patients performed level walking on a treadmill under dual fluoroscopic imaging system (DFIS) surveillance. Cumulative normalized sliding distances between the lateral and medial compartments did not change significantly (p > 0.05) during the gait cycle. Although the total normalized sliding distance was similar between the lateral and medial compartments, the cross-shear at the lateral compartment differed significantly from that at the medial compartment (p < 0.001). Significant differences in the relative length positions of the peak sliding distance and cross-shear were found between the lateral and medial bearing components. The flexion-extension motion of the reconstructed knee was more associated with the linear displacements (anterior-posterior, R² = 0.6; lateral-medial, R² = 0.8, proximal-distal, R² = 0.7) than the angular displacement (varus-valgus, R² = 0.18; internal-external rotation, R² = 0.28). Despite some differences in peak sliding distance and cross-shear positons, our results suggest similar articular contact patterns between the lateral and medial compartments in BCR TKA patients during gait. The data could provide insights into understanding the potential wear patterns in BCR TKAs.